Science Technology and

Innovation in Myanmar

The ASEAN Open Innovation

and Entrepreneurship Forum

Phyu Phyu Win

Department of Research and Innovation

Ministry of Education

Myanmar

14/10/2017

Outlines

Growth Potential of Myanmar

Legal Framework for STI

Institutional Framework for STI

Technology Assistance Program to SMEs

Key Issue on STI System

Cooperation Demand to address STI

challenges

14/10/2017

3

Fertile Land of 676,000 sq meter

Strategic Geographic Location

Long coastline on the Gulf on Bengal

Economy Hub: Neighboring with huge

potential markets

Human resource: A large young

working-age population (38million out of

52 million)

Growth Potential of Myanmar

Population 50,519,000

Life Expectancy 57

GDP per Capita U.S. $1,700

Literacy Percent 83

Natural gas 7.8 trillion cubic feet

Oil reserve 3.2 billion barrels

Water resources19,000 cubic meter per

capita per year

Hydro power

potential100,000 mega watts

Forest 50% of land area

Precious stonesWorld top producer of

jade, rubies, sapphires.

Rich Natural Resource Endowment

14/10/2017

Agriculture and resources based ….Agro-based Industries

Major Industries

Food and Beverage industries,

Wood-based industries,

Textiles industries,

Heavy industries

Major Exports

Natural Gas and minerals

Rice,

Teak and Hard Woods,

Beans and Pulses, Rubber, Coffee,

Gems,

Marine Products

5

Major Economy

2011 2014

Agriculture 43% 37.1%

Services 36.6% 41.6%

Industry 20.5% 21.3%

Source: CIA World Fact book

6

major investment laws

Foreign Investment Law 2012

Special Economic Zone law 2011

Industrial Development in Myanmar

14/10/2017

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Foreign Investment Permitted Enterprises as of 30-9-2017

% (By Country) and % (by Sector)

Myanmar SMEs

8

Innovation and Use of Technology among Myanmar Firms

Innovation and Technology Efforts by Firm Size

and Sector (2012-2014)

Weakness of SMEs

10

Limited source of investment in SMEs sector

Still need to upgrade the products quality standard for international market

Difficulties in marketing, distribution ,connectivity, information & IT

Inadequate level of management Skill & technology ; Innovation, R & D

and Technology Transfer

Low level of productivity

Inadequate access to financing: Loan, Grant, Tax Concession, Fund, etc.

Increasing global and regional competitions

Limited Quality Infrastructure; Standards, Testing Laboratories,

Certification, Accreditation, Quality Marks

Lack of environmental awareness and knowledge

Central Committee for Development of SMEs

14/10/2017

Chairman: The President

“SMEs play an important role in the country’s economy development and are pioneers in creative entrepreneurships and …

(1/2017) meeting

Small and Medium Enterprise Development Policy (2015)

14/10/2017

Ministry of Science

and Technology

(October, 1996- March, 2016)

Ministry of Education

(April, 2016- Today)

With the aim of enhancing successful implementation of science and

technology (S&T) development programs, the State Law and Order

Restoration Council established the Ministry of Science and

Technology (MOST) on 2nd October 1996.

The premier agency mandated for S&T development in Myanmar

To promote research and development (R&D) programs, to develop

the national economy and to enhance production in industrial and

agricultural sectors by conducting applied research

To produce and nurture human resources

TU,CU,TVET,..

National Education Policy Commission (NEPC)

National Education Strategic Plan (NESP)

To produce and nurture human resources (TU, CU,TVET,…)

To conduct R&D - Department of Research andInnovation (DRI)

Organization for S&T in Myanmar

National Education Policy Commission

(NEPC)

Responsibilities to be performed by the commission include:

laying down national education targets and educational principles;

assignment of duties to newly-formed curriculum committee;

assessment committee for national education status and quality assurance;

consulting bodies for acquiring subvention from government and local administrative bodies;

policy making for acceptance of monetary aids and subsidies from home and abroad;

laying down policy on opening and closing schools;

submission of reports on 6-month activities to the PyidaungsuHluttaw and the Union Government.

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National Education Strategic Plan (NESP) (2016-2021)

14/10/2017

The Ministry of Education of Myanmarhas recently launched a new NationalEducation Strategic Plan (NESP) aimingto establish an accessible, equitableand effective national educationsystem over the next five years.

