The category of mood The category of mood

The category of mood The category of mood is an explicit verbal is an explicit verbal category expressing category expressing the relation of the the relation of the action denoted by the action denoted by the predicate to reality as predicate to reality as stated by the speaker. stated by the speaker. It is one of the most It is one of the most important means of important means of expressing modality expressing modality

Presumably, in Modern English there are the Presumably, in Modern English there are the Indicative Mood, the Imperative Mood and the Indicative Mood, the Imperative Mood and the so-called Oblique Moods:so-called Oblique Moods:

the Subjunctive Ithe Subjunctive I the Subjunctive IIthe Subjunctive II the Suppositional Moodthe Suppositional Mood the Conditional Moodthe Conditional Mood

When using the Indicative Mood the When using the Indicative Mood the speaker represents the action as really speaker represents the action as really taking place, as a real fact; when he uses taking place, as a real fact; when he uses the Imperative Mood the speaker directly the Imperative Mood the speaker directly induces the listener(s) to produce the induces the listener(s) to produce the action required; but when he uses an action required; but when he uses an oblique mood he represents the action not oblique mood he represents the action not as a real fact but only as desirable, as a real fact but only as desirable, necessary, possible, imaginary, etc.necessary, possible, imaginary, etc.

Example:Example:

1) I1) I wish I wish I werewere sixteen. sixteen.

2) It is necessary that 2) It is necessary that you you should go should go there there immediately.immediately.

3) If it 3) If it werewere summer now summer now we we would gowould go to the to the Crimea.Crimea.

The problem of the The problem of the number of moods in number of moods in Modern English Modern English

German grammarian German grammarian M.Deutchbein-16 M.Deutchbein-16 moods moods

Russian scholar Russian scholar L.S.Barkhudarov-no L.S.Barkhudarov-no oblique moods at alloblique moods at all

A.I. Smirnitsky-4 A.I. Smirnitsky-4 Oblique moods Oblique moods

I.B.Khlebnikova - 5 I.B.Khlebnikova - 5 oblique moodsoblique moods

Oblique Moods Oblique Moods

absence of direct absence of direct correspondence between correspondence between the form and meaning the form and meaning

Examples:Examples: 1. It's necessary that I 1. It's necessary that I

should goshould go there tomorrow there tomorrow (the Suppositional Mood)(the Suppositional Mood)

2. If I knew about it I 2. If I knew about it I should should gogo there tomorrow there tomorrow (the (the Conditional Mood) Conditional Mood)

3.3. II should goshould go there there tomorrow tomorrow (a modal phrase) (a modal phrase) = = II must go there tomorrow.must go there tomorrow.

the same meaning may be the same meaning may be rendered by different rendered by different grammatical forms.grammatical forms.

Examples:Examples: It is necessary that you It is necessary that you

should go should go there there (the (the Suppositional Mood)Suppositional Mood)

= = It is necessary that you go It is necessary that you go

there there (the Subjunctive I).(the Subjunctive I).

The problem of The problem of polysemy and polysemy and homonymy of mood homonymy of mood forms. forms. There are no homonymous There are no homonymous

forms - the very existence forms - the very existence of the oblique moods as a of the oblique moods as a special morphological special morphological category becomes doubtful category becomes doubtful

There are forms of special There are forms of special moods which are moods which are distinguished from each distinguished from each other according to the other according to the category of correlation. category of correlation.

the Indicative Mood in a the Indicative Mood in a special use can be special use can be observed.observed.

Examples:Examples: 11. . He He knewknew everything and everything and

told her about it; 2. If I told her about it; 2. If I knewknew about it I should tell about it I should tell her everything. her everything.

Questions for self-Questions for self-correctioncorrection::

1) What type of expressing 1) What type of expressing modality do you know?modality do you know?

2) What is the category of 2) What is the category of mood? Give a definition.mood? Give a definition.

3) How many moods are there 3) How many moods are there in Modern English and in Modern English and Ukrainian?Ukrainian?

4) What is the reasons for the 4) What is the reasons for the existing controversy of views existing controversy of views on the essence and number of on the essence and number of moods in Modern English?moods in Modern English?

5) What can you say about the 5) What can you say about the problem of polysemy and problem of polysemy and homonymy in the system of homonymy in the system of moods in Modern English?moods in Modern English?

6) Do any implicit lexico-6) Do any implicit lexico-grammatical categories restrict grammatical categories restrict the realization of the category the realization of the category of mood in Modern English and of mood in Modern English and Ukrainian?Ukrainian?

The EndThe End