EditorialTh is is s ue of Th e Brok e n

Rifle . Focus e s on th e Cam paign Agains t W ar Profite e rs .Th is cam paign h as be e n de ve loping th rough out th e pas t ye ar. Th e Cam paign Agains t W ar Profite e rs is one of th e th re e m ain are as of focus for th e Nonviole nce Program m e during th is pe riod. Th e Cam paign is de ve loping re s ource s for th e activitie s and ne tw ork ing w ith W RI affiliate s involve d in initiative s th at s upport and coordinate nonviole nt cam paigns agains t w ar profite e rs . W RI oppos e s w ar profite e rs , follow ing our fundam e ntal critiq ue th at w e w ant to “re m ove all caus e s of w ar” . W e be lie ve th at w ar profite e rs , are not jus t m ak ing profit from w ar, but th e y are a caus e of w ar.

I invite you to look clos e ly at th e article s in th is is s ue w h ich include s : W h at W RI's ne tw ork is doing agains t th e diffe re nt k inds of w ar profite e rs , as w e ll as a furth e r e xam ination of diffe re nt k inds of w ar profite e rs . W e h ave als o e xam ine th e e xpe rie nce from th e USA on h ow to do re s e arch on th e s e corporations . I invite you to s tudy it and s e e h ow you m igh t apply it in your re gion. In th is is s ue , w e als o pre s e nt th e de ve lopm e nt of th e cam paign and w h at w e w ant to ach ie ve w ith it.

Th is is s ue als o m ark s th e launch of W RI's ow n W ik i, th at w e e xpe ct w ill im prove th e coope ration am ong W RI activis t and w ill cre ate a joint re s ource on nonviole nce and antim ilitaris m .

I h ope you e njoy th is Brok e n Rifle and th at it provok e s you to re fle ct on w h at you and your group can do to ge t involve d in th is cam paign and h e lp s top th e w ar profite e rs . W e re ally ne e d all of your collaboration and contributions to th e W RI and its e nde avours to e nd w ar.

Javie r Gárate W RI Staff Me m be r

Th e Brok e n RifleTh e Brok e n Rifle is th e

ne w s le tte r of W ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rnational, and is publis h e d in Englis h , Spanis h , Fre nch and Ge rm an.Th is is is s ue 67, Se pte m be r 2005.

Th is is s ue of Th e Brok e n Rifle w as produce by Javie r Gárate . Spe cial th ank s go to H ow ard Clark , Tik iri, Frida Be rrigan, Joanne Sh e e h an, and oth e rs w h o provide d th e inform ation us e d in th is is s ue . If you w ant e xtra copie s of th is is s ue of Th e Brok e n Rifle , ple as e contact th e W RI office , or dow nload it from our w e bs ite .

W ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rnational,5 Cale donian Road,London N1 9 DX, Britainte l + 44-20-7278 4040fax+ 44-20-7278 0444info@ w ri-irg.orgh ttp://w ri-irg.org/pubs /br67-

e n.h tm

W RI is not jus t com m itte d to re s is t w ar but to prom ote nonviol-e nt action to re m ove th e caus e s of w ar th is is one re as on w h y part of th e ne w nonviole nce pro-gram m e w ill be a cam paign agains t w ar profite e ring. And to prom ote our com m itm e nt w ith non-viole nce and antim ilitaris m . Tak ing W RI's fundam e ntal critiq ue th at “W ar is a crim e agains t h um anity. I am th e re fore de te rm ine d no to s upport any k ind of w ar, and to s trive for th e re m oval of all caus e s of w ar”

W ar profite e ring h as be e n a

pe rm ane nt fe ature of th e m ilitary lands cape . It is not jus t th at th e s e arch for profits can fom e nt w ar. Military rivalry h as als o gone h and in h and w ith indus trial and te ch no-logical m obilis ation for w ar, re ach -ing ne w h e igh ts in th e s e cond h alf of th e tw e ntie th ce ntury. Th os e w h o profit from w ar form a pow e r-ful lobby in favour of m ilitary e x-pe nditure and w ar pre parations . To com bat th e ir influe nce re q uire s ide ntifying and e xpos ing th e ir activ-itie s and inte re s ts . Th os e w h o cur-re ntly de pe nd on w ar-re late d w ork for th e ir live lih ood ne e d s upport in cons tructing s ocially us e ful alte rn-ative s .

In adopting th is cam paign th e m e , W RI w ill not duplicate th e w ork of oth e r groups . Many coun-trie s alre ady h ave bodie s th at h ave carrie d out de taile d re s e arch into th e ir ow n w ar profite e rs , and th e re als o e xis t functioning inte rna-tional ne tw ork s – e ith e r w ith form -al link s s uch as th e Europe an Ne tw ork Agains t th e Arm s Trade (ENAAT) or contacts e ffe ctive for m obilis ing inte rnational actions , for ins tance at arm s fairs .

In th is cam paign, W RI plans to

build on th e e xis ting w ork of its affil-iate s and oth e r groups w ith w h om w e coope rate . At tim e s ce rtain W RI m e m be rs h ave m ore contact w ith e ach oth e r th rough re gional or s ingle purpos e ne tw ork s th an th e y do th rough W RI its e lf – and th at’s h ow it s h ould be . No m ono-polie s h e re ! But w e are convince d th at our cam paign can add to th e m om e ntum of w h at e xis ts – m ak -ing conne ctions oth e rw is e m is s e d, providing a forum for e x-ch ange s on tactics and s trate gy, and s h arpe ning com m on th e m e s . Re garding w ar as a crim e agains t

h um anity, W RI is com m itte d to pro-m ote nonviole nce to re m ove th e caus e s of w ar.

Th e Profite e rsAnd line s of actions

Th e financie rs of w ar: W e – th e public – be com e fin-

ancie rs of w ar th rough our taxe s and th rough th e w ay bank s us e our m one y. Th e W RI office its e lf and m any W RI affiliate s are alre ady involve d in us ing w ar tax re s is tance as a w ay of rais ing pub-lic cons cious ne s s about th is . In s om e countrie s , W RI groups h ave als o be gun to look at th e role playe d by bank s in us ing th e ir cli-e nts ’ m one y to inve s t in th e arm s indus try. Pe rh aps th is is m os t ad-vance d in Be lgium w h e re a cam -paign involving our Fle m is h s e ction Forum voor Vre de s actie h as caus e d a com m otion. “My Mone y Cle ar Cons cie nce ?” h as produce d tw o w e igh ty re ports e x-pos ing th e m ilitary inve s tm e nts of five m ajor bank s in Be lgium .

