THE CANADIAN BREWER SPECTROPHOTOMETER NETWORK

(CBSN)

by: Tom Grajnar

Ozone and UV Network Manager

The Brewer Spectrophotometer: A Canadian Contribution to the Global Ozone and UV

Monitoring Programme

• Developed to replace Dobson spectrophotometer as prime standard for ground-based ozone monitoring

• Is a modified Ebert spectrophotometer that can be used to measure total column ozone, SO2, NO2, ozone profile, aerosol optical depth and temperature of the ozone layer

• 1979-Development began at MSC • 1980-Working prototype displayed at QOS in Boulder• 1980-Initiation of Commercial production at SCI-TEC (now Kipp & Zonen) • 1982-First foreign MKII delivered to Greece• 1985-First MKIV• 1987-Patented by Kerr et al.• 1992-First MKIII• 1997-First MSC MKV• 2000-Over 165 Brewers in 43 countries and Antarctica

CBSN: History

• 1957 to 1962 - Implementation of Dobson Network – 5 stations

• 1982 to 1994 – Implementation of Brewer Network – 13 stations

CBSN: Present State

• Canada:– 13 stations– 28 Brewer spectrophotometers (+31

computers)– 1 Dobson spectrophotometer

• United States:– 1 station (Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii)– 2 Brewer spectrophotometers (+3 computers)

CBSN: Station Location and Instrumentation

Name Latitude Longitude Dobson Brewer Ozonesonde

  (North) (West) Network  Network  Network 

Alert 82.451 62.508 1957 - 1958  1989 - Present 1987

Churchill 58.739 94.075 1964 - 1989 1986 - Present 1973

Edmonton (Stony Plain) 53.548 114.109 1957 - 1988 1984 - Present 1970

Eureka 79.989 85.934   1992 - Present 1992

Goose Bay 53.306 60.363 1962 - 1988 1985 - Present 1969

Halifax (Dartmouth) 44.665 63.570   1992 - Present  

Mauna Loa (HI, USA) 19.536 155.576   1997 - Present  

Montreal 45.468 73.742   1993 - Present  

Moosonee 51.237 80.680 1957 - 1961

Regina 50.210 104.670   1994 - Present  

Resolute Bay 74.705 94.969 1957 - 1990 1987- Present 1966

Saskatoon 52.108 106.713   1998 - 2002  

Saturna Island 48.775 123.128   1990 - Present  

Toronto 43.781 79.468 1960 - Present 1984 - Present  

Winnipeg 49.895 97.236   1992 - Present  

CBSN: Station Map

South

B5 B3 011 B1 (158) A1 014 A4 015 A7 145 A10 (017) Network Kipp & Zonen Triad Triad Satellite IOS Backup Traveling Standard Standard Ground Traveling

Standard Truthing Standard

B6 B4 038 B2 (028) A2 008 A5 046 A8 085 A11 080 Traveling Special Triad Backup UV Lamp Cals New Standard Studies Standard Traveling UV Intercomp Electronics

Standard New Software Test Test

A3 022 A6 039 A9 007 A12 (032)NO2 WMO Space Group NO2

Standard Traveling Field Standard Standard Campaigns

North

NOTES:(1) The location codes appear to the left of the box.(2) Parentheses around the Brewer number indicate that the Brewer is not installed or not operational.

BREWER SPECTROMETER LOCATION MAP

Valid: May 16, 2003

CBSN Management and Maintenance: Purpose

• Long-term monitoring of total column ozone and solar spectral ultraviolet radiation

• Provision of near real-time data for use in CMC ozone and UV forecasts

• Submission of data to WOUDC for long-term archival (trends studies)

• Ozone transfer calibrations— for other organizations

CBSN Management and Maintenance: Staff

• Direct– Network Manager– Network Technologist– Three Interns (9 months each)

• One intern supporting network operations• Two interns writing software

• Indirect– Station employees– Station contractors

CBSN Management and Maintenance:Key Operational Tools

• Budget spreadsheets

• Brewer parts inventory database

• Electronic station Log Forms

• Various other databases

Canadian Brewer Spectrometer Network (CBSN): Actual Salary, Capital and O & M Budgets Charged to CBSN Project for Fiscal 2003-04

