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Libraries Have Two Key Problems
• They don’t provide particularly good access to the journal literature (even the biggest libraries)
• They are facing a problem getting enough money to support collections– Asking for more money to buy fewer journals
is not a strong or convincing argument
Proportion of Journal Literature Originally Available in Ohio Higher Education
c. OhioLINK 2000
Ohio State
CincinnatiAverage24.1%
38.7%
53.2%
Libraries Need a Better Funding Argument
• Increasing faster than the cost of living– Faculty and administrative salaries– Utilities (heating, telecommunications,
electricity)– Tuition, room and board
• While…– The libraries’ share of the university budget has
been decreasing• From a high of 4% in the 70’s to around 2.5% today
How Much Greater Access to the Journal Literature
• Academic Press– Before: 1,140 titles
– After: 9,100 titles
• Elsevier– Before: 3,600 titles
– After: 59,800 titles
Significantly More New Titles Available – And Used
c. OhioLINK 2000
Before:1,253 titles
After: 2,501 titles
HEAL-Link E-Journal UseYear 2000
• The HEAL-Link deal with Academic effectively increased access system-wide – 6 fold increase in titles available
• In 2000, the Greek academic libraries downloaded 15,459 Articles from Academic Press journals– 62% were from journals not previously held in
that library
How Much Cheaper is the Expanded Access
• Academic Press– Before: $964.91 avg.
cost per title
– After: $132.97 avg. cost per title
• Elsevier– Before: $1,944.44 avg.
cost per title
– After: $ 128.76 avg. cost per title
Plus…
• Negotiated inflation increases are less than imposed inflation increases– Tends to run 1-3% less per year– Some European consortia have negotiated
inflation increases under 3%
The Big Deal Can Provide an Effective Funding Argument
• National: The Canadians added $50,000,000 to collections purchases via CNLSP
• State: Ohio has increased new annual money for collections from $0.00 to $9,000,000 in 10 years via OhioLINK
• Local: University of Cincinnati has agreed to increase the Libraries’ collection budget by 8% annually
Why Has the Traditional Approach Failed?
• Third party payment system– Faculty and administration see collections’
costs as a library problem
• Non-substituteability of journals– Can’t replace a high priced chemistry journal
with a low cost literature journal
Big Deal Limitations
• Doesn’t work well for individual instituions– Limited money
– Limited increase in market
• Doesn’t work well for consortia when members can opt in or out– Undercuts central negotiator
• Works better to increase access than save money– Predicated on spending more money but getting more
value for money spent