In Spain, KEM-MOC in th e Bas q ue country is cam paigning agains t BBVA - Banco Bilbao Viz -caya Arge ntaria – w ith actions at its h e adq uarte rs in Bilbao and at s h are h olde rs ’ m e e tings . As a firs t s te p, th e Madrid group MOC-Cara-banch e l h as produce d a s tick e r for us e m ainly on cas h m ach ine s , a 50€ note s aying “Your s avings finance w ar. Find out in th e bank ”.

In th e pas t ce rtain bank s h ave be e n targe ts for cam paigns of dis -inve s tm e nt. One of th e m os t s uc-ce s s ful cam paigns took place in Britain agains t Barclays Bank for its conne ctions w ith aparth e id in South Africa. W h e n th e cam paign be gan, Barclays attracte d m ore th an h alf of e ach ge ne ration of uni-ve rs ity s tude nts to ope n accounts w ith th e m , but gradually th e pic-ture ch ange d. Not only did th e pro-portion of s tude nts ope ning accounts fall dram atically but, ove r a 16-ye ar cam paign, m any in-dividuals and e ve n corporate ac-count-h olde rs s uch as ch urch e s , trade unions and m unicipalitie s dis -inve s te d until Barclays s old out its South African h oldings .

Th e m anufacture rs W e apons m anufacture rs e njoy

s e cure profits – e s pe cially if th e y are e ngage d in m ultinational pro-je cts s uch as th e EuroFigh te r. A

num be r of W RI s e ctions , for in-s tance in Ge rm any, France and Spain, are e ngage d in cam paigns agains t th e EuroFigh te r proje ct. As w e ll as th e guarante e s offe re d in th e contract, th e s e com panie s ofte n e njoy s ubs idie s from nation-al or e ve n re gional gove rnm e nts – KEM-MOC h as publicis e d th at Se n-e r, a m anufacture r of m ilitary com -pone nts , is re ce iving s ubs idie s from th e Bas q ue gove rnm e nt.

Th e re h ave be e n m any dram at-ic actions at various arm s factor-ie s , s om e e ve n including bre ak ing into th e factory to dam age w e apons . Pe rh aps th e be s t k now n w as w h e n Plough s h are s activis ts dam age d Britis h ae ros pace H aw k s . One of th e ite m s th e y place d in th e cock pit w as a vide o, s h ow ing Indone s ia’s us e of H aw k s in Eas t Tim or. W h e n th e y playe d th is vide otape in court, it h e lpe d convince th e jury th at th e activis ts w e re trying to pre ve nt a gre ate r crim e .

Som e arm s m anufacture rs pro-duce cons um e r goods and s o could be a targe t for boycott cam -paigns . Als o, a num be r of cam -paigns h ave trie d to re ach m e m be rs of th e w ork force to dis -cus s h ow th e ir s k ills could be con-tribute to th e m anufacture of s ocially us e ful goods ins te ad of w e apons com pone nts .

In various countrie s , anti-m ilitar-is t groups h ave bough t s h are s s o th e y can atte nd th e annual s h are -h olde rs ’ m e e tings to rais e is s ue s th e re , w h ile oth e rs s e e k to ide ntify corporate s h are h olde rs th at m igh t h ave q ualm s about w e apons m an-ufacture – for ins tance , ch urch e s and trade unions .

Stude nt groups h ave s om e -tim e s arrange d a “w arm re ce p-tion” for s uch com panie s w h e n th e y com e to cam pus to re cruit th os e about to graduate . W ar Re s -is te rs ' Le ague (W RL) in th e USA h as a counte r-re cruitm e nt s trate gy, w ith a focus on H allibur-ton re cruiting e m ploye e s on col-le ge cam pus e s .

Th e “outs ource rs ” or “force m ultiplie rs ”

In Iraq , fore ign e m ploye e s of private contractors outnum be r e ve ry national m ilitary continge nt, e xce pt th at of th e USA its e lf. Glob-

ally, re ce nt ye ars h ave s e e n th e ris e of private contractors s uch as Dyncorps , H alliburton, Saab, Se rco and Sode xh o w h o carry out m ultiple s e rvice contracts for th e m ilitary.

Action line s agains t s uch com -panie s at th e m om e nt m ainly con-s is t of re s e arch ing and s pre ading aw are ne s s am ong th e public of th e role s uch com panie s are play-ing. W RL h as s e t up a s pe cific “Me rch ants of De ath ” s pe ak e rs ’ pane l th at pays s pe cial atte ntion to s uch contractors .

As m os t s uch com panie s de -pe nd e xclus ive ly on gove rnm e nt contracts , pros pe cts for boycotts or oth e r cons um e r action are lim -ite d. But s om e anti-m ilitaris t groups are acq uiring s h are s in or-de r to inte rve ne in s h are h olde rs ’ m e e tings . . Th e Alde rm as ton W o-m e n's Pe ace Cam p(aign) h as be -gun a s h are h olde r cam paign agains t Se rco (part of th e cons orti-um th at runs Alde rm as ton – w h ich is be ing e xpande d for Britain’s ne w ge ne ration of nucle ar w e apons ).

Arm s fairs Exh ibitions w h e re m ilitary-re -

late d indus trie s dis play th e ir w are s h ave be com e th e targe t for a w ide and im aginative range of actions – e s pe cially be caus e s uch e ve nts us ually las t s e ve ral days . DSEi in London, AFCEA in Brus -s e ls and EuroSatory in Paris are th re e fairs th at h ave attracte d at-te ntion from anti-m ilitaris t groups in s e ve ral Europe an countrie s . W h ile m any actions tak e place on th e s tre e ts or e ve n m e tros le ading to th e fairs , activis ts in various guis e s h ave m anage d to e nte r fairs to ch alle nge w h at is going on th e re . Som e tim e s th e cam paigns be fore s uch e ve nts h ave s uc-ce e de d in pe rs uading m unicipalit-ie s to w ith draw coope ration, e ve n caus ing th e ir cance llation.