Prepared: April 14, 2003

Category Item Costs Totals % of Section

            Total %Totals

Salary                

Staff Staff salaries (including overhead)         $142,262   71.0%

Overtime for all station travel       $4,500   2.2%

Total Salary             $146,762 73.3% 73.3%

Capital                  

Equipment Brewer Spectrometers         $0   0.0%  

Computer Systems         $0   0.0%

Other Equipment         $0   0.0%

Station infrastructure upgrades         $1,350   0.7%  

Total Equipment             $1,350 0.7% 0.7%

O & M                  

Station Visits Maintenance, calibration, repairs, training, upgrades at Brewer stns     $10,768   5.4%

Station Contracts Total contract costs         $14,645   7.3%  

Shipping Shipment of calibration equipment to stations for 2 year cal, mtnce, repair cycle $15,193   7.6%  

Shipment of supplies, parts and repair equipment to stations       $400   0.2%  

Equipment Equipment maintenance         $4,200   2.1%  

Communications Internet service providers (for non-Government stations)       $2,393   1.2%  

Telephone lines (for stations with modem communications)       $2,051   1.0%  

Training Estimated training for both Manager and Technician including travel costs   $0   0.0%  

Estimated training of station contractors $0   0.0%  

Contingency Approximately 3% of total O & M budget         $2,500   1.2%  

Total O & M             $52,150 26.0% 26.0%

Total Estimated CBSN Budget for Fiscal 2003           $200,262 100.0% 100.0%

Canadian Brewer Spectrometer Network (CBSN): Pro Forma Salary, Capital and O & M Budgets Charged to CBSN Project for Fiscal 2003-04

Prepared: April 14, 2003

Category Item Costs Totals % of Section

            Total %Totals

Salary                

Staff Staff salaries (with 0.5 of a Computer Programmer incl. overhead)     $179,429   19.8%

Overtime for all station travel       $8,000   0.9%

Total Salary             $187,429 20.7% 20.7%

Capital                  

Equipment Brewer Spectrometers         $480,000   53.1%  

Computer Systems         $18,000   2.0%

Other Equipment         $37,321   4.1%

Station infrastructure upgrades         $15,000   1.7%  

Total Equipment             $550,321 60.8% 60.8%

O & M                  

Station VisitsMaintenance, calibration, repairs, training, upgrades at Brewer

stations     $25,559   2.8%

Station Contracts Total contract costs         $14,645   1.6%  

Shipping Shipment of calibration equipment to stations for 2 year cal, mtnce, repair cycle $15,193   1.7%  

Shipment of supplies, parts and repair equipment to stations       $1,000   0.1%  

Equipment Equipment maintenance         $68,175   7.5%  

Communications Internet service providers (for non-Government stations)       $2,393   0.3%  

Telephone lines (for stations with modem communications)       $2,051   0.2%  

Training Estimated training for both Manager and Technician incl. travel costs   $6,000   0.7%  

Estimated training of station contractors $5,000   0.6%  

Contingency Approximately 3% of total budget         $27,000   3.0%  

Total O & M             $167,016 18.5% 18.5%

Total Estimated CBSN Budget for Fiscal 2003           $904,766 100.0% 100.0%

CBSN Management and Maintenance:Key Operational Tools – Parts Inventory Database

• Microsoft Access Database• Over 800 entries• Information:

– Product ID#– Product Name– Product Description– Kipp & Zonen or Supplier Part #’s and Prices– Storage Location– Quantity in stock– Quantity required in stock– Quantity to order

CBSN Management and Maintenance:Key Operational Tools – Log Form

• Excel workbook

• One sheet per month

• One Log File per year

• Sections:– Contact information– Daily checks– Notes for proper Brewer operation and maintenance– Frequency of non-daily checks– Table to log non-daily checks– Table to log other maintenance notes

BREWER SPECTROMETER DAILY LOG FORM

(Refer to "Sample" Log Form worksheet for a sample of a filled-in form)

(This form can be re-sized using the "Zoom" option under the "View" menu)

For Brewer Spectrometer issues please contact:

Contact Name Email Phone

Manager Tom Grajnar Tom.Grajnar@ec.gc.ca (416) 739-4633

Technologist Mike Brohart Michael.Brohart@ec.gc.ca (416) 739-5735

Backup Edmund Wu Edmund.Wu@ec.gc.ca (416) 739-4256

Day CUT/GMT Brewer Computer Corrected Name of Cleaned Operator's

  Time of Date & Julian Time off Computer Schedule Dome and Initials

  Check Day Correct? by Time in use Window  

(DD) (HHMM) (y or n) (+/- sec.) (y or n) (y or n)  

1              

2            

3            

4              

5              

6              

Frequency of Checks and Maintenance:

(1) Computer check, dome/window cleaning and moisture check should be performed daily.