NESP Goal and Nine Transformation Shifts

Change in the STI system New legal framework: The STI Development Law (the Pyidaungsu

Hluttaw Law No. .. /….) has been replaced the previous Law

Change in the National R&D governance system: The National Council for Science, Technology and Innovation(NCSTI) Creation of Expert Committees

Creation of the National STI Fund

Creation of the Technology Transfer Center

15

Legal Framework for Science Technology

and Innovation

16

Technical Fields

MOE

S7, S9,

S11,

S12

MOEP

S4, S7,

S9, S11,

S12

MOM

S3, S12

MOEC

AF

S1, S2,

S12

MOL

S6

MOT

S1, S3,

S7, S12

MOSA

S2, S6,

S8, S11

National Science Technology and Innovation

Development Council

National STI Development

Foundation

National STI Working Committees

MOLF

RD

S1, S2,

S4, S12

MOS

T

S1 -S12

MOE

S1 - S12

MOIC

S5, S6,

S10, S11

MOAI

S1, S2,

S4, S6,

S12

MOC

S2, S4,

S6, S10

MOH

S2, S6,

S8,

MOI

S2, S3,

S6, S12

MOT

S2, S4,

S6, S10

UMFC

CI

S1, S3,

S5, S6,

S12

S10, S12

MEC/

MES

S1 -S12

MMA

S6, S8,

S9, S11

MCF

S5, S10,

S11,

S12

REAM

S4, S7,

S9

MGS

S2, S6,

S7

MAA

S6

S1 Agriculture, Lie-stock , Forestry , Biotechnology and Food

Technology

S7 Energy Resources and Application Technology

S2 Environment Conservation, Climate Change and Disaster Risk

Management Technology

S8 National Health and Medical Science

S3 Mineral Exploration, Metals and Materials Technology S9 Nuclear Technology

S4 Water Resources Application Technology S10 Marine, Aerospace and Space Science

Technology

S5 Communication, Information Technology and Electronics

Technology

S11 National Security and Technology

S6 Construction, Transportation and Public Safety Technology S12 Industrial Technology

Institutional Framework for STI system

Organization Chart (New) of MOE

1. Department of Higher Education (DHE)

2. Department of Basic Education(DBE)

3. Department of Technical Vocational Education Training

(DTVET)

4. Department of Alternative Education(DAE)

5. Department of Technological Promotion and

Cooperation(DTPC)

6. Department of Research and Innovation(DRI)

7. Department of Monitoring and Evaluation

(Education)(DM&E)

8. Department of Monitoring and Evaluation

(Research)(DM&E)

9. Department of Myanmar Examination14/10/2017

Yangon Campus

Renewable Energy & EC Research Centre

Chemical Technology Research Centre

National Analytical Laboratory

National Standardization and Quality Department

Head Office

Mandalay Campus

Biotechnology Research Department

Materials Science Research Department

Nay Pyi Taw Campus

Department of Research and Innovation (DRI)

Intellectual Property Division

Atomic Energy Division

DRI (MSTRD) was established by Law on Science and Technology Development (1994)

Ph.D

Master

Bachelor

Others

Ph.D : 229Master : 194Bachelor : 250Other : 32Total :505

32.5%

27.5%

35.5%

4.5%

Assistance Program of DRI for SMEs

Development

14/10/2017

Analysis &

Testing

Technology

transfer

Research &

Development

Policy

supportStandardization

and Quality

Cooperation

&

coordination

Incubators for

SME and industry

Intellectual

Property

Technical

support

Infrastructure

10 Areas

RE, EC, Food,

Water & Wastewater,,

Biotechnology,

Nanotechnology, Polymer

composites & Materials

Pharmaceutical..

Pilot Scale for Foaming Agent for Light Weight Concrete

(2014,2015)

Successful Stories for Technology Transfer

Technology Assistance Program to Food

SMEs (2016-2017)

14/10/2017

Demand based R&I Technical solution into Farms Technology transfer Training/ workshop/seminar

Recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine

In August 2006, WHO-GMP Standard Hepatitis B Vaccine Plant

including most of the scientists, and technical staff, materials,

machines and methods (Technologies) were handed-over to the

Myanmar Pharmaceutical Factory, Ministry of Industry (1) for

large scale production of Recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine.

Five Traditional Drugs

The technology on the production of five traditional drugs was

transferred to the Department of Traditional Medicine and to the

Myanmar Pharmaceutical Factory, Ministry of Industry for mass

production.

Successful Stories for Technology Transfer

Antidiabetic drug capsule

Antiamoebic drug capsule

Anti-hypertensive drug

Anti-plaque, anti-inflammatory drug for gingivitis

Purgative herb -.

