THE BEST THING ABOUT THE FUTURE IS THAT IT COMES ONLY ONE DAY AT A TIME : OUR ROLES IN DEVELOPING 21ST-CENTURY DATA INFRASTRUCTURES Erin Stalberg Director

THE BEST THING ABOUT THE FUTURE IS THAT IT COMES ONLY ONE DAY AT A TIME : OUR ROLES IN DEVELOPING 21ST-CENTURY DATA INFRASTRUCTURES

Erin StalbergDirector of Discovery and AccessMount Holyoke CollegeLibrary, Information, and Technology [email protected] Library AssociationFarmington, CTNovember 15, 2012

Agenda

• Changing approaches to metadata creation• Common library metadata standards and our roles in

their creation/implementation/application• Where are we now?• Where are we headed?• What is our role?

Changing Approaches to Metadata Creation

• The Library Model– Trained catalogers, one-at-a-time metadata records

• The User Submission Model– Authors create metadata when submitting resources

• The Automated Model– Automated tools create metadata for resources

• Combination Models• Mash-up Models

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The Library Model

• Records created “by hand,” one at a time

• Shared documentation and content standards (AACR2, etc.)

• Efficiencies achieved by sharing information on commonly held resources

• Not easily extended past the granularity assumptions in current practice

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The User Submission Model

• Based on author or user generated metadata

• Can be wildly inconsistent– Submitters generally untrained– May be expert in one area, less so in others

• Often requires editing support for usability

• Inexpensive, but not generally satisfactory as an only option

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The Automated Model

• Based largely on text analysis; does not usually extend well to non-text or low-text

• Requires development of appropriate evaluation and editing processes

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Combination Models

• The Submission Model + library staff cleanup• The Submission Model + automated cleanup

– We have many years of experience of this managing DSpace and other institutional repositories; harvesting via OAIster.

• The Automated Model + library staff cleanup• The Automated Model + automated cleanup

– We have many years of experience of this with publisher data; starting with publisher data and cleaning it up manually and/or with tools such as MarcEdit or perl scripts.

The Mashup Models

• Take the data as you get it and use it/trust it (or not) based on it’s provenance– Just like social media

• Linked data• Create/manage statements, not records• Metadata should be actionable, not just descriptive

(transcriptive)• In order for metadata to be actionable, we need (more and)

reliable identifiers

Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/

Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/

Bound elements

• 245 10 Posters of Paris : ǂb Toulouse-Lautrec & his contemporaries / ǂc by Mary Weaver Chapin.– 035 (OCoLC)768166331– 710 2 Milwaukee Art Museum.– 710 2 Dallas Museum of Art.– 500 This catalogue has been published on the occasion of the exhibition Posters of

Paris: Toulouse-Lautrec and His Contemporaries, Milwaukee Art Museum, June 1-September 9, 2012 and Dallas Museum of Art, October 14, 2012-January 20, 2013.

• 245 00 Jazz. ǂn Part 3. ǂp Our Language ǂh [electronic resource] / ǂc Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.).– 035 (OCoLC)764339484– 505 0 Individual Jazz Geniuses (5:15) -- Louis Armstrong (2:44) -- Louis Armstrong:

Scatting (5:20) -- Sing Like the Devil (6:00) -- Sing Like the Devil -- Blues (4:15) -- Sing Like the Devil -- Jazz Age (1:14) -- Bix (12:28) -- The Most Dog (4:29) -- The Most Dog -- Sidney Bechet in Europe (4:17) -- The Most Dog -- Benny Goodman (51:48) …

Bound elements

• 245 00 Goodfellas ǂh [videorecording] / ǂc Warner Bros. presents an Irwin Winkler production, a Martin Scorsese picture ; produced by Irwin Winkler ; screenplay by Nicholas Pileggi & Martin Scorsese ; directed by Martin Scorsese.– 035 (OCoLC)55944757– 700 1 Pileggi, Nicholas. ǂt Wiseguy.– 500 Based on the book "Wiseguy" by Nicholas Pileggi.