H ow ard Clark , W RI Council Me m be r

Cam paign Agains t W ar Profite e rs"Som e one is m ak ing a k illing from w ar"

W ar is a Crim e agains t H um anity:Th e Story of Th e W ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rnationalNe w book by De vi Pras ad out on 21 Octobe r 2005"W ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rnational, born out of th e h orrors and s tupidity of W orld W ar I, h as k e p th e banne rs of cons cie n-tious obje ction and abolition of w ar flying th rough th e m os t atrocious ce ntury of Europe an h is tory. W ar re s is te rs , organis e d or not, w ill bring about th e e nd of w ar."

Joh an Galtung, dr h c m ult, Prof of Pe ace Studie s

De vi Pras ad s tudie d at Sh antinik e tan, Tagore 's Unive rs ity, w ork e d as a te ach e r and artis t in Se vagram , Gandh i's as h ram , from th e 19 40s until 19 62. From 19 62-19 72 h e w as Ge ne ral Se cre tary of th e W RI.

Publis h e d by: W ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rnationalISBN 0-9 03517-20-5. 560 page s , 67 ph otos . Publication date : 21 Octobe r 2005Advance orde rs (be fore 20 Octobe r): £18.00 plus pos tage (th e n £28.00 plus pos tage ). Orde r now on our w e bs h op at h ttp://w ri-irg.org/e n

Action Agains t EDO 2005. Ph oto Ippy/Pe ace Ne w s

2 Th e Brok e n Rifle No 67, Se pte m be r 2005W ar Profite e rs

Th e re are m any w ays to profit from a w ar. Som e m ay s ay th at e ve n pe ace cam paigns profit from it! Th e w ar profite e rs w e are talk ing about h e re are com panie s h aving s trate gie s to m ak e a k illing from arm e d con-flicts .

Conve ntional arm y s uppli-e rs

Th re e m ain cate gorie s are dis -tinguis h e d h e re : arm s trade rs , e q uipm e nt s upplie rs , and com -panie s offe ring s e rvice s to arm ie s .

Arm s trade rs m us t not be for-gotte n. W ar is not for th e m jus t a m ark e t w h ich cons um e s th e ir w are s , but als o fre e adve rtis ing for th e ir products . Th e m ain com -panie s th e s e days are Lock h e e d Martin, Boe ing, North rop Grum -m an, Rayth e on and Ge ne ral Dy-nam ics in th e USA; and BAE Sys te m s , Th ale s and EADS in Europe .

Oth e r s upplie rs als o m ak e profit from w ars or from a s pe cif-ic w ar. Th e re is no doubt, for in-s tance , th at Cate rpillar, th e US bulldoz e r com pany, w ould ne ve r s e ll th at m uch e q uipm e nt to th e Is -rae li arm y if th e re w e re not th e conflict be tw e e n Is rae l and th e Pale s tinians w h ich involve s h ous e de m olitions and th e e re c-tion of th e aparth e id w all.

Logis tics and s e rvice s to arm ie s are k e y as pe cts of any m il-itary ope ration. Now adays , it is m os tly controlle d by m ultination-al com panie s w h o bid for th e con-tracts . W h e n PW C Logis tics w ins contracts w ith th e US arm y for h e avy lift trans portation (up to $1.5 billion in 5 ye ars ) or food s upply (up to $14 billion in 4 ye ars ), it h as e ve ryth ing to do w ith th e w ar in Iraq and Afgh -anis tan. Th e ne t profit of th e com -pany jum pe d from $32 m illion to $336 m illion be tw e e n 2002 and 2004. Sode xh o (cate ring and s e r-vice s ) m ay not in a s e ns e be w ar profite e rs for providing food and s o on to 55 US Marine Corps bas e s ; but th e y de finite ly are w h e n s upporting th e Fre nch arm y and UN's KFOR in Kos ovo, NATO in Kabul, and th e US force s in South Kore a - as w e ll as s upplying th e 379 th Expe dition-ary Contracting Sq uadron in Qatar. "In one ye ar, due to global is s ue s [ie th e w ar in Iraq ...], th e m ark e t gre w s trongly," s ays An-dre w Le ach , Sode xh o De fe ns e Se rvice s m anaging dire ctor. W ith long-running conflicts h aving an e ffe ct on m ilitary pe rs onne l, w h o are not h appy to s tay aw ay from h om e for s o long, Sode xh o h as - w ith th e US Marine Corps - cre -ate d th e Me s s h all Acade m -ie in orde r to pre pare civilians for m ilit-ary life and h e lp k e e p th e m follow -ing orde rs as th e ir pos ting goe s on and on.

Privatis ing th e arm y

Private com panie s als o now provide s e rvice s w h ich w e re tradi-tionally core arm y activitie s , in par-ticular in s e curity - s uch as te ch nical s ys te m s , inte llige nce s e rvice s and s e curity pe rs onne l. Th e latte r are th e m ode rn ve r-s ion of m e rce narie s . Inte grate d te ch nological s ys te m s are provide d by arm s trade com pan-ie s - s uch as Th ale s , Lock h e e d Martin, North rop Grum m an - as w e ll as by inform ation te ch no-

logy com panie s s uch as Analytic-al Se rvice s Inc, Com pute r Scie nce s Corporation and Ele c-tronic Data Sys te m s Corpora-tion. Oth e r com panie s s pe cialis e in inte llige nce , and th e ir te ch nolo-gical s ys te m s can com e w ith inte l-lige nce s pe cialis ts or s e curity/counte r-te rroris m s pe cial-is ts (m os t of th e m be ing re tire d from gove rnm e ntal inte llige nce s e rvice s or com m ando units ). For ins tance , th e US Arm y's Inte lli-ge nce and Se curity Com m and h as aw arde d a contract w orth as m uch as $155 m illion to CACI In-te rnational Inc to provide te ch no-logy to h e lp com m ande rs in th e fie ld to colle ct inte llige nce and to inte rrupt e ne m y com m unications and inte llige nce s ys te m s . Corpor-ate W atch dis cove re d th at s uch private e m ploye e s w ork e d as in-te rrogation e xpe rts at Abu Gh raib pris on. Eve n Paul Bre m -m e r's s afe ty in Iraq w as not as -s ure d by th e US arm y but by Black w ate r Se curity s taff. And a com pany s uch as Vinne l Corpora-tion is in ch arge of training th e Saudi National Guard.