23

Knowledge sharing in Science Fair in

Yangon University (30-12-2016)

14/10/2017

Materials

Characterization and

Testing

1. X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD)

2. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)

3. Arc Spark OES

4. Bomb Calorimeter For Fuel

5. Flash Point Analyzer

6. Creep Testing Machine

7. Surface Area and Pore size Analyzer

Chemical Analysis

1. Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

2. Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)

3. Ultra Violet Visible Spectrophotometer(UV/VIS/NIR )

4. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer(FTIR)

5. Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC)

6. Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer(STA)

Elemental Analysis

1. Atomic Absorption Spectrometer(AAS)

2. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer(ICP-OES)

3. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer(ICP-MS)

4. Carbon Sulphur Analyzer(C/S) Analyzer

5. Oxygen/Nitrogen/Hydrogen Analyzer(O/N/H Analyzer)

Microscopy

1. Auriga CrossBeam Workstation(FE-SEM)

2. Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM)

3. Automated AFM inspection system including Optical

Non-Destructive

Trsting

1. CT X-ray System (Fein Focus)

2. Phase Array Ultrasonic

3. X -ray Machine(Milifocus)

4. X -ray Machine(Portable)

5. Co-60(Radioactive Source)

6. Imaging Plate Scanner

National Analytical LaboratoryReference Laboratory for Chemical Analysis for import license

R&D Expenditures in Government

R&D Institutions

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015

R&

D E

xp

en

dit

ure

s

(Mil

lio

ns, K

yat)

25

• Government Budget• MOH, MOAI, MOLFRD, MOECAF and MOST are doing research works by International funding agencies

Source: MSTRD Survey (2014)

23,292

8,120

17,818

2002

0.016% of GDP

2012

0.04% of GDP

26

National72%

International21%

Patents2%

TT2%

Others3%

National papers : 7783

International papers : 2270

Number of patents : 198

TT/commercialization : 238

Others : 282

Total R&D Outputs (1996-2014)

Source: R&D outputs from different 11 ministries

SWOT Analysis of Public R&D Strengths Strategic geographic location

Large, youthful population

Rich in natural resources

Abundant agricultural resources to be

exploited for productivity improvement

Growing food processing industry

Recent attempts to focus government

policy on innovation-related R&D growth

OpportunitiesPotential of renewable energy

Potential of investment in a range of

sectors

Greater interaction between

multinationals and SMEs

Scope for making public sector R&D

more relevant to industry needs

S&T parks and industrial parks

Private sector initiatives in improved

production and marketing can be

scaled up

Weaknesses Inadequate infrastructure

Absence of a strategic roadmap and master

plan for STI

Absence of R&D management organization

No National research funding agency

Weakness in plan to encourage R&D for SME

development

Weak linkage among Uni-R -I

Treats Growing competition from emerging

ASEAN economies and China

Inadequate incentives for innovation-

friendly FDI

Lack of adequate financial support

Lack of capacity building, skilful

workers and manpower shortage

Lack of monitoring and evaluation on

R&D system27

28

Integrated resources planning approach practices on country energy

sector development

Solar Photovoltaic System components manufacturing for some

particular designs of solar home system, Community Street light

System, Small scale pumping System, Hybrid with Water Storage

System

Various types of Micro-hydro turbines and system components

including controllers and power management system appliances of

transformers, meters and system-synchronizers for off-grid

decentralized power systems establishment

Biomass fueled efficient stoves manufacturing, market promotion

& investment

Bio-gasification process for electrification and pollution-control

techniques input investment

Needs for New and Renewable Energy

Development

14/10/2017

Link research and Innovation policy to National socio-

economic development plan

S&T awareness and dialog among stakeholders in the

innovation system needs to be further developed.

National R& Innovation Policy

National STI strategic plan

R& D management system (…… DM&E (research))

R&D funding system

Development of STI Parks and incubation centres

FDI and technology transfer

Requirements of Framework conditions for

overall governance of STI

14/10/2017

To encourage innovation in the form of grants, R&D funds, award, tax

concession and special privileges to those SMEs that show enthusiasm and

ability in R&D;

SME supporting innovation system

To establish and encourage linkages among universities, R&D centers and

technology incubators;

To strengthen collaboration between these R&D institutions and SMEs

University-industry-Research Institution collaboration

To form R&D databases, specialized centers and linkages among resource

persons and researchers in accordance with their specialization;

International linkage and International university-industry-government

collaborations in R&D

Requirements of Framework conditions for

overall governance of STI (cont’)

Expected Fields for Cooperation

National R& Innovation Policy

Incubation Center Establishment

Technology Transfer and Commercialization

SME supporting innovation system

Talent Mobility &D Collaboration Program

Seminars/Training WorkshopJoint Research Exchange programScholarship ProgrammeNetwork Programme

Ways of Cooperation

Cooperation Demand to address STI

challenges

Thank you very much for your kind attention!32