The Atlantic World

1492-1800

The Voyages of ColumbusWhat we know What we want to know What we learned

Columbus Sets SailEmbarks from Spain in 1492

3 Ships-The NinaThe PintaThe Santa Maria

Instead of sailing south around Africa then east, Columbus sails west across the Atlantic in search of an alternate trade route to Asia

Columbus Finds LandFirst sees land on October 12, 1492

Columbus lands on an island in the Bahamas

Claims the island for Spain, calls it San Salvador

Meets the inhabitants-calls them los indios*we still today mistakenly refer to

Native Americans as Indians

What observations does Columbus make in his journal of the natives?

Columbus Returns to SpainReturns to Spain in early 1493 with six of the los indios

Spain agrees to finance threemore trips to the west

Columbus makes his 2nd trip inSeptember, 1493

-fleet of 17 ships-over 1,000 soldiers, crewmen, colonists

Chapter 20: TermsColonies: lands that are controlled by another nation

A group of people leave their native country to settle in a new land

The Voyages of ColumbusWhat we know What we want to know What we learned

Other Explorers Take to the SeasAmerigo VespucciAlso an Italian (who else was Italian?)Sailed for Portugal

Traveled along the coast of South America and claimed that it was a “new land” not Asia

In 1507, a German mapmaker named the “new land” America in honor of Amerigo Vespucci

Other Explorers Take to the Seas Ferdinand Magellan Convinced the king of Spain to fund a voyage to the Pacific Ocean which was yet to be explored

-set sail in 1519-5 ships, 250 men-reached the Philippines where Magellan dies

18 men and one ship make it back to Spain in 1522, the first people to sail around the world

AZTEC NEWS AssignmentYou will be working in teams

Your team should have:

1 (or 2) news anchors An Aztec citizen

An Aztec warrior A Conquistador

You will need to research and prepare a news broadcast of the events of the conquests of the Aztecs from 1519 to 1521

Groups will present their broadcasts to the class on Thursday, October 6th. Broadcasts/presentations must be between 5 and 8 minutes and will be timed.

Teams will be graded on their preparedness, the relevance of the questions in the broadcast, and the accuracy of their answers. Extra credit will be given for theatricality

AZTEC NEWS AssignmentNews Anchors: Prepare a minimum of three questions for each of the guests on your news broadcast (an Aztec Citizen, an Aztec warrior, and a Spanish Conquistador)

Aztec Government Official: You will be speaking regarding the possible reasons for the conquests and its effects on the cities

Aztec Warrior: You will be speaking regarding fighting techniques and outcomes of the conquests

Conquistador: You will be speaking regarding fighting techniques and outcomes of the conquests

Keep in mind the 5 W’s of journalism: Who, What, Where, When, and Why

Cortez Conquers the Aztecs Questions/Keywords Notes

Summary

Chapter 20: TermsConquistadors: (conquerors)Spanish explorers in the new world

Conquered much of the Americas for Spain and Portugal

Created colonies in Mexico, South America and the United States

The Aztec Empire: A Quick ReviewThe Aztec EmpirePopulation: 200,000 to 400,00 in the early 1500’s

Built a central city with palaces, temples, and government buildings

Had “floating gardens” which produced large amounts of food to feed the large population

Had other goods such as cotton, gold, and jade

Spanish Conquests in MexicoHernando CortesA Spanish explorer

Lands on the shore of Mexico in 1519

Marches inland looking to conquer more new land for Spain

Cortez Conquers the AztecsCortez learns of the wealth and gold of the Aztecs- marches with his men to their capital

Montezuma sees Cortez in armor and thinks he is a god- shares his gold supply with Cortez

Cortez Conquers the AztecsIn 1521 Cortez and his men conquer the Aztecs even though they were extremely outnumbered

How does he do this??

Cortez Conquers the Aztecs1. Superior weaponry: swords, muskets, and

cannons vs. bow and arrows

2. Allies other native groups: resented the Aztecs for heavy taxes and harsh practices

3. Aztecs had no immunity to European diseases: mumps, measles, smallpox, typhus

Spanish Conquests in PeruFrancisco PizarroA Spanish Conquistador

Traveled with about 200 men to conquer land in SouthAmerica

Conquered the Incan Empirein peru

Spanish Conquests in PeruFrancisco Pizarro

Called for a meeting with the Incans- ambushed them and killed all but the Incan Ruler Atahualpa

Kidnapped Atahualpa - asks for a ransom

Spanish Conquests in PeruFrancisco Pizarro

Incans gave a large sum of wealth (gold and silver) in exchange for Atahualpa’s release

After receiving the ransom, Pizzaro killing Atahualpa

Spanish Conquests in PeruFrancisco Pizarro

After killing the Incan king, Pizzaro marched to the Incan capital, Cuzco, and captures in without struggle in 1533

Spain’s Pattern of Conquest1.A _________ population developed as Spanish

men developed relationships with native women.

2.What is encomienda?

3.How did Spanish rulers promise they would treat workers? How did they treat their workers?

Spain’s Pattern of Conquest1. A _________ population developed as Spanish men developed

relationships with native women.

mestizo

2. What is encomienda?

A system where natives farmed, ranched, or mined for Spanish landlords

3. How did Spanish rulers promise they would treat workers? How did they treat their workers?

They promised to treat workers fairly and with respect. They abused the natives and worked many laborers to death.

Chapter 20: TermsEncomienda: A grant of land made by Spain to settlers in the Americas and the right to use Native Americans as laborers on the land

Mestizo:A person of mixed Spanish and Native American Ancestry

Spain’s Pattern of Conquest1.Who was Bartolome de Las Casas and what did he

find deplorable?

2. What was Las Casas solution to labor needs after the encomienda system was abolished in 1542?

3. Spain was driven out of Mexico in 1680; however, at this time they had far greater concers. What were their concerns?

Spain’s Pattern of Conquest1. Who was Bartolome de Las Casas and what did he find

deplorable?

A Dominican monk. The encomienda system

2. What was Las Casas solution to labor needs after the encomienda system was abolished in 1542?

African slaves, who he believed to be harder workers

3. Spain was driven out of Mexico in 1680; however, at this time they had far greater concers. What were their concerns?

Other nations of Europe who had begun to build their own colonies in the Americas