The Catholic Church in the Middle Ages

Violence, Influence, and Beauty

Why was it so powerful?

1. It owned land2. It was rich-tithes, gifts3. It excommunicated

people4. It could not be

controlled by the King

Benefits from the Church

Provide Education

Give people hope and sense of

security

Help the Poor and Sick

Give structure to society

Cathedrals became

very important. Why?•Showed the Church was center of life•Showed the Church was blessed by God•They were built by the community and became a unifying project. •They were beautiful and displayed local art and sculpture•They gave people a place to feel hope and inspiration•They revealed the power and wealth of the Church

How does architecture change in

the Middle Ages?

•Style switch from Romanesque to Gothic Style

•The Gothic style occurs as the Church’s power and wealth increases in the High Middle Ages.

•Some people see the Gothic style as a symbol of the Church’s extravagance.

What is the typical shape of

many Cathedrals?

Romanesque

Style

Architecture

Early Middle Ages

•Rounded Arches

•Barrel Vaults

•Thick Walls

•Dark Simple interiors

•Small windows

Gothic Style ArchitectureThe High Middle

Ages

•Pointed Arches

•High Narrow Vaults

•Thinner Walls

•Flying Buttresses

•Elaborate, Ornate interiors

•Stained Glass Windows

Click icon to add picture

Pointed Arches The Arch bore more of the

weight than the walls

Therefore, the walls could be thinner

The roof was higher and the interior was more open

Q: What is a Flying Buttress?A: A support that connected inner walls to outer towers

Q: Why are they important?A: They support the walls so they can be higher and thinner

Which style is it?

What was on the outside of Gothic

Cathedrals?

Gargoyles:Grotesque Monsters

Why? Rain spoutsAND to protect the Church from evil

Ornate Decorations

Q: What was the inside the Cathedral like?

A: Tall, open, full of light and color

Images in the Church

The Use of Paintings and

Stained Glass

Q: Why were pictures so important?

A: Most people were illiterate so the Church used images to teach about the Bible, the danger of Hell, and the importance of the Saints.

Stained Glass Windows

Thinner walls allowed beautiful windows

Colors made from plants, shells, dyes mixed into the glass

Pictures were from Biblical stories or were about famous leaders and important people from the time

The “Poor Man’s Bible” window at CanterburyCathedral 13th century

A wall sized mural on Chaldon Church in England.

A demon pulling people off the

ladder

An angel helping people up the

ladder

Evil doers being put into a pot of boiling water

A bridge of spikes for dishonest tradesmen

Review: Cathedrals With your table discuss why Cathedrals were

so important in the Middle Ages

Illuminated Manuscripts

What is an illumination?

•An Embellishment (decoration) added•the pages of a manuscript

•Comes from illuminate which means •to fill with light.

•Letters were covered with Gold Leaf which made them appear to glow.

•Typically the first letter of a page or paragraph

•Surrounded by plants, flowers, or mythical figures

Why were illuminations important?

•Done by Monks and kept in Cathedrals

•Often upon request from the King to show importance of document

•Great beauty and wealth

Relics and Pilgrimages

•People travel to see items belonging to Christ or Saints

•(Wood from the Cross, Bones, Hair, Cloth, Crucifix)

•Had Special Powers—Healing, Forgiveness

•Items kept in Churches and Cathedrals

Santiago de Compostela

•Spain•Remains of St. James

Canterbury

Tomb of Saint Thomas Becket

Cloth soaked in his blood

Results of Pilgrimages

•Growth of Cathedrals and Shrines

•Growth of Towns

•Growth of Travel and Tourism

•Growth of Tolerance

The Crusades:1095-1290 2 Centuries of Religious

War

The Byzantine Empire

•Eastern Half of the Roman Empire—split in 330AD

•Still prospered until1100 while rest of empire broke into European Countries (Dark Ages)

•Situated between Europe and the Islamic World

•Capital was Constantinople

•Christian but Eastern Orthodox, not Roman Catholic. Therefore, not under control of the Pope

What was the problem for the

Byzantine Empire?

• The Seljuk Turks were invading

• The Turks restricted pilgrimages to the Holy

Land

How do the Crusades Begin?

•Byzantines cry HELP!!

•Pope Urban II agrees.

•Why?

Look at the sources on page

195 and see if you can

determine all the reasons people

responded to the Pope’s request

Reasons from the Sources

Help protect your brothers from the evil Muslims

Jerusalem needs to be rescued

Sins would immediately be forgiven

Stop fighting each other, fight the Muslims

Better land and the chance to get rich

Other reasons to help the Byzantine Empire

Unite Western Europe in a common cause with the Pope as the leader

The Holy Land and the Byzantine Empire controlled prosperous trade routes

Protect Christendom from the Spread of Islam

Eastern Orthodox Church was a rival of the Catholic Church

How did the Church convince

people to go fight for the First

Crusade?

Free from Penance and a sure spot in Heaven

Sell it as a ‘Pilgrimage’

“God Wills It”

Why did people really go?

•Religious Reasons

•To Get Rich

•To See the World

First Crusade: Christians Capture

Jerusalem

1. Examine the sources on page 196-197 and see if you can determine the reasons the Christians were successful.

2. Also, according to the sources, how did manyChristians act on this Crusade?

3. How believable are all of these sources? For each source, discuss one reason the report might be biased.

How many Crusades are there?

8• Christians capture Jerusalem in

the 1st, • Set up 4 Crusader States that

they rule for awhile• Lose it by the 3rd • Never win anything else (5

more wars)

Crusade or Invasion? Muslims and Christians did (and some still

do) have different opinions about the Crusades. Look at the textbook excerpts on page 200. Answer the 3 questions in the yellow box.

Make a prediction: Who benefitted most from the Crusades—the Christians in Europe or the Muslims in the Middle East? What are some ways both cultures might have changed because of 200 years of religious war?

Were the Muslims and Christians

fighting for the entire 200 years?

Look at the sources on page 200 and 201. How did Muslims and Christians live together in the years between the Crusades?

Were the Crusades good or bad?

Bad 1 million Dead

Strengthens Religious Intolerance

Speeds the end of the Islamic Renaissance

Black Death

Good Opens trade

Returns knowledge and learning to the West

Returns Science and invention to the West

Speeds the beginning of Europe’s Renaissance

Response to the Black Death

Wealthy flee to secluded estates—better survival rate

Church—some good (2/3 of Monks and Nuns die, some bad—turn people away)

Lack of compassion and care in communities, families,

People turn to religious extremists (Flagellants)

People look for scapegoats (Jews)

Effects of the Black Death

Black Death completes what the Crusades began—fully changes Medieval Society

Political and Economic

Breaks the bonds of loyalty and relationship that are crucial for the stability of the Feudal system

Creates a labor shortage of peasants—therefore peasants can ‘charge’ for the labor

Religious

Weakens people’s faith and belief in the Church

Weakens the Church’s political power (Flagellants)

Were the effects of the Black Death positive or negative for

Europe?

Think about this question and write a 1 paragraph response that answers it…

Remember a paragraph does not need LOTS of detail. Just enough to explain a little (1 or 2 sentences of detail for each example)

Type your paragraph double spaced and hand it in next class.

The Inquisition

Process of the Inquisition

2. Trial

4. Punishment

1. Investigation

3. Torture