The Cell TheoryThe Cell Theory

Class expectations:Class expectations:

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Work for Today. Work for Today. Attempt to answer all you can. Attempt to answer all you can.

Then you can use a text book to Then you can use a text book to find the other definitions.find the other definitions.

Some Random Cell FactsSome Random Cell Facts

The average human being is The average human being is composed of around 100 Trillion composed of around 100 Trillion individual cells!!!individual cells!!!

It would take as many as 50 cells It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the to cover the area of a dot on the letter “letter “ii””

The Cell Theory CompleteThe Cell Theory Complete

The 3 Basic Components of the Cell The 3 Basic Components of the Cell Theory were now complete:Theory were now complete:

1. All organisms are composed of one or 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)more cells. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)

2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living 2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)things. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)

3. All cells are produced by the division of 3. All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells. (Virchow)(1858)preexisting cells. (Virchow)(1858)

What is a cell?What is a cell? What is a cell?What is a cell? A A cellcell is the basic unit of living is the basic unit of living

things.things. Some living things are composed of Some living things are composed of

only one cell and are called only one cell and are called UNICELLULAR organsims.UNICELLULAR organsims.

Organisms that have many different Organisms that have many different cells are called MULTICELLULAR cells are called MULTICELLULAR organisms.organisms.

You will need to know the following You will need to know the following organelles and their function:organelles and their function:

Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm ,Mitochondria, Golgi Complex, Cytoplasm ,Mitochondria, Golgi Complex,

Ribosomes,Smooth Endoplasmic Ribosomes,Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, Cell Wall, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, Cell Wall, Chloroplast, Central Vacuole, Lysosome, Chloroplast, Central Vacuole, Lysosome,

Microtubles, Microfilaments, Microtubles, Microfilaments, Nucleolus,Vesicles,Cytoskeleton,CentriolesNucleolus,Vesicles,Cytoskeleton,Centrioles

Cell MembraneCell Membrane Every cell is Every cell is

enclosed by a cell enclosed by a cell membrane. It membrane. It controls the controls the passage of passage of materials in and materials in and out of the cell.out of the cell.

CytoplasmCytoplasm(not an organelle (not an organelle

All All organelles organelles reside (live reside (live and float and float around in) around in) the the cytoplasm.cytoplasm.

Cell process:Cell process: Cell divisionCell division

OrganellesOrganelles

Organelles are structures that enable the cell to live, grow and reproduce.

NucleusNucleus

The control center The control center of the cell. It of the cell. It contains the DNA contains the DNA code for the cell code for the cell coiled into coiled into

chromosomeschromosomes..Cell process: Cell process:

cell division, cell division, protain making, protain making, energy , etcenergy , etc

NucleolusNucleolus

Organelle in Organelle in the nucleus the nucleus that is the site that is the site to make to make ribosomes.ribosomes.

Cell process: Cell process: protein makingprotein making

ChromosomesChromosomes

Organelles - Store, clean, Organelles - Store, clean, supportsupport

Vacoules, Vacoules, Vesicles, Vesicles, cytoskeleton, cytoskeleton, microtubules, microtubules, microfilamentmicrofilaments, centrioles, s, centrioles, lysosomes, lysosomes, cytoplasmcytoplasm

LysosomeLysosome

Breaks down Breaks down materials for materials for digestion. digestion.

Contains special Contains special enzymes for enzymes for digestion in the digestion in the cell.cell.

Central VacuoleCentral Vacuole(Plant Cell Only)(Plant Cell Only)

Most plant cells Most plant cells have one large have one large one.one.

Filled w/ fluid.Filled w/ fluid. Helps maintains Helps maintains

turgor pressure turgor pressure and shape of cell.and shape of cell.

CentriolesCentrioles

Produces the Produces the microtubules that microtubules that pull apart pull apart chromosomes chromosomes during cell during cell divisiondivision

Cell Process: cell Cell Process: cell divisiondivision

VesiclesVesicles

Capsules Capsules that carry that carry cell cell nutrients, nutrients, waste, or waste, or water.water.

Protein BuildingProtein Building

Organelles: Organelles: ribsosome, ribsosome, ER(smooth and ER(smooth and rough)rough)

Golgi appartatusGolgi appartatus

RibosomesRibosomes

Synthesizes proteins.Synthesizes proteins. Present in the Present in the

cytoplasm.cytoplasm. Present with Rough Present with Rough

ER.ER. No membrane present.No membrane present. Cell process: protein Cell process: protein

makingmaking

Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumSmooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Transports Transports materials materials throughout the throughout the cell.cell.

Digests lipids.Digests lipids. Cell process: Cell process:

Produces proteins.Produces proteins.

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Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumRough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Covered with Covered with ribosomes.ribosomes.

Cell process: Cell process: Produces proteins.Produces proteins.

Transports Transports materials materials throughout the throughout the cell.cell.

Golgi ComplexGolgi Complex

The protein The protein packaging and packaging and transport center of transport center of the cell.the cell.

Has incoming and Has incoming and outgoing vesicles.outgoing vesicles.

Energy CaptureEnergy Capture

Organelles: Organelles: Mitochondria, Mitochondria, chloroplastchloroplast

MitochondriaMitochondria

This organelle This organelle processes energy processes energy for a cell. It makes for a cell. It makes ATP. ATP.

(ATP = energy)(ATP = energy) Involved in cellular Involved in cellular

respiration.respiration. Cell process: Cell process:

cellular respirationcellular respiration

ChloroplastChloroplast(Plant Cell Only)(Plant Cell Only)

Contains chlorophyll.Contains chlorophyll. Makes plants green.Makes plants green. Uses light energy to Uses light energy to

make ATP & sugars.make ATP & sugars. Photosynthesis takes Photosynthesis takes

place here.place here. Cell process: Cell process:

photosynthesisphotosynthesis

BoundariesBoundaries

Organelle:Organelle: Cell membraneCell membrane Nuclear Nuclear

membranemembrane Cell wallCell wall

Cell Wall Cell Wall (Plant Cell Only)(Plant Cell Only)

Rigid and strong Rigid and strong wall.wall.

Protects and Protects and maintains the maintains the shape of the cell.shape of the cell.