(2) Steps per Revolution and sightings should be performed close to the 1st and 15th of each month.

(3) Desiccant checks should be performed as close to the 1st and 15th of each month as possible.

(4) Clean azimuth drive plate edge at least every 2 months (monthly is better). Inform the Manager

(or another contact if the Manager is unavailable) if there are any bits or flakes of aluminum on the plate edge.

Desiccant     Steps/Revolution Sightings Day Drive

Day Box Tube Day Number Day CUT Horizon North Plate

Log % Pink and if Log % Pink and if (DD) of Steps (DD) TIME Correction Correction Cleaned

(DD) Replaced (y or n) Replaced (y or n) Previous Previous       (Preferably

ex.: 15 75 / y 50 / y Month Month Monthly)

            (DD)

               

             

           

Day Other Maintenance and Abnormal Brewer Operation (continue below table if space insufficient)

(DD) (Provide detailed note of all problems and all changes made with CUT time of change and operator initials)

                 

                   

                   

                 

CBSN Management and Maintenance:Station Visits -- Overview

• For: calibrations, maintenance, repairs, training• Visit frequency: every 2 years• Ideal staff complement: 2• Duration: about 6 days incl. travel time• Equipment: about 450 kg• Completed so far this year

– Alert

• Additional station visits this year: – Goose Bay, Dartmouth, Montreal, Mauna Loa?

CBSN Management and Maintenance:Station Visits -- Agenda

• Calibration reference + details• Preliminary diagnostics examination• Initial Calibrations (Dispersion, UV, Ozone, etc.)• Maintenance + repairs (260 checks)• New equipment installation + upgrades• Final Calibrations (Dispersion, UV, Ozone, etc.)• Calibration data processing• Installation of new constants• Computer maintenance (15 checks)• Station inventory (50 checks)• Station photos + panorama • GPS station coordinates check• Training• Report finalization

CBSN Management and Maintenance:Station Visits – New Activities

• Pressure test all Brewers

• Installation of a sky cameras

• Installation of a land cameras

CBSN Management and Maintenance:Station Visits – Future Upgrades

• Humidity sensors• External desiccant system (closed cases)• Sky and land cameras• Proportionally controlled heaters with fans• Umkehr measurements at all stations

• NO2 measurements where possible

• Insulated covers for Arctic and northern stations

CBSN Management and Maintenance: Arctic Strategy

• Historically the most problematic

• Network Brewers range in age from 6 to 21 years -> average = 18 years

• Arctic challenges:– High employee/contractor turnover (or no staff)– High cost of non-scheduled station visit – High cost of shipping parts back and forth for testing– Time lag due to infrequent flights, wx conditions employee/contractor time available to

test/diagnose

• Two Brewers each with one computer– Alert: red + single, Eureka: red + double, Resolute: red + single

• Benefits:– Dramatic reduction in data record gaps– Red vs regular Brewer ozone measurement studies– Spare + diagnostic equipment already there– Data comparison

Software Tools: Calibration Software

• Ozone calibration: intcom3a/BfilePro• Dispersion calibration: DisPro• UV calibration: LampsPro• Temperature coefficients: TempCoef• GS scan analysis: GraSPro• Mirror positioning: Et.rtn• Neutral density filter test: Testfw2• Sunscans: IdealStepNumber• Zenith sky coefficients: FullZen

Ozone Intercomparison

Analysis Software: Intcom3a

Sheet: 158 20020731

Original New PD New PD New PD New PD Mean PD New PD

Coeff (New - (New - (New - (New - of (New - (New -

(Old) Old) Old) Old) Old) Old) Old)

Start Day 200 204 205 211 200 200

End Day 200 204 205 211 204 204

Reference 008 008 008 008 205 205

Pre- or Post-Refurb? Pre Pre Pre Pre 211 211

Ozone ETC 1705 1711 0.35 1699 -0.35 1703 -0.12 1693 -0.70 1701.5 -0.21 1705 0.00

SO2 ETC 98 139 41.84 36.1 -63.16 124 26.53 43 -56.12 86 -12.73 90 -8.16

Ozone Absorption 0.3467 0.3462 -0.14 0.3468 0.03 0.3462 -0.14 0.3478 0.32 0.3468 0.01 0.3463 -0.12

SO2 Absorption 1.1792 1.1692 -0.85 1.1852 0.51 1.1749 -0.36 1.1847 0.47 1.1785 -0.06 1.1782 -0.08

