TheBlackDeath

And the end of the Middle Ages

                                                      

Signs of Gods Wrath

No epoch was more naturally mad

Michelet

SIGNS

• War: Hundred Years War (1337-1453);

• Insurrections in France, England, Italy, German lands

• Decline of the Byzantine Empire (fall 1453)

• Famine (1315-1317)

• Disease - Black Death (1349-51)

• Religious Turmoil - Papal Schism (1378-1417)

Hundred Years War

• 1337-1453• England v. France

• Hundred Years War• • 1337-1453

• England v. France

• Gunpowder, cannons introduced

Fall of Byzantine Empire

Papal Schism

Babylonian Captivity (1309-1377)

Three Popes (1409)

Plague Routes

Yersinia Pestis

• Spread primarily by fleas; brown rats - main carriers

• Three Types• Bubonic•  Pneumonic• Septicaemic

SPREAD OF …

Symptoms of Plague

• BUBONIC - fever, exhaustion, chills, swollen glands which turn red at first, then black

• PNEUMONIC - cough which produces frothy blood from lungs

• SEPTICAEMIC - internal bleeding; blood pools under skin causing black coloration

PIC’S

Responses to Plague:the Popular Level

• Social Breakdown & Flight

• Popular Devotional Movement

• Pograms

Writings from a dead man

• I, as if among the dead, waiting til death do come, have put into writing truthfully what I have heard and verified. And that the writing may not perish with the scribe and the work fail with the laborer, I add parchment to continue it, if by chance anyone may be left in the future, and any child of Adam may escape this pestilence and continue the work thus commenced.

• -John Clyn of Kilkenny, Ireland, 1349

Treatment Methods

Theories of Contagion

• Cannon Fire and Bonfire

• Quarantine

• Milanπs Approach

Estimated Toll

• 25 Million Dead

• 1/3 of Europe

• Half of Asia

• 3/4 to 5/6 of the population

of Florence and other major

port cities

Consequences

• Art and popular mindset

• Church strength

• Economic changes

ARTWORK

Return of Plague?

1349-1351

1660-1663

Last Epidemic: 1942

Last Outbreak: 1994