The Blue and The GrayTotal War Continues

Union Army

Money, Men, Railroads

Not a war against slavery

Economics and Nationalism

Abraham Lincoln

Republican President

Critical Thinker

Willing to push envelope with presidential powers

Showed respect and restraint with adversaries

No efficient team of advisors for information collection

No control of congress or administration

Union Military Leaders

Not a strength!

McClellan: idea man, presented well, man of swagger, implementation not his strength

Took leadership role after Bull Run debacle

Never on Lincoln’s good side

Replaced by General Ambrose Burnside; poor military strategies

Soon replaced by Ulysses S. Grant

Grant

West Point graduate

Reputation as a heavy drinker

Failed businessman and farmer

Success in early campaigns in the war

Eventually hailed as the General to defeat Robert E. Lee

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederacy

Came with high credentials: West Point graduate, successful plantation owner, bright, and industrious

Lacked in interpersonal skills at times

Many disputes with his advisors, held grudges, made enemies amongst his own, burned bridges

Not a great military strategist

Confederate Military leaders

Robert E. Lee

Often misunderstood because of his gentle courteous manner

Bold and impressive military strategist

Held the respect of his men, and those around him

Never a great supporter of secession

Used psychology as a weapon

Battles

Bull Run: July 1861

Chaos

Neither side militarily prepared

Result: A draw Confederate Army morale boosted Union faced with the enormity of task

Battles Cont…

Shiloh: April 1862 in Tennessee

Great losses on both sides

Grant and Union army got a surprise attack

Able to recover and counterattack, but shaken

Opportunity missed

Union loss: 13,000

Confederate: 10,700

Two days of fighting

Cont…..

Antietam: September 1862

Lee’s move to show strength and force on Northern soil

McClellan’s good fortune, Lee’s plans

Took upper hand, Lee at a disadvantage

70,000 Union soldiers vs. 40,000 Confederate

22,000 dead in the end

McClellan’s opportunity to be redeemed, did not act, Lincoln had enough!

Emancipation Proclamation

Fighting brought new ideologies

Free the bondsman only to injure his master!

Antietam Opened door for Lincoln to act Emancipation Proclamation Impact subtle No slaves immediately free Some too much, others not enough Europe now completely on side of North