Mos t of th e s e com panie s providing s e curity and training s taff to th e arm e d force s als o of-fe r th e ir s e rvice s to oth e r com pan-ie s w ork ing in re gions at w ar. PSC De fe ns e Sys te m s Ltd (of th e Arm or Group) prote cts BP Am oco inte re s ts in Colum bia. Th at prote ction include s s e le c-tion and m ainte nance of arm a-m e nts for th e h os t country.

According to Mos cow De -fe ns e Brie f (January 2005), th is is h ow BP finance s arm s to th e Colom bian arm y. In Angola, Air Scan - w h ich is conne cte d w ith PSC De fe ns e Sys te m s - h as a contract w ith Te xaco Ch e vron to prote ct local oil de pos its from in-s urge nts in th at country's Cab-inda e nclave . On top of private s e curity and oth e r s e curity-re -late d s e rvice s , s om e com panie s als o offe r to s e e k out and ne utral-is e m ine s and am m unition le ft afte r th e w ar. You can pre s um e th at th is s e rvice is s pe cifically provide d for e conom ic purpos e s , not h um anitarian one s .

De s truction? Re cons truc-tion!

Once th e bom bs h ave de s -troye d th e infras tructure , com pan-

ie s are h ire d to re build th e country. In th is gam e , H alliburton - and its s ubs idiary Ke llog, Brow n and Root - h ave w on th e priz e in Iraq . Th is infras tructure als o include s th e de te ntion ce ntre s w h e re th e US arm y h olds pris one rs . Be ch te l (con-s truction and e ngine e ring) is not a los e r e ith e r, w ith a firs t $680 m il-lion contract follow e d by a $1.8 m illion one to be s h are d w ith Par-s on and H orne Engine e ring. H al-liburton als o got $9 00 m illion from US gove rnm e nt contracts in oth e r parts of th e w orld s uch as Afgh anis tan and th e Balk ans . In Afgh anis tan, th e Fre nch com -pany Alcate l is one of th e m ain te le com m unications s ys te m pro-vide rs . Th e concre te m anufactur-ing com pany Lafarge bough t up all th e factorie s of th at k ind in Se r-bia. Be caus e of th e urge ncy of re -building w ar-torn infras tructure , th e contracts are ofte n ove r-price d, th us e ncouraging m any com panie s ' inte re s t in ge tting in-to th is m ark e t.

Inve s ting in w ar

W ar and te ns ions im ply a ve ry profitable arm s race for arm s trade rs . Bank s k now th is w e ll, and are ve ry k e e n to profit from it. Th e only proble m is unce r-tainty, w h ich th e m ark e t doe s n't lik e . A Fre nch financial e xpe rt w as s aying in March 2003, "W h e n w e ge t re ady for w ar, as w e are now , s h are s fall; but w e e xpe ct th e m to ris e again as

s oon as th e firs t bom bs are droppe d on th e e ne m y." In Fe bru-ary 2002, Me rrill Lynch , th e fam -ous US inve s tm e nt ins titution, publis h e d a note s aying th at a m ilitary cam paign in 2002 or 2003 agains t th e Saddam H us -s e in re gim e w ould profit com pan-ie s producing am m unition. Th at s am e note w as trying to s tudy th e various pos s ible s ce narios , not all of th e m be ing profitable in th e s am e w ay. Alliant Te ch s ys -te m s w as an ove rall w inne r, w h ils t Rayth e on w as favourite for air attack s - as oppos e d to Ge n-e ral Dynam ics for a ground inva-s ion. If Iraq could bring dow n e nough allie d plane s , Boe ing and Lock h e e d w ould profit from it - unle s s attack s lik e th os e of 11 Se pte m be r 2001 re s ulte d, in w h ich cas e th e fall of th e civilian m ark e t could balance th e ris e of th e m ilitary one ... Aaaargh . Un-ce rtainty re ally ge ts too h ard to h andle .

Anyw ay, w ar be ing profitable , te m ptation is ve ry h igh ; but s om e th ing e ls e h as be com e fas h -ionable (and th e re fore profitable as w e ll): e th ical inve s tm e nt. Mone y-m ak ing profe s s ionals can't los e any opportunity, s o you h ave to be able to inve s t in arm s trade com panie s at th e s am e tim e as offe ring e th ical bonds . Axa th ough t th is dual ap-proach w ould not be a proble m , until a Be lgian cam paign ch al-le nge d it at th e com pany's AGM ("My Mone y Cle ar Cons cie nce ").

Th e m e dia at w ar

Le t's jus t re m e m be r th e atti-tude of Fox Ne w s in 2003 to un-de rs tand h ow m uch th e m e dia can profit from a w ar - e ve n pus h -ing for it, if ne ce s s ary. Al-Jaz e e ra h as als o got fam ous and gaine d m ore vie w e rs th rough th e w ars in Afgh anis tan and Iraq . In any country, m os t com m e rcial publis h e rs - w h e th e r th rough te le -vis ion, radio, w e b or pape r - h ave be e n profiting from w ars . Of cours e , not e ve ry conflict is m one y-m ak ing, s o s om e are un-k now n or be com e forgotte n by th e ge ne ral public - in particular if TV m is s e s th e live dram a. So, for e xam ple , th e Ch e ch e n conflict in Rus s ia w ill re appe ar in th e m e -dia w h e n s ch ool pupils or a th e atre audie nce ne xt be com e vis ible h os tage s ... w ith com m e r-cials alte rnating w ith th e ne w s s pe cials .