• 245 00 Current abstracts of chemistry.– 035 (OCoLC)3309595– 785 17 ‡t Index chemicus (Philadelphia, Pa. : 1977) ‡ x 0160-1482 ‡ w (DLC) 83642997– 785 17 ‡t Current abstracts of chemistry and index chemicus (Philadelphia, Pa : 1978)

‡ x 0161-455X ‡ w (DLC) 83642299– 580 Merged with: Index chemicus (Philadelphia, Pa. : 1977), to form: Current abstracts

of chemistry and index chemicus (Philadelphia, Pa : 1978).– 785 _7 = Merged with ____ to form ____

The Cataloging Puzzle

Format Standards

(MARC/MODS/DC)

Content Standards

(AACR2/RDA/CCO)

Encoding Syntaxes(MARC/XML)

Controlled Vocabularies

(LCSH/AAT/MARC Code Lists)

Indexing Display

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source: RDA, http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/jsc/docs/5editor2.pdf



COMMON LIBRARY METADATA STANDARDS AND OUR ROLES IN THEIR CREATION / IMPLEMENTATION / APPLICATION

Seeing Standards: a Visualiziation of the Metadata University, by Jenn Riley. http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/metadatamap/seeingstandards.pdf

Metadata Standards

• Content Standards• Schemas (a.k.a. Formats or Element Sets)– Set of semantic properties, in this context used to describe

resources

• Syntaxes– The structural wrapping around the semantics– Essential for moving information around

*

Content Standards

• AACR2 has functioned as the content standard for traditional cataloging

• Most non-MARC metadata standards do not make specific references to content standards, though some have “guidelines” for content

• Resource Description and Access– http://www.rdatoolkit.org/

• Cataloging Cultural Objects (Visual Resources Association)– http://cco.vrafoundation.org/

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Common Library Format Standards

• MARC 21 (http://www.loc.gov/marc)

• MARCXML (http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/)

• Dublin Core (http://dublincore.org)

– Simple and Qualified• MODS (http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods) • TEI (http://www.tei-c.org/)

• VRA Core (http://www.vraweb.org/)

• ONIX for Books (http://www.editeur.org/onix.html)

• EAD (http://www.loc.gov/ead/)

*

MARC21

• A MARC record involves three elements: – the record structure– the content designation– the data content of the record

• Legacy MARC21 record structure is 50 years old, based on assumptions of efficient storage, etc.

• What you see online is display convention, not the legacy record structure.

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02158cam 2200349Ia 4500001001300000003000600013005001700019006001900036006001900055007001500074008004100089040002000130020001500150043002100165049000900186245011900195246002500314260006500339538003000404506003800434536015300472520076400625505009401389500008601483600004901569650004001618651003901658651002301697700002601720856005001746994001201796ocm56835268 OCoLC20060118051017.0m d szx w s 0 2cr mn---------041028m20049999vau st 000 0 eng d aVA@cVA@dOCLCQ a0813922917 an-us---an-us-va aVA@@04aThe Dolley Madison digital editionh[electronic resource] :bletters 1788-June 1836 /cedited by Holly C. Shulman. iAlso known as:aDMDE aCharlottesville, Va. :bUniversity of Virginia Press,c2004- aMode of access: Internet. aSubscription required for access. aRotunda editions are made possible by generous grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the President's Office of the University of Virginia. aDolley Payne Madison was the most important First Lady of the nineteenth century. The DMDE will be the first-ever complete edition of all of her known correspondence, gathered in an XML-based archive. It will ultimately include close to 2,500 letters. From the scattered correspondence were gathered letters that have never been previously published. The range and scope of the collection makes this edition an important scholarly contribution to the literature of the early republic, women's history, and the institution of the First Lady. These letters present Dolley Madison's trials and triumphs and make it possible to gain admittance to her mind and her private emotions and to understand the importance of her role as the national capital's First Lady.0 aGeneral introduction -- Biographical introduction -- Introduction to the digital edition. aTitle from the opening screen; description based on the display of Oct. 21, 2004.10aMadison, Dolley,d1768-1849vCorrespondence. 0aPresidents' spouseszUnited States. 0aUnited StatesxHistoryy1801-1809. 0aVirginiaxHistory.1 aShulman, Holly Cowan.40uhttp://rotunda.upress.virginia.edu/dmde/ aC0bVA@