Number of Points 31 30 32 33 126

accepted # points 29 26 22 25 106

% criteria 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

airmass cutoff 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3

min mu 1.086 1.093 1.131 1.114 1.086

max mu 3.061 3.289 3.286 3.273 3.289

min. ref ozone 306 303 309 306 302

est. mean ref ozone 321 312 315 312 315

max. ref ozone 316 327 325 316 326

MKII, IV MKII, III, IV MKV MKV First Last Wavelength Neutral Lamp Region Wavelength Lines Ext. Range Lines Ext. Range slit slit (AU) Density (AU)

8 1 (day 2) 1 (day 2) 1 (day 2) 0 5 2893.600 0 Hg UV 5787.200 9 2 (day 2) 2 (day 2) 2 (day 2) 0 5 2967.280 1 Hg UV 5394.560

3 (day 2) 3 (day 2) 0 5 3341.480 0 or 1** Hg UV 3 (day 2) 4 (day 2) 0 2 2730.37* 1 Hg VIS 5460.740 4 4 4 4 0 5 3133.167 0 Cd UV 6266.334 5 5 5 5 3 5 3261.055 1 Cd UV 6522.110

6 6 0 5 3403.652 0 ro 1** Cd UV7 7 1 5 3499.950 0 Cd UV8 8 5 5 3611.630 2 or 3** Cd UV

6 9 3 5 3219.235* 0 Cd VIS 6438.470 6 4 (day 2) 7 5 (day 2) 0 5 2932.630 0 In UV 5865.260 7 5 (day 2) 8 6 (day 2) 0 5 3039.360 0 In UV 6078.720 1 1 1 1 0 5 3018.360 0 Zn UV 6036.720 2 2 2 2 0 5 3035.780 0 Zn UV 6071.560 3 3 3 3 4 5 3282.330 1 Zn UV 6564.660

4 (day 2) 0 5 2926.244* 0 Ne VIS 5852.4885 (day 2) 0 5 2972.417* 0 Ne VIS 5944.8346 (day 2) 0 5 3014.999* 0 Ne VIS 6029.9987 (day 2) 0 5 3037.169* 0 Ne VIS 6074.3388 (day 2) 0 5 3108.64* 0 Ne VIS 6217.2809 (day 2) 0 5 3133.248* 0 Ne VIS 6266.496

Note: "Day 2" is a reminder to change the Brewer date (say to the next day) when doing these lines or will overwrite the previous ones because of the file naming convention used by the Brewer software.Note: "*" indicates that for these lines in the visible that the wavelength in the last column should be entered when requested.Note: "**" indicates that either ND filter could be used depending on the sensitivity of a given Brewer.

Spectral Lamp Lines for Brewer Spectrometer Dispersion Calibration

May 3, 2003

Calibration Procedures: UV Calibration

• Irradiance source: 1,000 Watt DXW NIST traceable lamps

• Lamps operated at 8.0 amps DC in horizontal position

• 40 cm distance from middle of lamp filament to teflon diffuser

• Lamp system components:– Power supply: Xantrex model XHR 150-7

• 8.3 amp current limit and 16-bit resolution with RS232 interface– Digital Voltmeter: HP Model 34420A nono-volt/micro-Ohm meter

• 7.5 digits resolution– Shunt: Isotek model RUG-Z-R100-0.1

• 0.1 ohm resistor (0.1% tolerance, 1ppm/degree C TCR)– Reference precision standard resistor: Guildline model 9222/0.05

Resistor s/n 33635– Computer: IBM compatible with RS232 interface for instrument control

Calibration Procedures: UV Calibration

• Computer controls power supply and DVM via a single serial port

• The current is set to 8.0 amps

• Every 10 seconds voltage across shunt is measured and checked to be within 0.0014% of 8.0 amp target

• Adjustments are made as required to satisfy this criteria

UV Cal Procedure

(1) pdzetupf3 (ensuring that new tu.rtn file has been installed).

