Define: Coup – envoy- bankruptcy Identify: Election of 1988 – George H.W.Bush-

START – Lech Walesa- Boris Yeltsin – Gen. Manuel Noriega- Saddam Hussein – Gen. Norman Schwartzkopf- Balkans War-

Rep.- George H. W. Bush / Dan Quayle “Read my lips – no new taxes” Dem.- Michael Dukakis/Lloyd Bentsen Bush wins – 426 electoral votes to 112 Democrats still control House and Senate

1988- Gorbachev stressed a “new world order” People around the world want independence,

democracy, and social justice Continue programs on arms control 1991- Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty

(START) destroy tanks and other nuclear weapons Soviet people endured shortages of food, basic

items – expressed dissatisfaction of Communist rule

Soviet satellite nations begin to demand change

POLAND Lech Walesa, leader of Solidarity ( labor union

of shipyard workers) – led reform movement – will eventually have open elections in June 1989.

Other Eastern European countries had demonstrations – opened borders

Nov. 1989- Berlin Wall torn down – iron curtain concept begins to disappear.

1990 East & West Germany reunite

Gorbachev faced opposition within – hard-line communists in military and secret police resisted change – Aug. 1991 staged coup – held Gorbachev captive –ordered soldiers to seize parliament building.

Pres. Boris Yeltsin stated democracy would win – Pres. Bush would support. Gorbachev released

Soviet republics (15) declared independence- Yeltsin outlawed the Communist Party

Dec. 25, 1991- end of Soviet Union Spring 1992- Pres. Bush and other leaders

pledged $24 billion in aid to former Soviet republics.

Pres. Bush declared war on drugs – affected Bush’s policy in Central AmericaGen. Manuel Noriega – corruption and political repression – charged with drug trafficking in 1988- refused to yield power to newly elected president, Guillermo EndaraDec. 1989 Bush ordered US troops to overthrow Noriega- surrendered – later convicted in US court

Pres. Bush former CIA director- envoy (diplomatic representative ) to China in 1974

May 1989 Chinese students and workers demonstrated for democracy – China’s gov’t sent troops in Tiananmen Square killing hundreds.

Bush avoided criticism to keep trade with China.

Aug. 2,1990 – Iraq’s Saddam Hussein sent army into oil rich Kuwait –

Pres. Bush and other nations joined Operation Desert Shield- troops sent to Saudi Arabia to prevent invasion

Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf commanded coalition forces – UN gave deadline of Jan. 15, 1991 to withdraw or allies would use force.

Iraq refused –allies launched Operation Desert Storm on Jan.16th.

Allies used laser-guided missiles –bombing to destroy Iraq’s air defense and military targets

Late Feb. allies began ground war –within a week, Iraq accepted allied cease-fire terms – pulled out of Kuwait. Iraqi troops set fire to oil wells as they fled.

US celebrated success – Gen. Colin Powell, chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff , Schwarzkopf and Pres. Bush soared in opinion polls.

YUGOSLAVIA1991 – Republics of

Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina declared independence.

Croatia & Bosnia populated by Serbs – fought to hold on to areas – thousands died in civil war.

Atrocities committed outraged world leaders.

1992- United Nations passed resolution placing boycott on trade with Serbia until the fighting stopped.

Pres. Bush faced banking crisis – Reagan’s term had cut regulations, easing restrictions on savings and loan associations

(S&L)- financial institutions that specialized in

making loans to buy homes. New laws allowed S&L managers to offer

attractive returns to savers for making risky loans. When borrowers could not repay loans, real estate values dropped.

S&L companies lost money – gov’t had to pay out billions to customers of failed institutions. Eventually, this cost gov’t $500 billion.

Federal debt rose – business and personal debt grew – by 1990, US in recession.

Many people and businesses declared bankruptcy ( condition of being unable to pay one’s debts - selling off everything they owned to pay debt)

Job losses – military cutbacks hurt economy People asked gov’t to stimulate economy – Pres. Bush refused; however, he extended unemployment benefits

1989- Created Office of National Drug Control – provided federal agencies to stop drug war.

1990- Clean Air Act 1991- Americans with Disabilities Act Law -

combating job discrimination- required institutions to provide disabled people with easier access to workplaces, communications, transportation, and housing