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02158cam 2200349Ia 4500001001300000003000600013005001700019006001900036006001900055007001500074008004100089040002000130020001500150043002100165049000900186245011900195246002500314260006500339538003000404506003800434536015300472520076400625505009401389500008601483600004901569650004001618651003901658651002301697700002601720856005001746994001201796ocm56835268 OCoLC20060118051017.0m d szx w s 0 2cr mn---------041028m20049999vau st 000 0 eng d aVA@cVA@dOCLCQ a0813922917 an-us---an-us-va aVA@@04aThe Dolley Madison digital editionh[electronic resource] :bletters 1788-June 1836 /cedited by Holly C. Shulman. iAlso known as:aDMDEaCharlottesville, Va. :bUniversity of Virginia Press,c2004- aMode of access: Internet. aSubscription required for access. aRotunda editions are made possible by generous grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the President's Office of the University of Virginia. aDolley Payne Madison was the most important First Lady of the nineteenth century. The DMDE will be the first-ever complete edition of all of her known correspondence, gathered in an XML-based archive. It will ultimately include close to 2,500 letters. From the scattered correspondence were gathered letters that have never been previously published. The range and scope of the collection makes this edition an important scholarly contribution to the literature of the early republic, women's history, and the institution of the First Lady. These letters present Dolley Madison's trials and triumphs and make it possible to gain admittance to her mind and her private emotions and to understand the importance of her role as the national capital's First Lady.0 aGeneral introduction -- Biographical introduction -- Introduction to the digital edition. aTitle from the opening screen; description based on the display of Oct. 21, 2004.10aMadison, Dolley,d1768-1849vCorrespondence. 0aPresidents' spouseszUnited States. 0aUnited StatesxHistoryy1801-1809. 0aVirginiaxHistory.1 aShulman, Holly Cowan.40uhttp://rotunda.upress.virginia.edu/dmde/ aC0bVA@

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Dublin Core: Simple

• http://dublincore.org/• Fifteen elements• Controlled vocabulary values may be expressed, but

not the sources of the values• Used also as: – core element set in some other schemas – switching vocabulary for more complex schemas for cross-

searching diverse collections

*

Dublin Core: Simple Element SetContributor Coverage

Creator Date

Description Format

Identifier Language

Publisher Relation

Rights Source

Subject Title

Type

The One-to-One Principle

“In general Dublin Core metadata describes one manifestation or version of a resource, rather than assuming that manifestations stand in for one another. For instance, a jpeg image of the Mona Lisa has much in common with the original painting, but it is not the same as the painting. As such the digital image should be described as itself, most likely with the creator of the digital image as Creator or Contributor, rather than the painter of the original Mona Lisa. The relationship between the metadata for the original and the reproduction is part of the metadata description, and assists the user in determining whether he or she needs to go to the Louvre for the original, or whether his/her need can be met by a reproduction.”

--Dublin Core Principles

*

MODS

• http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/• MODS: Metadata Object Description Schema

Derivative of MARC 21, uses a subset of MARC elements– Documentation refers to MARC definitions for most

properties

• Created by the Library of Congress Network Development and MARC Standards Office

• Uses textual rather than numeric tags

*

MADS

• http://www.loc.gov/standards/mads/• MADS: Metadata Authority Description Schema• XML schema for an authority element set to provide

metadata about agents (people, organizations), events, and terms (topics, geographics, genres, etc.).