Tik iri, Fre nch activis t

Eve nts re late d to W ar Profite e rsAug 27- Se p 10: Coulport Dis arm a-m e nt Cam p: MOre inform ation at w w w .tride ntplough s h are s .org

Se pt 10: DSEi, Be at th e Bom be rs ! Party for pe ace . Gath e r 1pm for loc-ation inform ation w w w .dis arm -trade .org.

Cance l th e arm fair. 2pm -4:30 pm . Mus ical Prote s t outs ide th e Exce l Ce ntre , ne xt to Cus tom H ous e , DLR Station.

Se pt 11: DSEi Counte r- Confe r-e nce . Organis e d by CAAT, th is is a day of talk s , w ork s h ops , film s , trainings and ne tw ork ing at Tynbe e H all, 28 Com m e rcial Stre e t. Lon-don E1 ( Ne are s t Tube Alde gate Eas t)

Se pt 13: DSEi 2005 Mas s de -m os tration agains t DSEi arm s fair. As s e m ble 12 noon, Ne w h am Tow n H all (ne ar Eas t H am Tube ) London, and m arch to th e Exce l Ce ntre in London's Dock lands .

Se pt 14: DSEi Critical Mas s Bik e Ride . Me e t 8:30 am , Bank Station London, cycle to th e Exce l Ce ntre .

Se pt 24: March on W as h ington, End th e W ar on Iraq . 11 AM at W as h ington Monum e nt.

Se pt 26: Gras s root Lobby day and m as s nonviole nt dire ct action, as part of th e th re e days of antiw ar ac-tions on th e w e e k e nd of s e pt 24 - 26th Unite d for Pe ace and Jus tice is organiz ing a m as s nonviole nt dir-e ct action at th e W h ite H ous e on th at Monday m orning. For m ore in-form ation w w w .unite dforpe ace .org

Oct 22-24: W e e k e nd of Action agains t Rolls Royce in De rby, UK. For m ore inform ation w w w .de rby.pe ace page s .co.uk

Oct 29 -31: Cuartas Jornadas de Nonviole ncia Activa. In Donos tia, San Se bas tian Spain. For m ore in-form ation w w w .noviole n-ciaactiva.org

W h at k ind of W ar Profite e rs are th e re ?

A W RI W ik iW ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rnational

launch e s a ne w W RI W ik i on it's w e bs ite – h ave a look at h ttp://w ri-irg.org/w ik i, and cre ate your ow n W ik i account!

Expe rie nce d and be ginning W ik i us e rs are w e lcom e to com e on board. Ple as e m ak e s ure to cre ate an ide ntity and log in to e ve ry s e s s ion. You ne e d to be logge d in to w rite ne w m e s s age s or e dit e xis ting m e s s age s , th ough you are fre e to look around th e s ite as an anonym ous gue s t.

W h at is W RI W ik i?A W ik i is a w e b bas e d

collaboration tool – m any m igh t h ave h e ard of W ik ipe dia, th e online e ncyclope dia. On a W ik i, e ve ryone can e dit a te xt, add a ne w te xt, and s o W RI activis ts can toge th e r cre ate a us e ful re s ource on th e w e b. So far, W RI s taff "populate d" th e W ik i w ith a fe w article s on w ar profite e rs . But th e re are no lim its . You can add w h ate ve r you w ant, as long as it is re late d to W RI.

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W ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rnational h ope s th at th e W ik i w ill im prove th e coope ration am ong W RI activis ts , and w ill cre ate a joint re s ource on nonviole nce and antim ilitaris m . But, in th e e nd, it all de pe nds on YOU.

Ch e ck it out at h ttp://w ri-irg.org/w ik i

W ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rnationalis look ing for a

Finance and adm inis tration w ork e r(2.5 days pe r w e e k )

A com m itm e nt to pacifis m , and e xpe rie nce in de aling w ith finance s and databas e s are e s s e ntial. Oth e r language s and aw are ne s s of inte rnational nonviole nce m ove m e nts are de s irable .Th e job is bas e d in London (K ings Cros s )

Salary: £19 .39 2 pe r ye ar (pro-rata)De adline for applications : 10 Octobe r, s tart date : Nove m be r 2005Application pack from : W ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rnational, 5 Cale donian Rd, London N1 9 DX, Britain, + 44-20-7278 4040; fax: 7278 0444; w e b h ttp://w ri-irg.org

De m ons tration at 2005 Se rco AGM, Ph oto Ippy/Pe ace Ne w s

Globalis ing Nonviole nceW ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rnation-al Confe re nce

Sch los s Eringe rfe ldPade rborn, Ge rm any23-27 July 2006

Th e W ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rna-tional confe re nce "Globalis ing Nonviole nce " w ill be a gre at op-portunity to m e e t activis ts from all ove r th e w orld, to ge t to k now w h at m ak e s th e m tick , and to s e e h ow you can h e lp e ach m ak e anoth e r w orld pos -s ible .

Around th e w orld, a m ove -m e nt of m ove m e nts is conve r-ging. Th is m ove m e nt s e e k s to counte rpos e th e pe rs pe ctive and value s of pe ople 's pow e r for th os e of global financial ins ti-tutions , trans national corpora-tions or gove rnm e nts . Th is is a m ove m e nt of globalis ation from be low .

W RI be live s th at nonviol-e nce h as a m ajor role to play in th is globalis ation from be low . H e nce th e th e m e of our upcom -ing inte rnational confe re nce - Globalis ing Nonviole nce .

for m ore inform ation go to w w w .globalis ingnonviole nce .org

In h is Fare w e ll Addre s s in January 19 61, Am e rican Pre s id-e nt Dw igh t D Eis e nh ow e r s aid:

"In th e councils of gove rn-m e nt, w e m us t guard agains t th e acq uis ition of unw arrante d influ-e nce , w h e th e r s ough t or un-s ough t, by th e m ilitary indus trial com ple x. Th e pote ntial for th e dis -as trous ris e of m is place d pow e r e xis ts and w ill pe rs is t.

W e m us t ne ve r le t th e w e igh t of th is com bination e ndange r our libe rtie s or de m ocratic proce s s e s . W e s h ould tak e noth ing for gran-te d. Only an ale rt and k now le dge -able citiz e nry can com pe l th e prope r m e s h ing of th e h uge indus -trial and m ilitary m ach ine ry of de -fe ns e w ith our pe ace ful m e th ods and goals , s o th at s e curity and libe rty m ay pros pe r toge th e r."

