The Cell

The basic unit of all living things

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Robert Hooke was the first to name the cell (1665)

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The Cell Theory

*The cell is the unit of Structure and function of all living things. *All living things are composed of 1 or more cells * All cells come from Pre-existing cells.

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Cell Types

Prokaryotic cells – (Streptococcus, E.coli, etc.) NO NUCLEUS

Eukaryotic cells. These include: plants, animals, fungi & protists. NUCLEUS!

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ANIMAL CELL

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PLANT CELL

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CELL MEMBRANECELL MEMBRANE: All cells are covered by a cell membrane; it regulates what comes in and goes out of the cell as well as protects organelles inside.Also called the PLASMA MEMBRANE.Found in both plant and animal cells

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Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane

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CYTOPLASM

Cytoplasm – jelly like substance that fills cells; made of mostly water; holds & provides nutrients for the organelles

Found in plant and animal cells

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NUCLEUSNucleus – contains the cell’s DNA and is the

control center of the cellFound in both plant and animal cells. The nucleolusIs found inside the nucleus-“lil nucleus”*made of protein- makes ribosomes.

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RIBOSOMERibosome – the site where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins

This is the site of Protein Synthesis

Found in both

plant and animal

cells

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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM -found in both plants and animals

• System of Channels that transport proteins in a cell. Some reactions take place on the surface

• Two types Rough-with Ribosomes on them and Smooth- no ribosomes on them

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GOLGI BODIES

Responsible for labeling, sorting and packaging chemicals (proteins) and secreting (releasing) them from the cell

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VACUOLES

Vacuoles – store water and other materials

Found in both plant and animal cells

Plants have very large central vacuole. Animals have small vacuoles. Ex: Food 14

Food Vacuole

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LYSOSOME(Animal cell)

Lysosomes –Digests food particles, wastes, cell parts and foreign invaders. They have powerful enzymes that can destroy a whole cell.

Example: Tadpole’s tail-lysosomes break the tail down during metamorphosis! 16

Mitochondria – Makes Energy for Cell.

Energy is also called ATP!

Site of Cellular Respiration

It takes in oxygen and glucose and releases Carbon dioxide, Water and ATP

Found in both plant and animal cells.17

Some Organelles are only found in Plant Cells

• Do you know which ones?

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CELL WALL

Cell Wall – the cell wall gives structure and support to the cell membrane.

Only found in plant cells

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CHLOROPLASTS

All plant cells contain Chloroplasts. They are the

organelle responsible for _photosynthesis_ which uses the sun to make glucose(sugar).

Chloroplasts are green due to a pigment called chlorophyll.

Only found in plant cells

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There is one organelle found only in Animal Cells….

• Can you name it?

The Centrioles

These are necessary for Animal cell Division. Plants manage without them.

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COMPARISON OF ORGANELLES TO ORGAN SYSTEMSORGANELLE ORGAN ORGAN

SYSTEM

NUCLEUS BRAIN NERVOUS SYSTEM

CELL MEMBRANE

LUNGS RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

LYSOSOME STOMACH DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

CELL MEMBRANE

KIDNEY EXCRETORY SYSTEM

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LINKING HOW ORGANELLES WORK TOGETHER• NUCLEUS CONTROLS THE RATE OF

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY RIBOSOMES• CELL MEMBRANE REGULATES THE

PASSAGE OF OXYGEN INTO THE CELL TO BE USED BY MITOCHONDRIA

• AFTER A LYSOSOME DIGESTS OLD ORGANELLES THE CELL MEMBRANE RELEASES THEM OUT OF THE CELL

• THE GOLGI BODY PRODUCES LYSOSOMES WHICH ARE USED TO DIGEST BACTERIA 24

WRAP UP

1. HEREDITARY INFORMATION IS STORED INSIDE THE:

A. RIBOSOMES B. NUCLEUS,C. MITOCHONDRIA

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WRAP UP

3. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION FOR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN THE HUMAN BODY FROM LEAST COMPLEX TO MOST COMPLEX ARE:A. CELLS-->TISSUES-->ORGANS-->SYSTEMSB. SYSTEMS-->ORGANS-->TISSUES-->CELLSC. CELLS-->ORGANS-->TISSUES-->SYSTEMS

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