• Companion to MODS to provide metadata about the authoritative entities used in MODS descriptions.– Created by the Library of Congress Network Development

and MARC Standards Office– Uses textual rather than numeric tags

Text Encoding Initiative (TEI)

• http://www.tei-c.org• Consortium of institutions and research projects which

collectively maintains and develops guidelines for the representation of texts in digital form. • Includes representation of title

pages, chapter breaks, tables of contents, as well as poetry, plays, charts, etc. • The TEI file contains a “header”

that holds metadata about the digital file & about the original source.

*

ONIX

• http://www.editeur.org/11/Books/• ONline Information eXchange• Developed and is maintained by EDItEUR, jointly with Book

Industry Communication (UK) and the Book Industry Study Group (U.S.)

• Originally devised to simplify the provision of book product information to online retailers

• Includes marketing & shipping oriented information: jacket blurb and photos, full size, weight info, etc.

• ONIX for serials: http://www.editeur.org/17/ONIX-for-Serials/

VRA Core

• http://www.loc.gov/standards/vracore/• http://www.vraweb.org/projects/vracore4• Hosted by LC in partnership with the Visual Resources Association• Data standard for the description

of works of visual culture as well as the images that document them.

• Consists of a metadata element set and an initial blueprint for how those elements can be hierarchically structured.

credit: K. Edward Lay

+

VRA Core

• “Core 4 is built around three record types, Work, Image, and Collection. A Work is a unique event or object of cultural production (a building, a vase, a painting, a performance). An Image is the visual representation of the object or event, in part or in whole (a digital image of an artwork, a photograph of a building). In Core 4, a Work and an Image each have their own record. These records are related with the Relation attribute. The third record type, Collection, allows for collection-level cataloging of groups of materials such as groups of works or groups of images.”

EAD

• http://www.loc.gov/ead/• Encoded Archival Description. standard for archival finding aids• Describes the collection and the detailed contents• Encoded Archival Context (EAC): – http://eac.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/– for Corporate Bodies,

Persons, and Families– Provides a grammar

for encoding names of creators of archival materials and related information.

XML

• Extensible Markup Language• A metamarkup language: has no fixed tags or

elements• Strict grammar imposes structure designed to be

read by machines• Two levels of conformance:– well-formed--conforms to general grammar rules– valid--conforms to particular XML schema or DTD

(document type definition)

*

Namespace Anatomy Lesson

xmlns:dc=”http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/”

XML Namespace

Namespace Prefix

Namespace Identifier

*

XML Anatomy Lesson

<marc:subfield code="a">Metadata in practice /</marc:subfield>

Attribute

End Tag

ContentElement

Name

Start Tag

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Crosswalking

• “Crosswalks support conversion projects and semantic interoperability to enable searching across heterogeneous distributed databases. Inherently, there are limitations to crosswalks; there is rarely a one-to-one correspondence between the fields or data elements in different information systems.”– Mary Woodley, “Crosswalks: The Path to Universal Access?”

Introduction to Metadata (2000).

*

MyFormat MARCXML Dublin Core

MODS TEI ONIX VRA Core EAD

titleMain marc:datafield tag="245“

marc:subfield code="a"

title mods:titleInfo

mods:title

titleStmt

title type="main"

TitleDetail

TitleElement TitleText

titleSet

titlePref=“true”

Titlestmt

titleproper

titleSub marc:datafield tag="245“

marc:subfield code=“b"

mods:titleInfo

mods:subtitle

titleStmt

title type=“sub"

TitleDetail

TitleElement

Subtitle

titleSort?? ……………………………RUN SCREAMING!!!

Our roles heretofore

• Library standards development• Choosing the standard for our institution

– (only sort of)

• Implementation at our institution• Determining best practices to keep our data consistent and

coherent• Crosswalking to our internal storage format• Creating some data; moving around a lot of data• Maintaining our local data over time

– (Banging our heads against walls)

Preferred Title: The Dust Bowl : an illustrated history / by Dayton Duncan ; with a preface by Ken Burns ; picture research by Aileen Silverstone and Susan Shumaker.