Som e s e e th is s pe e ch as a h is -torical re lic to be brus h e d off occa-s ionally, if for no oth e r re as on th an to re call a tim e w h e n Pre s id-e nts s pok e in com ple te s e n-te nce s th at w e re com fortable in th e ir m outh s . But th e m ilitary in-dus trial com ple x continue s to flour-is h and e ndange r libe rtie s and th e de m ocratic proce s s .

H ow can w e be ale rt and k now -le dge able citiz e ns (in Eis e n-h ow e r’s w ords ) but not (as h e s ugge s ts ) for th e purpos e of com -pe lling th e prope r m e s h ing of in-dus try and m ilitary, rath e r to be gin th e proce s s of dis m antling an offe ns ive and crim inal m ilit-ary?

Re s e arch and analys is is ne e de d. Th e w e b is a tre as ure trove of inform ation; it can als o be a w ild good ch as e . Tre at inform a-tion from unfam iliar w e bs ite s w ith th e s am e care as e m ails th at be -gin, “De ar Sir, w e h ave an inve s t-m e nt opportunity for you … ”

H e re are a fe w introductory s ite s for re s e arch .

1. Top 100 Lis tEve ry ye ar, th e De partm e nt of

De fe ns e publis h e s inform ation on its contractors . Th e lis t, w h ich provide s de tails on th e “Pe ntagon’s Top 100 Contract-ors ,” s h ould be your firs t s top in re -s e arch .

From it you can as ce rtain w h ich com panie s are re ce iving th e large s t contracts , h ow m uch contracts h ave incre as e d or de -cre as e d from th e pas t ye ar, and ge t a m ore de taile d picture on w h at s ort of contracts a com pany and th e ir s ubs idiarie s are re ce iv-ing.

h ttp://w e b1.w h s .os d.m il/pe idh om e/procs tat/p01/fy2004/top100.h tm Th e Arm s Trade Re s ource

Ce nte r’s Dollar Sh ift: Th e Iraq W ar and th e Ch anging Face of Pe ntagon Contracting is draw n al-m os t e xclus ive ly from th e Pe ntagon’s Top 100 Lis t. Th e Is -s ue Brie f w as publis h e d in Fe bru-ary 2005 and is available on our w e bs ite at h ttp://w w w .w orldpolicy.org/proje cts /arm s /re ports /Top102005Re -port.h tm l

2. Military Contracts Inform a-tion

Th e De fe ns e De partm e nt pos ts contracts value d at $5 m il-lion or m ore e ach bus ine s s day at 5 p.m . and arch ive s th e m on its

s ite . h ttp://w w w .de fe ns e link .m il/con-tracts /At h ttp://w w w .de fe ns e link .m il/s e arch / you can s e arch contracts by com -pany or w e apons s ys te m .

3. Th e Com pany’s W e bs iteTh e s e com panie s are proud

of w h at th e y do, and bank on activ-is ts not paying atte ntion or not h av-ing th e s tom ach to s log th rough th e te ch no-s pe ak to ge t to th e h e art of th e m atte r. From th e ir cor-porate w e bs ite s , one can s ign-up for re gular pre s s re le as e s , de -live re d righ t to your inbox.

4. Ne w s Se arch e sMos t public or unive rs ity librar-

ie s h ave Le xus Ne xus , ProQue s t, or oth e r databas e s to s e arch ne w s pape r article s for inform ation on com panie s . Site s lik e Google Ne w s h ave a “clipping s e rvice ” function th at w ill s e nd article s w ith ce rtain k e y w ords into your e m ail inbox. Vis it Google Ne w s Ale rts h ttp://w w w .google .com /ale rts ?h l=e nto s e t up a clipping s e rvice for your com pany th e re .

From re gular ne w s and bus i-ne s s re ports , an intre pid re s e arch -e r can find out s om e of th e is s ue s facing a particular com pany. Maybe th e ir union is on s trik e or th e y are unde r inve s tigation for s e lling proh ibite d te ch nology to Ir-an or Ch ina. Pe rh aps one of th e ir h e avily s ubs idiz e d gold-tick e t pro-gram s faile d anoth e r te s t or cras h e d be caus e of a m alfunc-tion, or a particularly grue s om e at-tack on civilians in Iraq is th e re s ult of one of th e com pany’s “las e r targe te d for pin-point accur-acy” w e apons going as tray. You can le arn th at th e ir ne w CEO, brough t in to “cle an h ous e and re -s tore inte grity,” h as be e n force d to re s ign be caus e of an adulte r-ous affair w ith a s ubordinate or th at th e ne w e s t Board Me m be r jus t le ft th e a pos ition in th e W h ite H ous e or th e Se nate . All of th is in-form ation h e lps de ve lop a m ore com ple te picture of th e com pany.

5. Once you h ave bas ic inform a-tion on w h at s ort of contracts your com pany is ge tting and h ave a s e ns e of th e big is s ue s facing th e m , one can round out th e pic-

ture w ith th e m one y factor: W h o ge ts ? W h o give s ? W h o is as k ing for w h at? Tak e a trip to Th e Ce n-te r for Re s pons ive Politics ’ Ope n Se cre ts s ite w h e re you can s e arch for your com pany’s cam -paign contributions to e le cte d offi-cials (and lots m ore ). h ttp://w w w .ope ns e cre ts .org/

6. Finally, Th e National Prioritie s Proje ct’s w e bs ite h as a lot of tools to h e lp you m ak e argum e nts about h ow m ilitary s pe nding is s tripping your com m unity of ne e de d re s ource s . h ttp://w w w .nation-alprioritie s .org/

Th e m ilitary indus trial com -ple x is e ve ryw h e re and ye t it is e lu-s ive . Com panie s lik e Ge ne ral Ele ctric don’t “bring good th ings ” and th e bom b to life , m ak ing ligh t bulbs and nucle ar trigge rs at th e s am e tim e . Mounting cons um e r boycotts , th e w ay activis ts did 30 ye ars ago is no longe r all th at e f-fe ctive or pos s ible . W e ne e d ne w s trate gie s .

