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BIOENGINEERING: The use of living plant materials to stabilize
streambanksMost bioengineering gives Mother Nature a
jump start (plant those native species, tall, short, fast growing, slow growing, etc.)
THE BENT WILLOW POLE METHOD• A John McCullah invention• This technique is used to integrate large willow poles
behind (landward of) a riprap protection scheme• Poles can be laid on the bank (butt ends in water or
vaidose zone), covered with riprap, then the upper ends bent to a vertical position, then rocks wedged behind pole to keep pole oriented vertically
• Allows willows to grow in some areas (UP BANK) where naturally it might be too dry for vigorous willow growth
Mini case study: 1 of 25
This method invented by
John McCullah!
From: www.E-SenSS.com Self-Filtering Stone can be used in this
application
Riprap can also be soil choked, seeded, planted Mini case study: 3 of 25
LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated
Grade the bank to the appropriate angle
Mini case study: 4 of 25Locked Logs (not used in John’s example) would be angled downstream 30 degrees
Option
LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated
Grade the bank to the appropriate angle
Mini case study: 5 of 25
Horizontal Root Wads can also be used, flow should be straight into the root wad (in compression)
Option
LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated
Install gravel-cobble granular
filter
Mini case study: 6 of 25
LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated
Install willow poles (to be used as the Bent Willow Pole Method)
Mini case study: 7 of 25
The Bent Willow Pole Method installation-slope bank & lay willow poles in place
Pix from John McCullah Mini case study: 8 of 25
LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated
Start to install riprap
Mini case study: 9 of 25
LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated
Bent Willow Pole Method (underlying willow bent up,
then next stone placed)
More riprap
Mini case study: 10 of 25
LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated
Bent Willow Pole Method
Mini case study: 11 of 25
The Bent Willow Pole Method-bend willows up, install stone, then bend next higher row of
willows, add stone.
Pix from John McCullahMini case study: 12 of 25
LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated
More riprap
Mini case study: 13 of 25
LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated
Bent Willow Pole Method
Mini case study: 14 of 25
The Bent Willow Pole Method-8 months after installation
Pix from John McCullah Mini case study: 15 of 25
The Bent Willow Pole Method-after 4 growing seasons, note fence was
removed
Pix from John McCullah
Mini case study: 16 of 25
The Bent Willow Pole Method during a high
flow event-Dec 27, 2006
Pix from John McCullah
Mini case study: 17 of 25
The Bent Willow Pole Method June 1, 2008
Pix from Dave Derrick
Mini case study: 18 of 25
Cottonwood from live stake
The Bent Willow Pole Method June 1, 2008, close-up of willows
Pix from Dave Derrick
Mini case study: 19 of 25
POSSIBLE VARIATIONPlant some rooted-stock trees &
shrubs within riprap area (in addition to the Bent Willow Poles)
Mini case study: 20 of 25
LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated
Install Brush Layering
Mini case study: 21 of 25
LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated
Install rooted-sto
ck plants
Mini case study: 22 of 25
LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated
Soil-choke riprap
Mini case study: 23 of 25
LPSTP weighted toe with paved midbank– Upper bank sloped & vegetated
Hydroseed all disturbed areas
Mini case study: 24 of 25
MAKE IT A SHOWCASE!!• Anything that should be along the stream corridor that is
missing?• Diversity: native plant assemblage (large variety of species
and age)• Native plants to out-compete non-natives? • Wildlife / bird attractors-nesting• Food sources: native pear-apple, crabapple, oak, berries • Vines? Ground cover? Trumpet vines? • Hummingbirds - butterflies - pollinators-insect attractors?• Year round color: budding trees in spring (dogwood,
redbud,) colorful flowering plants in summer (native azaleas, mountain laurel), fall and winter color (maples), trees that have unusual colored leaves-berries in fall winter?
• Good urban plants? Pollution tolerant?
Adventitious Rooting Plants(when trunk or branches are in contact with soil the plant will sprout roots)
• Banker’s Willow- Salix x cottetii, Streamco Willow- Salix purpurea, Black Willow- Salix nigra, Pussy Willow- Salix discolor, & Crack, Autumn etc.
• Red Osier Dogwood- Cornus stolonifera• Silky Dogwood- Cornus amomum• Buttonbush- Cephalanthus occidentalis• Sycamore- Platanus occidentalis• Cottonwood- Populus deltoides• Box Elder- Acer negundo• Speckled Elder-(bark was scarred)- Alnus rugosa• Elderberry- Sambucus Canadensis• Elm- Ulmus Americana• Bois d'arc, Mock Orange, Bow Wood, Hedge Apple, Horse Apple, Osage Orange- all
are Maclura pomifera. • River Birch- (Betula nigra)• Black Locust- (Robinia psedoacacia) • Northern Catalpa- (Catalpa speciosa) • Mulefat- (Baccharis salicifolia)
Anyone know of any others???
ADVENTITIOUS ROOTING PLANTS NEED TO BE PLANTED WHEN THE
PLANTS ARE DORMANT {AFTER THE LEAVES
HAVE DROPPED & BEFORE THE LEAF BUDS APPEAR
IN THE SPRING}
This PowerPoint presentation was developed & built by Dave Derrick.
Any questions or comments, call my personal cell @ 601-218-7717, or email @ [email protected]
Enjoy the information!!