Other Titles:

The Dust Bowl : an illustrated historyDust Bowl : an illustrated historyDust Bowl

ISBN: 9781452107943

Notes: "Based on a film by Ken Burns, produced by Dayton Duncan, Ken Burns, and Julie Dunfey, written by Dayton Duncan.“

-- MHC permalinkIn this riveting chronicle, which accompanies a documentary to be broadcast on PBS in the fall, Dayton Duncan and Ken Burns capture the profound drama of the American Dust Bowl of the 1930s. Terrifying photographs …

-- GoogleA very telling comment from one of the survivors of the Dust Bowl was that the dust got everywhere in their home and it was impossible to stop it blowing in. Homes are rightly regarded as safe havens once inside …

-- Amazon customer review

Subjects: • Dust Bowl Era, 1931-1939 via WorldCat• Great Plains -- History -- 20th century via WorldCat• Farmers via LibraryThing• American History via LibraryThing

Preferred Title: The Dust Bowl : an illustrated history / by Dayton Duncan ; with a preface by Ken Burns ; picture research by Aileen Silverstone and Susan Shumaker.

Other Titles:

The Dust Bowl : an illustrated historyDust Bowl : an illustrated historyDust Bowl

ISBN: 9781452107943

Expand your knowledge!

Holdings: •Your Library | WorldCat | Google Books Related works:•The Dust Bowl (PBS Documentary)More from/about Duncan Dayton:•Wikipedia | Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)More from/about Ken Burns:•Wikipedia | IMDB | Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)Learn more about the subject:•Dust Bowl via WikipediaFind other books on the subject:•Dust Bowl Era, 1931-1939 via WorldCat•Great Plains -- History -- 20th century via WorldCatReader reviews:•Via Amazon | Via LibraryThing

WHERE ARE WE NOW?

… DEFINE NOW?

… OR WHAT RDA TAUGHT NCSU ABOUT NEEDING A POST-MARC STANDARD

NCSU Context

• RapidCat in Acquisitions• Coming through M&C:

– Materials that bounce out from RapidCat(complex copy, variant editions, full originals)

– Materials that are not purchased(i.e. gifts, NCSU digital collections, librarian-selected websites)

– Materials that are not bought title-by-title(i.e. e-journals, e-books, patron-driven)

Metadata & Cataloging @ NCSU

• About 5% of NCSU MARC cataloging is Original• Much of that is new editions and/or electronic derived from

print• NCSU is not a participant in the PCC• MLS holding librarians are doing (next to) no cataloging• Support staff are doing all copy AND original cataloging and

both MARC and non-MARC cataloging

• Policy setting v. use of catalogers judgment• Alternatives/optional omissions/optional deletions– To follow LC or not to follow LC?

• Relationship designators• Rule of 3• Criteria for upgrading copy & Deriving records

Local Policy Development @ NCSU

NCSU U.S. RDA Test Statistics

• Common set original: 25• Common set copy:

– met NCSU criteria for upgrade: 4– did not meet NCSU criteria for upgrade: 1

• Extra set: 462– MARC Original: 390 (included 201 ETDs)– MARC Copy: 62– MODS: 10

• NCSU was the 5th highest record creator

Record creation times at the end of the test period:15-40 minutes for original book cataloging

5-20 minutes for copy book cataloging

These times match NCSU’s existing local data for AACR2 book record creation.

75% of NCSU catalogers showed increased rapidity in record creation over the course of the test.

Average time per record decreased 40% by the end of the test.

For books, ebooks and ejournals we noted a steady decrease in record creation time

The majority of print serials were cataloged by 3 individuals and despite repeat cataloging, time to catalog did not decrease much over time. We have no idea why.

