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So, How do atoms Hook Together to make
compounds and minerals and stuff like dirt?
…… Well, I’m Glad you asked That question – But you need to hear a story first!!!!
A Story AboutEarnest Rutherford in 1898
• Who used a led box with a radioactive compound in it to unveil the makeup of the atom.
Particle charge mass symbol stopped byAlpha 2+ 4 amu PaperBeta 1- 1/1837 amu foil
Gamma 0 0 1 inch lead
Particle symbol mass charge positionProton p+ 1.67 x10-27kg (1amu) 1+ nucleus
Neutron n 1.67 x10-27kg(1amu) 0 nucleusElectron e- 9.11 x 10-31kg 1- outside
Counting Electrons
Total Electrons and Valence Electrons
Valence Electrons – number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom
The valence Electrons are the only ones used in Bonding
Hey, ….. That number matches the group number on my periodic table in a way!!!!
Valence Electrons
1 valence e-
2 valence e-
3 va
lenc
e e-
4 va
lenc
e e-
5 va
lenc
e e-
6 va
lenc
e e-
7 va
lenc
e e-
8 va
lenc
e e-
Properties of Ionic Compounds
Formed from a metal and a non metal
Most are soluble in water
Form crystalline lattices
Polar Covalent Bond
Bond formed with the unequal sharing of electrons due to one atom being more electronegative
Electrongeativity -The attraction an atom has for a pair of shared electrons
S+
S-S-
Metallic Bond
A bond between metal atoms that allows electrons to freely flow throughout the material