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The Birth of a Solar System:
Governing Laws
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Force – A push or a pull
Gravity – force of attraction between two objects
It pulls to the center of an object with mass
Larger masses have a larger gravitational force.
The closer the object, the more the force of gravity.
Equation:
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Gravity depends on:
Distance of 2 objects
The size of the arrows represent the magnitude of gravitational
attraction.
Draw this:
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Gravity depends on:
Mass of 2 objects
Draw this:
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Draw this:
Distance = r Draw this:
Mass = m
Force = F
G is a gravitational
constant number
that never
changes.
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion: Inertia
Inertia – the tendency of an object at rest to stay at rest or to keep moving in the same direction at the same speed, until acted upon by an outside force
In other words:
An object in motion, stays in motion.
An object at rest, stays at rest.
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion: Inertia
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion: Inertia
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion: Inertia
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion: Inertia
Orbits of the planets
Orbit – a regular, repeating path that one object in space takes around another one.
An object in an orbit is called a satellite.
Satellites can be natural (planets, moons) or
man-made (space station)
Orbits are Elliptical shapes (oval)
Planets are almost circular
Asteroids are eccentric or squashed ovals
Orbits of the planets
Orbit – a balance between gravity and inertia
Draw this:
Orbits of the planets
Without gravity, an Earth-orbiting satellite would go off into space along a straight line.
With gravity, it is pulled back toward Earth.
A constant tug-of-war takes place between the satellite's tendency to move in a straight line, or momentum, and the tug of gravity pulling the satellite back.
Orbits of the planets
For the next 2 minutes try to list all of our planets in order on your notes.
The next slide will show you these planets and their orbital planes.
Orbital plane - the flat, disk-shaped space that connects the center of the object being orbited with the center of the orbiting objects
Orbits of the planets
Orbits within our solar system:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, (Pluto)
Orbits of the planetsNotice the comet’s plane
Orbits of the planets
Almost all these bodies also travel in the same orbital plane, a thin disk surrounding the sun and extending to the edge of the solar system.
The orbital plane usually prevents planets or other celestial bodies from bumping into each other.
Some comets orbit outside the
orbital plane, perpendicular or at
an angle to the rest of the solar
system bodies.
Orbits of the planets
Orbital Velocity Law -
Mass = m
Distance = r
Velocity (speed) = v
Velocity is distance divided by time
Solar Systems
For the next 2 minutes try to make a list of all of the things that are in a solar system.
Try to explain how a solar system formed?
Solar System
For the next 2 minutes try to make a list of all of the things that are in a solar system.