NCSU Timing Analysis

NCSU Survey Results

• Do you think that the US community should implement RDA?

– NCSU Institutional Questionnaire: Yes– NCSU Individual Record Creator Surveys:• Yes: 6• Yes, with changes: 10• No: 0

“Because this was my first RDA bibliographic record I checked everything I could find in the RDA toolkit. I learned a lot in training but not comfortable yet. I did a lot of second guessing my cataloger's judgment.” – NCSU cataloger

“I would also like to add that it is disappointing to see that the rules of RDA are expressed/explained in the Toolkit no better than they are in AACR2.” – NCSU cataloger

“The relator codes are not as easy to apply as I thought they would be ... before actually creating a record, I had thought they would be straightforward and easy to assign. Not so much.” – NCSU cataloger

“I think our local training was confusing regarding relator codes for distinguishing between a name (RDA 9.15) and relationship designators (Appendix I).” – NCSU cataloger

“The resource was a distinctively titled, annual issue of a particular section of a newspaper. The Toolkit was not very helpful in this situation. I did a search on supplements but was more concerned with the MARC21 fields to use and the ISBD punctuation. I relied on my prior knowledge of CONSER standards for my approach to the cataloging of this resource. As for the RDA components of the cataloging, I tried to pay special attention to the transcription fields and the 3XX fields.” – NCSU cataloger

“Many of the rules for the handling of Conferences as serials were developed by CONSER and there should be some reference to what rules have been updated and which are still subject to CONSER description.” – NCSU cataloger

“I had difficulty determining what rules came into play when deciding on access points. I decided to include several names in the statement of responsibility for completeness sake, but I didn't feel that they merited access points. RDA training I received seemed to indicate that this was acceptable, and conferring with a co-worker yielded the same conclusion, but I was unable to find a clear reference in the toolkit stating what should and should not be considered for an access point. – NCSU cataloger

“A little Latin never hurt anyone.” – NCSU cataloger

“After we had spent some time in the testing phase, our cataloging department discussed some of the challenges of working the RDA Toolkit and RDA in general. In many ways it seemed like a FRBR-friendly system like RDA was appreciated, but it seemed that MARC did not easily accommodate FRBR concepts. Solutions were proposed, many of which seemed to involve adding a layer of documentation that would help crosswalk RDA to MARC. But these measures seem time-consuming and the results seem questionable given the differences in how a MARC record is designed to hold data and how RDA would have us think about data. The concepts in RDA seem sound, and for our non-MARC cataloging, I could see its application, especially if we are designing our data structure with RDA/FRBR in mind, but as long as we continue to use MARC as our primary method of recording our metadata, I would question the utility of RDA in most of our day-to-day cataloging unless better tools integrating MARC and RDA were available.” – NCSU cataloger

Issues that Arose

• The distinction between encoding standards & content standards is not well understood.

• Particular MARC issues for RDA– 505 Contents Notes– Accompanying material– Closed/open vocabularies– Lack of technology support system

• to make work/expression/manifestation distinctions efficient.• to make encoding relationships efficient• to re-use data

Issues that Arose

• Particular MARC issues for RDA– Difficulty in encoding relationships:

• 245 00 Goodfellas ǂh [videorecording] / ǂc Warner Bros. presents an Irwin Winkler production, a Martin Scorsese picture ; produced by Irwin Winkler ; screenplay by Nicholas Pileggi & Martin Scorsese ; directed by Martin Scorsese.– 035 (OCoLC)55944757– 700 1 Pileggi, Nicholas. ǂt Wiseguy.– 500 Based on the book "Wiseguy" by Nicholas Pileggi.– And related people … Nicholas Pileggi was married to Nora Ephron

– Lack of good identifiers, need to create actionable relationships between resources with identifier-based links

– “MARC may hinder the separation of elements and ability to use URIs in a linked data environment.” http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/rda/source/rdatesting-finalreport-20june2011.pdf (page 8)

Our roles if we implement RDA in MARC

• Library standards development• Choosing the standard for our institution• Choosing the implementation time for our institution• Determining best practices to keep our data consistent and

coherent• Crosswalking for display• Creating some data; moving around a lot of data• Maintaining our local data over time

– Banging our heads against walls when external data sources changed

WHERE ARE WE HEADED?