Th e re are s om e pre tty s oph is t-icate d cam paigns s tigm atiz ing cor-porations doing bus ine s s in place s lik e th e Sudan and Is rae l. Applying th os e “nam e and

s h am e ” tactics to corporations m anufacturing w e apons of m as s de s truction and robbing com -m unitie s of pre cious re s ource s is a us e ful ave nue to e xplore .

Som e of th e oth e rs tools in-clude : Public w itne s s : incre as ing th e political cos t of profiting from w ar; Sh are h olde r cam paigns : e ducation and advocacy in th e corporate boardroom ; Cam paigns to s trip m e rch ants of de ath of th e ir “corporate pe rs onh ood:” le ngth y le gal argum e nts but bril-liant political th e ate r.

Us e ful and im portant s ite s

Top nine w e apons com panie s● Lock h e e d Martin,

w w w .lock h e e dm artin.com● Boe ing, w w w .boe ing.com● North rop Grum m an, w w w .north -

grum .com● Ge ne ral Dynam ics ,

w w w .ge ne raldynam ics .com● H alliburton, w w w .h alliburton.com● Rayth e on, w w w .rayth e on.com ● Unite d Te ch nologie s ,

w w w .utc.com● Scie nce Applications Inte rna-

tional Corporation, w w w .s aic.com● Com pute r Scie nce s Corpora-

tion, w w w .cs c.com

For m ore inform ation● Arm s Trade Re s ource Ce nte r

w w w .w orldpolicy.org/proje cts /arm s /● CorpW atch w w w .corpow atch .org● Ce nte r on Corporate Policy

w w w .corporate policy.org● Com m on Caus e ,

w w w .com m oncaus e .org● Ce nte r for Re s pons ive Politics

w w w .ope ns e cre ts .org● Inte rfaith Ce nte r on Corporate

Re s pons ibility w w w .iccr.org● Proje ct on Corporations , Law

and De m ocracy w w w .poclad.org● Proje ct on Gove rnm e nt Ove r-

s igh t w w w .pogo.org● Taxpaye rs for Com m on

Se ns e w w w .taxpaye r.ne t

3

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BR67/09 /05/e n-int

Donate to W ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rnational

Th e Brok e n Rifle No 67, Se pte m be r 2005 W ar Profite e rs

Frida Be rrigan is a Se nior R e s e arch As sociate w ith th e Arm s Trade R e source Ce nte r of th e World Policy Institute , a m e m be r of th e War R e s iste rs Le ague Exe cutive Com m itte e , and a conve nor of W RL's Anti-M ilitarism Cam paign. In th is article s h e re ve als h ow to start doing re s e arch on cor-porate conne ctions , and s h e pre s e nts us , a num be r of us e ful s ite s . Th e y are all US focus , but I e ncourage you to re ad th is article as a good e x-am ple th at you can us e for doing re s e arch in your ow n re gion.

Th e Military Indus trial Com ple x:H ow to re s e arch corporate conne ctions

1 De ce m be rPris one rs for Pe ace Day

Eve ry ye ar for 1 De ce m be r - Inte rnational Pris one rs for Pe ace Day - W ar Re s is te rs ' Inte rnational com pile s a lis t of pe ople im pris one d for cons cie ntious obje ction or nonviole nt action for pe ace .

Th is ye ar, th e focus w ill be on Eritre a, a country de s troye d by w ar and an auth oritarian re gim e , and w h e re th e only option for cons cie ntious obje ctors - m e n and w om e n - is to fle e th e country.

Ple as e orde r th e cam paign pack (available e arly in Nove m be r) in Englis h , Spanis h , Fre nch or Ge rm an.More inform ation on Eritre a at h ttp://w ri-irg.org/ne w s/2005/e ritre a-e n.h tm

Ph oto: W RI

For th e pas t ye ar, W ar Re s is te rs ’ Inte rnational h as be e n de ve loping a ne w Nonviole nce Program m e . Th e ove rarch ing aim of th e Nonviole nce Program m e is to s tre ngth e n and de e pe n our unde rs tanding of nonviole nce , nonviole nt s trate gie s , and non-viole nt cam paigning, and to de ve lop and provide tools and s upport to groups us ing nonviole nce (s e e BR Num be r 65). One as pe ct of th is w ork is th e de ve lopm e nt of re s ource s for W RI's Cam paign Agains t W ar Profite e rs .

At th e W orld Social Forum in Mum bai in January 2004 Arundh ati Roy calle d for th e m ove m e nt “to be th e re s is tance to th e occupation of Iraq ”, and to focus on tw o m ajor corporations profite e ring from th e occupation. W RI w ill tak e Arundh ati Roy's call, and rais e aw are ne s s th at w ar profite e rs are a caus e of w ar. W RI’s antim ilitaris t de m and is not jus t “tak e profit out of w ar”, but to de nounce w ar profite e ring be caus e “ w ar is a crim e agains t h um anity”. As th e aggre gate policy-m ak ing pow e r of th e s e com panie s is s o gre at th at, ins te ad of s aying “th e y m ak e profit from w ar” it is m ore accu-rate to s ay “th e y m ak e w ar for profit”. It is th e n unde rs tood th at profits of w ar are a caus e of w ar.

Th e proce s s of de ve loping th e cam paign s tarte d at th e 2004 Oh rid Council w h e re w e s tarte d s e arch ing for pos s ible goals and s trate gie s . At th e 2005 Council m e e ting in Se oul, w e dis cus s e d h ow to re s pond to Arundh ati Roy’s call to focus on tw o m ajor com binations and provide s upport for re gional and local cam paigns .

W RI h as pre s e nte d tw o public forum s on th e cam paign. Th e w ork s h op on “Privatiz ation of th e M ilitary/W ar Profite e rs ” at th e 2004 Oh rid Se m inar and th e “Nonviole nt Cam paign Agains t W ar Profite e rs ” w ork s h op at th e 2004 Europe an Social Forum s e rve d as both e ducation forum s and opportunitie s to s olicit ide as .

