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The Changing American
Labor Force
The Changing American
Labor Force
Child LaborChild Labor
Child LaborChild Labor
“Galley Labor”“Galley Labor”
Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:
PinkertonAgents
The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:
PinkertonAgents
Management vs. Labor
Management vs. Labor
““Tools” of Tools” of ManagementManagement
““Tools” of Tools” of LaborLabor
““scabs”scabs”
P. R. campaignP. R. campaign
PinkertonsPinkertons
lockoutlockout
blacklistingblacklisting
yellow-dog contractsyellow-dog contracts
court injunctionscourt injunctions
open shopopen shop
boycottsboycotts
sympathy sympathy demonstrationsdemonstrations
informational informational picketingpicketing
closed shopsclosed shops
organized organized strikesstrikes
““wildcat” strikeswildcat” strikes
A Striker Confronts a SCAB!
A Striker Confronts a SCAB!
Knights of LaborKnights of Labor
Terence V. PowderlyTerence V. Powderly
““An injury to one is the concern of all!”An injury to one is the concern of all!”
Knights of LaborKnights of Labor
Knights of Labor trade cardKnights of Labor trade card
Goals of the Knights of Labor
Goals of the Knights of Laborù 8 hour workday8 hour workday
ù Cooperatives (Co-Ops)Cooperatives (Co-Ops)
ù Abolition of child / prison laborAbolition of child / prison labor
ù Increased circulation of Increased circulation of greenbacksgreenbacks
ù Equal pay for men & womenEqual pay for men & women
ù Safety CodesSafety Codes
ù Limit/prohibit foreign labor.Limit/prohibit foreign labor.
ù Abolition of National Bank.Abolition of National Bank.
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Tournament of Today:
A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly
The Tournament of Today:
A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly
Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in
1886
Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in
1886
Haymarket Riot (1886)
Haymarket Riot (1886)
McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.
Haymarket MartyrsHaymarket Martyrs
The American Federation
of Labor: 1886
The American Federation
of Labor: 1886
Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers
How the AF of L Helps Workers
How the AF of L Helps Workers
ù Skilled WorkersSkilled Workers
ù Lobbied govt. for rights & protectionLobbied govt. for rights & protection
ù Maintain Maintain national strike fund!national strike fund!
ù Mediate disputes among smaller craft unionsMediate disputes among smaller craft unions
ù Mediate disputes between management/laborMediate disputes between management/labor
ù Pushed for Pushed for closed shopsclosed shops
Homestead Steel Strike
(1892)
Homestead Steel Strike
(1892)
The Amalgamated The Amalgamated Association of Association of
Iron & Steel WorkersIron & Steel Workers
Homestead Steel Homestead Steel WorksWorks
Big Corporate Profits!Big Corporate Profits!
A “Compa
nyTown”:
Pullman, IL
A “Compa
nyTown”:
Pullman, IL
Pullman CarsPullman Cars
A Pullman porterA Pullman porter
The Pullman Strike of 1894
The Pullman Strike of 1894
President Grover Cleveland
President Grover Cleveland
“If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card
will be delivered!”
The Pullman Strike of 1894
The Pullman Strike of 1894
Government by injunction!
The SocialistsThe Socialists
Eugene V. DebsEugene V. Debs
Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel”
Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel”
Mary Harris.Mary Harris.
Organizer for theOrganizer for theUnited MineUnited MineWorkers.Workers.
Founded the SocialFounded the SocialDemocratic Party Democratic Party in 1898.in 1898.
One of the founding One of the founding members of the I. members of the I. W. W. in 1905.W. W. in 1905.
International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)
International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)
“Big Bill” Haywood of the
IWW
“Big Bill” Haywood of the
IWW
Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.
I W W & the InternationaleI W W & the
Internationale
The Hand That Will Rule the World One
Big Union
The Hand That Will Rule the World One
Big Union
Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912
Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912
The “Bread & Roses” Strike
The “Bread & Roses” Strike
DEMANDS:
ù 15¢/hr. wage increase.
ù Double pay for overtime.
ù No discrimination against strikers.
ù An end to “speed-up” on the assembly line.
ù An end to discrimination againstforeign immigrant workers.
Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912
Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912
The “Formul
a”
The “Formul
a”
Unions Unions + Violence + Strikes + Socialists + Immigrants Violence + Strikes + Socialists + Immigrants = ANARCHY!!!!ANARCHY!!!!
Labor Union MembershipLabor Union Membership
However, Union workers made up only 5% of workforce
Workers Benefits Today
Workers Benefits Today
The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor
The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor
Right-to-Work States Today
Right-to-Work States Today