Bibliographic Framework Transition

• “The Library of Congress has launched a review of the bibliographic framework to better accommodate future needs … to determine a transition path for the MARC 21 exchange format in order to reap the benefits of newer technology while preserving a robust data exchange that has supported resource sharing and cataloging cost savings in recent decades.”

• Carried out in consultation with the format's formal partners -- Library and Archives Canada, the British Library, the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, other agencies, user institutions, and the MARC advisory committees.

• LC contracted with Zepheira in May 2012 to translate the MARC 21 format to a Linked Data (LD) model while retaining as much as possible the robust and beneficial aspects of the historical format.

• A model should be available “soon” for testers to experiment with.• http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/

Our potential new roles

• Standards development on the open web• Figuring out how to get our data to operate as part of the larger

data ecosystem (google, amazon, wikipedia, archival resources …)• Determining best practices for opening up our data• Determining authority and staking our claim to our appropriate

authority• Determining best practices to create and keep the linkages

between datasets consistent and coherent• Creating data where none exists

(particularly unique and local collections)• Creating/Managing identifiers, relationships, name authorities

Cataloger roles

• “Seeing systems as ecologies emphasizes the interaction of players over the stratification of layers … One intriguing proposition is that librarians, information architects, database designers, and other professionals who create taxonomies and controlled vocabularies could reposition themselves as guardians, not of the systems architectural stability, but of its ecological resilience … Such a role relies less on the metaphor of architecture and more on the metaphor of urban planning.” – Gene Smith quoting Grant Campbell and Karl Fast. Tagging: People-

Powered Metadata for the Social Web (2008), p. 92.

Documentation & Resources

• Library of Congress– RDA: http://www.loc.gov/aba/rda/– Bibliographic Framework Transition: http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/

• Webcast: http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=5605• Listserv: http://listserv.loc.gov/listarch/bibframe.html

• NCSU RDA site: – https://staff.lib.ncsu.edu/confluence/display/MNC/RDA

• University of Chicago RDA site:– http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/staffweb/depts/cat/rda.html

• RDA-L– http://www.rda-jsc.org/rdadiscuss.html

• Everything in this presentation is Google-able or links embedded within!

Credits

• The best thing about the future is that it comes only one day at a time– Abraham Lincoln

• Card catalog: http://www.flickr.com/photos/thursday_morning/3895679119/• MARC slide image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Library_books.jpg• TEI slide image: UVA Library, Second April by Edna St. Vincent Millay

– http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=ModEng_test/uvaBook/tei/milseco.xml

• EAD slide image: – http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/mountholyoke/mshm038_main.html

• Photo of Mount Holyoke College, ©Mount Holyoke College, [date not identified]– Williston Library, http://www.mtholyoke.edu

• Photo of NCSU, D.H. Hill Library, ©Edward Funkhouser, 2008– http://historicalstate.lib.ncsu.edu/catalog/4funk_DH_Hill_East_Wing

Credits

* Slides originated from Metadata Standards & Applications, a Library of Congress/ALCTS program "Cataloging for the 21st Century.” Original version Diane Hillman & Marty Kurth (2006); revised Erin Stalberg & Jennifer Roper (2008-2009).

+ Slides originated from INLS 721 - Organization of Materials II, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Erin Stalberg and Jacqueline Samples (2009-2010).

Documents

THE BEST THING ABOUT THE FUTURE IS THAT IT COMES ONLY ONE DAY AT A TIME : OUR ROLES IN DEVELOPING 21ST-CENTURY DATA INFRASTRUCTURES Erin Stalberg Director