W RI’s Cam paign Agains t W ar Profite e rs w ill be a com bination of

an inte rnational cam paign focus e d on tw o corporations , and a re s ource for local cam paigns . Th e Nonviole nce Program m e can provide coordination, including a s h aring of s trate gie s , but th e cam paign its e lf w ill be a colle ction of local cam paigns not a s ingle focus e d cam paign out of a ce ntral office . Th e cam paign ne e ds to be bas e d in th e W RI ne tw ork , but w e als o w ant to go be yond our ne tw ork and w ork w ith groups in th e globalis ation from be low m ove m e nts and groups on th e m ove m e nt agains t arm s trade .

Part of th e coordination proce s s is cre ating s logans and a logo th at local cam paigns can adopt. In th is proce s s w e h ave com e up w ith tw o s logans for th e cam paign. Th e bas ic s logan “Stop W ar Profite e rs . W ar is a crim e agains t h um anity” to be us e d in th e logo of th e cam paign. A s e cond s logan “Som e one is m ak ing a k illing from w ar” can be us e d to e xpos e corporation, m a-k ing th e m vis ible by nam ing th e m e .g. “Sode xh o is m ak ing a k illing from w ar”. Th is can be us e d on banne rs , flye rs , s tick e rs , e tc.

Ch alle nge s

It is a ch alle nge to de cide w h ich corporations to pick am ong th e m any w ar profite e rs .

W e only h ave th e capacity to focus on tw o com panie s on th e inte rnational le ve l. Th e re are m any k inds of w ar profite e rs – w e apons m anufacture s , m e rce narie s , re cons truction firm , bank s w h o le nd to th e m , e tc. Many of th e w ar profite e rs involve d in Iraq are US com panie s , and th e re is th e dange r of anti-US s e ntim e nt in organiz ing agains t th os e com panie s . But US corporations are dom inating and w e ne e d to addre s s th at. It is im portant th at w e als o unde rs tand th is is a unive rs al proble m , and w e s h ould look at h ow Europe an com panie s are involve d as w e ll. Th is is a cam paign agains t all w ar profite e rs , not jus t th os e involve d in Iraq . Local groups w ill de cide w h at w ar profite e rs to cam paign agains t. Som e m ay focus on th e inte rnational corporations ch os e n, w h ile oth e rs w ill ch oos e com panie s bas e d in or m os t affe cting th e ir re gion. Organiz ing on a local le ve l can be difficult be caus e jobs are provide d by th e s e com panie s .

It is im portant th at th is cam -paign doe s not duplicate th e w ork of th e arm s trade ne tw ork , but to s tre ngth e n th e w ork agains t profite e ring from w ar.

A critical ch alle nge in de ve loping a Cam paign Agains t W ar Profite e rs is ide ntifying ach ie vable goals . Are w e re ally trying to s h ut dow n a com pany th at profits from w ar? If w e can s h ut a corporation dow n, w on’t s om e one e ls e th e n do th e w ork ? If w e can s e rious ly affe ct one com pany, w ouldn’t th at s e nd a m e s s age to oth e rs , e s pe cially th os e oth e rs th at are th e focus of cam paigns ? In s e arch ing for ach ie vable goals , w e ne e d to find s trate gie s to com bat th e ir influe nce .

Opportunitie s

W h at are th e opportunitie s and s ituations w e can us e as w e w ork on th is cam paign? W RI’s s tre ngth is rais ing m oral is s ue s as a s park for actions , and profiting from w ar is a m oral is s ue . W RI's fundam e ntal critiq ue -– w ar is a crim e agains t h um anity -– now m ore th an e ve r ne e ds to be put forw ard. As th e de ath toll m ounts in Iraq , and th e “re as ons ” for th e w ar are e xpos e d as lie s , th e is s ue of w h o be ne fits from w ar ne e ds to rais e d.

Pos t-w ar re cons truction is ne e de d to give le gitim acy to arm e d inte rve ntion. W ar profite e rs are corporation th at de s troy, “prote ct” and “re build”. And it is th e w ar profite e rs w h o prom ote th e w ars for th e ir profits .

Corporations th at profit from w ar do not w ant to be s e e n for w h at th e y do. Vis ibility is one of th e vulne rabilitie s for th e s e corporations . Th e y try to h ide , th e y do not w ant th e public to k now th at th e y are m ak ing a k illing on w ar. Mak ing th is vis ible m ak e s th e m m ore vulne rable .

Strate gie s th at th e cam paign is de ve loping

● De ve lop re s ource s on w ar

profite e rs . Colle ct and de ve lop re s e arch and cam paign s trate gie s on w ar profite e rs . Th e de ve lopm e nt of W RI's ow n Nonviole nce H andbook and our ow n W ik i w ould be re s ource s to be us e d in th e cam paign.

● Publis h cas e s tudie s of cam paigns agains t w ar profite e rs and oth e r corporations to ins pire our s trate gic cam paign building.

● Dis tribute inform ation on h ow to do your ow n re s e arch on w ar profite e rs .

● Prom ote trainings on nonviole nt dire ct actions , for doing s tre e t actions and for s trate gic nonviole nt cam paign de ve lopm e nt; cre ate re s ource s for local group.

● Sh are s trate gie s be ing us e d by local cam paigns , coordinate w h e n appropriate .

● Cons ide r w riting a “code of conduct” ple dge w h e re by com panie s w ould agre e not to profit from w ar (s im ilar to anti-s w e ats h op ple dge ).

● Mak e th e “Cam paign Agains t W ar Profite e rs ” a priority at 2006 W RI's Trie nnial Confe re nce in Ge rm any, by h aving a “th e m e group” th at w ill bring toge th e r an inte rnational group to focus on th e cam paign.

Joanne Sh e e h an, W RI Ch airJavie r Gárate , W RI Staff m e m be r

4

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No De s cription UK .. Europe .........W orldBrok e n Rifle badge s , m e tal

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_ _ _ H ous m ans Pe ace £7.9 5 €12.00...US$14.00 Diary 2006 and H ous m ans W orld Pe ace Dire ctory ISSN 09 57-0126 ISBN 0-85283-260-5

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