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The Chemistry of Life. v Elements and the Periodic Table v Atomic Structure v Shells, Orbitals, and the Octet Rule v Bonding between atoms Covalent: non-polar and polar Ionic bonds Hydrogen bonds v Chemical Reactions v Acids, Bases, and pH Functional Groups - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Chemistry of Life
Elements and the Periodic Table
Atomic Structure
Shells, Orbitals, and the Octet Rule
Bonding between atoms• Covalent: non-polar and polar
• Ionic bonds
• Hydrogen bonds
Chemical Reactions
Acids, Bases, and pH Functional Groups Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides Lipids: Fatty Acids and Complex Lipids Proteins: Amino Acids and Polypeptides Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides and RNA/DNA
Carbohydrate Simple Sugars: Monosaccharides
Glucose
Polysaccharides are Monosaccharides Linked by Dehydration
Figure 2.8
Energy storage:
Polysaccharides are Used for Energy Storage or Structural Support
glu glu glu glu glu glu
glu glu glu glu glu glugluglu gluglu
Structural support:
glu glu glu OR
NAG NAG NAG NAG NAG NAG
Chitin is Made of Repeating NAG Molecules (Fungal Cell Walls))
Structural support:
Peptidoglycan/Murein is Made of NAG-NAM (Bacterial Cell Walls)
NAG NAM NAG NAM NAG NAM
NAG NAM NAG NAM NAG NAM
pentapeptide links
Structural support:
The Chemistry of Life
Elements and the Periodic Table
Atomic Structure
Shells, Orbitals, and the Octet Rule
Bonding between atoms• Covalent: non-polar and polar
• Ionic bonds
• Hydrogen bonds
Chemical Reactions
Acids, Bases, and pH Functional Groups Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides Lipids: Fatty Acids and Complex Lipids Proteins: Amino Acids and Polypeptides Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides and RNA/DNA
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Monomers of Lipids: Fatty Acids and Glycerol
Saturated fatty acid: all single C-C bonds
Unsaturated fatty acid: one or more double C=C bonds
Complex or Polymer Lipids
Figure 2.9c
Complex or Polymer Lipids
Figure 2.10a
Ergosterol (fungal cell membranes)
Complex or Polymer Lipids
(animal cell membranes)
Cholesterol and ergosterol keep plasma membranes fluid and flexible
The Chemistry of Life
Elements and the Periodic Table
Atomic Structure
Shells, Orbitals, and the Octet Rule
Bonding between atoms• Covalent: non-polar and polar
• Ionic bonds
• Hydrogen bonds
Chemical Reactions
Acids, Bases, and pH Functional Groups Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides Lipids: Fatty Acids and Complex Lipids Proteins: Amino Acids and Polypeptides Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides and RNA/DNA
Protein Monomers: Amino Acids (Peptides)
Twenty Amino Acids Used in Polypeptides
Linking Amino Acids (Peptides)
Figure 2.14
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Levels of Protein Structure
Disulfide bonds
Ionic bonds
Non -polar interactions
Hydrogen bonds
The Chemistry of Life
Elements and the Periodic Table
Atomic Structure
Shells, Orbitals, and the Octet Rule
Bonding between atoms• Covalent: non-polar and polar
• Ionic bonds
• Hydrogen bonds
Chemical Reactions
Acids, Bases, and pH Functional Groups Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides Lipids: Fatty Acids and Complex Lipids Proteins: Amino Acids and Polypeptides Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides and RNA/DNA
Monomers of Nucleic Acids
ribonucleotide
deoxyribonucleotide
1’
2’3’
4’
5’
1’
2’3’
4’
5’
ribonucleotide
RNA: Single stranded
Uses G, C, A, U bases
Uses ribose sugar
DNA: Double stranded
Uses G, C, A, T bases
Uses deoxyribose sugar
Two Kinds of Nucleic Acids: Information Storage
The Chemistry of Life
Elements and the Periodic Table
Atomic Structure
Shells, Orbitals, and the Octet Rule
Bonding between atoms• Covalent: non-polar and polar
• Ionic bonds
• Hydrogen bonds
Chemical Reactions
Acids, Bases, and pH Functional Groups Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides Lipids: Fatty Acids and Complex Lipids Proteins: Amino Acids and Polypeptides Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides and RNA/DNA