(2) UV calibration preparation for MKII: pdreb1pofrhgslapdtrspf UV calibration preparation for MKIII: pdreb1pofrhphgslapdtrspf

(3) During UV calibration for MKII: pdzeqlb1zeqlzehgslpf During UV calibratoin for MKIII: pdzeqlzeqlzehphgslpf

The Brewer Reference Triad

• Established in 1984• Consists of Brewers 008, 014 and 015• Each Brewer is calibrated absolutely and independently• Each of the triad goes to MLO for a two week period at

least every 8 years to collect data for an absolute calibration

• Any refurbishment or changes to the instrument are done at this time

• Not a requirement that the same instruments remain part of the triad even though this has been the case

• The long-term mean standard deviation among the 3 instruments is < 1%

Implementation and Maintenance of the CBSN Traveling Standard Brewer

• Primary and backup traveling standards

• Instruments must demonstrate high quality diagnostics and good stability

• SL ratios and other diagnostics are checked before leave MSC, on arrival at station and on return to MSC

• Calibrated against the triad at least annually, more frequently if concerns exist

Software Tools: Remote Control Software

• PCAnywhere 9.2

• Used for:– Diagnostics– Testing– File upload/download

• Connections:– 5 stations with TCP inside MSC firewall– 2 stations with TCP outside MSC firewall– 6 stations with modem outside MSC firewall

Software Tools: Brewer Control Software

• Network Brewer software: v3.75e/3.75f

• VB6.0 Brewer software in development:– Temporary setback—loss of programmer– Two intern programmers for 9 months– About 85 of the 100 routines completed– Will support all Brewer models and all 3 electronic

board configurations– Completion of Stage II could be as soon as

September 2003 followed by submission to interested parties for Beta testing and comment

Data Transfer from Stations

• Ozone and uv bulletins (and some images several times per hour from each Brewer to CMC (and GTS) and to MSC website

• All new Brewer data, program, constants, log and image files on a daily basis to CBSN server

• WOUDC downloads files from CBSN server daily

Data Quality Assurance Procedures

• First level Q/A—Real-time Bulletins– Automatically displayed to desktop computer screens– Compare ds ozone with uv ozone– Note time of last bulletin to ensure continuous operation

• Second level Q/A– Monthly diagnostics checks—action as required– Monthly Log Form checks—Feedback to station operators

• Final Data Q/A– Data processing and submission to WOUDC by Vitali Fioletov

Final Processing of Observations from Individual Stations: New BDMS Software

• Processes B- and UV-files at the same time• Calculates ozone and UV from raw counts• Works directly with ICF and DCF files• “Flexible” SL test correction

– Allows specification of time window and weighting function– Typically use median value which works well with spikes and

calibrations • HG test-based quality control

– Rejection of data if hg after data changes by more than 3 to 5 steps or if low correlation coefficient

– If before hg is bad then data acceptance constraints are tougher– If before and after hg are bad then data is rejected

• Outputs daily ozone values and individual measurements in ExtCSV format

Final Processing of Observations from Individual Stations: New UV Algorithm

• Linear responsivity interpolation• Stray light correction

– Using laser scan data (if available)– Otherwise use parameterization

• Total ozone and SO2 calculation• “Spikes” correction• HG control

– Use same process describe above for total ozone

• Angular response correction

Application of New BDMS Software

• Currently only Canadian data is processed every 4 to 6 months

• Looking into processing UV data for other countries

• Not currently available for public use due to lack of good user interface and installation package

• Intention exists to make it widely available

CBSN as an Example for the Regional Networking of Brewer Stations in the GAW Network

• CBSN is an example of how a Brewer Network might be operated with minimal resources

• Best to get input from other Brewer networks and scientists and recommend a set of “minimal requirements” for proper Brewer operation and a set of “optimal requirements”

• These recommendations may then be forwarded to the Brewer Ad-Hoc Committee and the WMO to act as a guide for others and be tailored to their own resource situation

New Developments for WOUDC

• New Web Address: http:///www.woudc.org

• New Web Form: http://www.woudc.org/data/MetaQuery/metaquery_e.cfm– Allows users to sub search on what data are available from the WOUDC

archive

• Calibrations– It has become an important issue to have data originators include

calibration information, inter-comparison details and summaries and any reports dealing with the status of instruments

– It is important to have this information sent to the WOUDC– The archive is designed to accommodate and report on this information

• WOUDC News– The Czech Dobson and Brewer analysis programs are being

successfully used by several data originators (contributors) to the WOUDC archive

New Developments for WOUDC/BDMS

• New Web site– WOUDC web site has undergone recent changes and so will the BDMS

portion of the site– Changes are expected to be completed by late summer 2003.

• Meeting reports– Will continue to post meeting reports from Biennial Brewer

meetings– Hopefully can add reports from inter-comparisons.

• Bulletin board for Brewer community– BDMS web site may also used as a Brewer community “bulletin board”

for information such as standard operating procedures, best practises, lessons learned, even FAQs about networks and operations.

• Ad hoc reports– Reports from the Brewer Sub-committee will be posted at this site