The Brain

Theories of Intelligence

Statistics

Research Methods

Perception

Sleep

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Brain Parts Theories of Intelligence

Statistics Research Methods

Perception Sleep

“Executive control center”; judgment, planning, reasoning

Frontal Lobe

Contains the auditory cortex

Temporal Lobe

Controls the muscles needed for speech; Expressive language

Broca’s Area

Lobe that controls voluntary movements

Motor cortex (in back of frontal lobe!)

Parts of the limbic system

Hypothalamus: hunger, thirst, body temperature

Amygdala: fear and aggression, threat detection center

Hippocampus: new memories (explicit)

Famous for his theory on multiple intelligence; Identified at least 8

Howard Gardner

Intelligence proposed by Charles Spearman; A common level of intelligence that underlies all of our intelligence behavior

General (g) intelligence

What is emotional intelligence?

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Proposed a triarchic theory of intelligence

Robert Sternberg; Analytical, creative, and practical intelligences

List Gardner’s intelligence types

Linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalist

The three measures of central tendency

Mean, median, and mode

What is the range of the following score distribution:5, 10, 20, 30

25

In a normal curve, where are the mean, median, and mode located?

In the middle! For IQ, would be 100

A measure of how tightly clustered a group of scores is around their mean; Square root of variance

Standard Deviation

What is a z score?

Used to compare scores from different distributions; Converts scores into distance standard deviation “points”

Type of research in which humans or animals are studied in their natural context

Naturalistic observation

Studies one individual in depth through tests, interviews, observations

Case Study

In using surveys, a representative sample is one that is…

Representative of your entire population

Name that type of research. Comparing hours slept per night and GPA

Correlational

What is the difference between a longitudinal study and a cross sectional study?

Longitudinal: same group over time

Cross sectional: studying same thing in different age groups

Group of psychologists who stressed that the whole is different than the sum of its parts; Studied organizational principles

Gestalt

The understanding that an object’s shape remains the same even though the angle of view makes the shape appear changed

Size constancy

What is relative size?

Smaller objects are further away, larger objects are clower

Appearance of motion created by lights turning off and on in a sequence

Phi Phenomenon

Name and explain your two binocular depth cues

Convergence: tension in eyes increase as objects come closer

Retinal disparity: slightly different image projected onto the retina due to the separation of your eyes

Machine used to measure sleep waves

EEG

Body rhythm that occur on a 24 hour cycle

Circadian rhythms

What are sleep spindles?

Bursts of activity that occur during Stage 2

Cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus that receive information from the retina about light

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Chemicals involved in sleep

Adenosine: triggers sleepinessMelatonin: High levels help us get ready for sleep