The ARTEMIS tools for estimating the transport pollutant emissions Artemis project - EC DG Tren...
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The ARTEMIS tools for estimating the transport pollutant emissions Artemis project - EC DG Tren COST346 - Heavy duty vehicles emissions M. André, INRETS, France, M. Keller, INFRAS, Switzerland A. Sjödin, IVL, Sweden, M. Gadrat, CETE, France,
The ARTEMIS tools for estimating the transport pollutant emissions Artemis project - EC DG Tren COST346 - Heavy duty vehicles emissions M. André, INRETS,
The ARTEMIS tools for estimating the transport pollutant
emissions Artemis project - EC DG Tren COST346 - Heavy duty
vehicles emissions M. Andr, INRETS, France, M. Keller, INFRAS,
Switzerland A. Sjdin, IVL, Sweden, M. Gadrat, CETE, France, I.
McCrae, TRL, UK
Slide 2
1 Summary The ARTEMIS research project The ARTEMIS tools (road
transports) Field of application Modelling principles and concepts
Operational aspects Implementation
Slide 3
2 The ARTEMIS research project Objective Harmonized tools for
estimating the pollutant emissions from the transports Macroscopic
(National) and Local approaches 42 partners, 15 countries, 5 years,
8.8 M COST346 action emissions / consumption from lorries Link with
national research projects F, A, UK, S, CH, etc.
Slide 4
3 Main results Real-world emission test procedures Driving
cycles, test method, uncertainty, recommendation Measurements and
modelling of emissions 130 cars tested, database incl. 3,000 light
vehicles 120 engine maps (lorries, busses) + transient tests 115
Two-wheelers tested Cold-start, A/C, evaporative emissions Focus on
recent vehicles (Euro2 to 4) Non-regulated pollutants and
particulates Traffic characteristics (fleet, usage, driving
conditions, etc.) Validation through measurements inside 3 tunnels
Non-road transport (railways, air, maritime)
Slide 5
4 The Artemis tools Applications Classical emission inventory
(national, regional) From Street level to Aggregated / Hourly -
Yearly Scenario calculation - alternative measures Input for air
quality models - local and temporal impacts Structure and content
Most pollutants - regulated - non regulated Hot, cold start,
evaporative emissions Light and Heavy duty vehicles, motorcycles /
non-road By detailed category, technology, fuel, Engine size, HDV
weight and configuration, Up to the EURO4 regulation and then,
reduction rates
Slide 6
5 Heavy duty vehicles - emission model Transient Correction
Fuel Quality Engine load, FC, emissions Normalized Emission Maps
Driving resistances & transmission losses Gear shift model
Power Engine speed Engine maps from 102 engines EURO 0 to EURO 3
Transient tests from 27 engines
Slide 7
6 Passenger cars - emission model Artemis database 2800 cars,
27,000 tests EURO 0 to EURO 4 217 driving cycles Artemis database
2800 cars, 27,000 tests EURO 0 to EURO 4 217 driving cycles
Building-up of test patterns and reference emissions Speed curves
Traffic situation TSi Test Cycles Axis i Axis k Axis j
Correspondence Analysis Emission for a large range of traffic
situations through representative speed curves Speed Acceleration
time % Distributions
Slide 8
7 Modelling principles Heavy duty vehicles (and railway Diesel
engines) Engine maps, simulation of the vehicle operation load and
gradient simulation,Transient and fuel corrections Passenger cars
Interpolation amongst 15 reference conditions Cold start, air
conditioning, fuel evaporation 2-Wheelers and Light duty vehicles
Emission versus speed curves Load (LDV), cold start / evaporative
emission (2W) Maritime: emissions versus speed Airplanes: emissions
by mode (taking-off, cruise, landing)
Slide 9
8 A local approach - by Traffic situations Strategic network
(motorway, major road) Urb.Motorway, primary distributor Inner and
local traffic Access Traffic (veh /h) Speed 30 90 60 2000 6000
80004000 Free-flow Heavy Congestion Near saturation District level
Representative speed curve times Emission Emission model (per
category of vehicle) Urban Rural + Speed limit, gradient, sinuosity
Road configurationxTraffic condition
Slide 10
9 Various approaches Average speed Detailed traffic situations
Better taking into account of the traffic dynamic Composite
situations aggregation of Traffic Sit. Better approach of the
congestion, etc.
Slide 11
10 Operational aspects Fleet model in 3 scenarios Fleet
composition Vehicle number per detailed categories Traffic activity
Vehicle x Km, per segment in urban, rural, motorway Distribution
per Traffic situations Ambient conditions, starts, trips, parking
characteristics and temporal variations Emissions concepts
introduction Years and shares Fleet model in 3 scenarios Fleet
composition Vehicle number per detailed categories Traffic activity
Vehicle x Km, per segment in urban, rural, motorway Distribution
per Traffic situations Ambient conditions, starts, trips, parking
characteristics and temporal variations Emissions concepts
introduction Years and shares Emission data set Hot, Cold start,
Evaporative, regulated / non-regulated emissions data / functions
Fuel quality New concepts reduction rates Emission data set Hot,
Cold start, Evaporative, regulated / non-regulated emissions data /
functions Fuel quality New concepts reduction rates Traffic Data
Set Traffic scenarios Application cases Traffic Data Set Traffic
scenarios Application cases Emission computation Total and per
categories, etc. Hot, cold, evaporative emissions Emission
computation Total and per categories, etc. Hot, cold, evaporative
emissions Emission factors processor Aggregated and per vehicle
category Emission factors processor Aggregated and per vehicle
category
Slide 12
11 Application to Sweden 2005 and 2006 emission reporting
Constitution of the traffic data Declination of mileage in: 33 road
types 85 traffic situations 94% in Free-flow 3% in heavy traffic 2%
2% in saturated traffic, 1% in stop&go Good agreement with
previous assessments Further applications: Stockholm Urban Toll
Planning tools for road investments analysis SIMAIR (air quality
assessment)
Slide 13
12 Application to Sweden Further applications Planning tools
for road investments analysis SIMAIR (Swedish model for assessing
the air quality near the roads)
Slide 14
13 A local approach in Lille A link by link simulation
Implementation of the traffic situation approach Validation,
sensitivity Comparison with previous approaches Objectives:
development of the French tools for the infrastructure impact
studies Simulation of the air quality and exposure (for health
impact studies)
Slide 15
14 Conclusions ARTEMIS - New European tools for pollutant
emission calculation A significant research effort and a large
number of new measurements Most vehicle categories, regulated and
non-regulated pollutant Harmonized approaches at different scales A
plate-form for assessing various projects and contexts Application
to Sweden and other case studies Further developments: a European
working group incl. the involved countries (D, A, CH, NL, S,
F)