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The Chicago Political Machine. Jon Zurinskas Sika Abbey Sean Hilas Mike Marini Temitope Quadri. Introduction How Political Machines Work Background of Political Machines in Chicago Strength of Political Machines Today Barack Obama and the Chicago Political Machine. Chicago Introduction. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Jon ZurinskasSika AbbeySean HilasMike MariniTemitope Quadri
IntroductionHow Political Machines Work
Background of Political Machines in Chicago
Strength of Political Machines Today
Barack Obama and the Chicago Political Machine
Chicago Introduction• Population (2012) – 2.7 Million (9.4 Million Metro) - Peak Population: 3.6 Million (1950)• Largest city in Illinois • 3rd Largest in the United States.• Nicknamed the Windy City
http://www.gallagher.com/art_photos/chicago_skyline2.jpg
Local Government.• Local Legislature is comprised of 50 wards represented by Aldermen.
• An Alderman is popularly elected by their constituency to serve a four year term.
• Sessions meet monthly , the presiding officer of the Council is the Mayor of Chicago who is currently Rahm Emanuel
http://www.chicagoreader.com/binary/f770/1324497828-ward-map-2.jpg
Chicago Demographics2010
White: 45%Black: 32.9%
American Indian & Alaska Native: 0.5%Asian: 5.5%
Hispanic: 28.9Reporting two or more
races: 2.7%
http://www.flickr.com/photos/hupajoob/5020309229/sizes/l/in/photostream/
Ethnic & Racial Divides by colorWhite: RedBlack: BlueAsian: GreenHispanic: OrangeOther: GrayEach Dot represents 25 People
What a Political Machine is…A political machine is
a party organization that is headed by a single boss or a small autocratic group that commends enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state.
What Political Machines DoA political machine is a party organization
that recruits its members by the use of tangible incentives: money, political jobs and that is characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activity.
"Political machine" started as a grass-roots campaign to gain the patronage needed to win the modern election. Having strong patronage, these "clubs" were the main driving force in gaining and getting out the "straight party vote" in the election districts.
Chicago Political Machines Background
The second half of the 19th century and the first thirty years of the 20th saw great ethic and class divides among political parties
Migration patterns of different groups further contributed to such division
Several mayors were implicated in illegal activities, but never convicted
Organized crime was allowed to flourish, giving way to figures such as Al Capone
The Machine The Democratic Machine
came into being under the leadership of Anton Cermak
Bohemian immigrant with a working class background
Was elected mayor in 1931, defeating incumbent Republican William Hale “Big Bill” Thompson
Brought representatives in from the German, Jewish, Polish and Czech communities
Was assassinated in 1933
Kelly-Nash After Cermak’s death, Democratic
party chairman Patrick A. Nash pushed for Edward J. Kelly
As mayor, Kelly was a staunch supporter of the New Deal and used federal funds to better the city
Acquired additional financial resources from organized crime for turning a blind eye
Worked to better the living situation for Chicago’s growing black community by favoring integrated schools and public housing
Helped set up the party’s alliance with ethnic and racial minorities
Changes In 1947, Kelly was forced to
retire by his own party, because of his progressive views
His replacement was Martin H. Kennelly
Served two terms, but was ousted in 1955, because of being considered too independent
Replacement was Richard J. Daley, who ended up serving until his death in 1976
Dynasty Under Daley, the Cook County
machine gained heavy control over Cook County
Used 35,000 city and county jobs to his advantage
Was able to have local/ward problems fixed effectively
Encouraged growth through construction of various buildings, including O’Hare International Airport
Created many construction jobs
Was more conservative in regards to racial matters
Slight Shift The late ‘70s and early ‘80s
two different candidates emerged for mayor
Jane Margaret Byrne became the first female mayor in 1979
Reform based, but did live up to campaign promises
Was defeated in 1983 via a three way election by Harold Washington, the city’s first black mayor
Was reelected in 1987, but died of a heart attack only months later
Current Chicago Political MachineSince 1972, 80 officials, including 4
governors, one mayor, and 27 aldermen have been convicted of a crime.
Governor Ryan- Received 6 years for Racketeering and Fraud.
Governor Blagojevich- 14 year sentence for corruption.
Corruption under Mayor Daley (1989-2011)
Patronage shift from ethnic communities to interest groups, corporations, and unions.
Hired Truck ScandalJames Duff Scandal
Corruption with the City CouncilIn the past 35 years, 30 aldermen have been
convicted of federal crimes. Use of “Pay to Play SchemesActing as a Rubber Stamp for the Mayor.
Barack Obama and the Chicago Political Machine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20081117_Barack_Obama_Streetlight_Banner.JPG
• Factors for Success - Mayor Richard M. Daley (1989- 2011)
•Financial connections• Professional work connections• Gave jobs to current Political Machine members• Started as a community organizer in Chicago
QuestionsDo you think current the current mayor, Rahm
Emmanuel, will continue the same practices of previous mayors?
What tendencies/characteristics does President Obama have which show his Chicago background?
What may have allowed for the Byrne/Washington break in the Irish, white male political dominance over the mayor’s office?
SourcesAllswang, J. M. (1971). A House for All Peoples: Ethnic Politics
in Chicago, 1890–1936.Biles, R. (1995). Richard J. Daley: Politics, Race, and the
Governing of Chicago.Chicago (city), Illinois . (2011, December 23). US Census.
Retrieved from http://quickfacts.census.gov/ qfd/ states/ 17/ 1714000.html
City Council, Your Ward & Alderman. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cityofchicago.org/ city/ en/ about/ council.html
Developing Government Accountability to the People. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.chicagodgap.org/ aldermen
Engber, D. (2006, September 8). How did Chicago get to be so corrupt? Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/ articles/ news_and_politics/ recycled/ 2008/ 12/ why_is_chicago_so_corrupt.html
Erie, S. P. (1988). Rainbow’s End: Irish-Americans and the Dilemmas of Urban Machine Politics, 1840–1985.
Continued Gradel, T. J., Simpson, D., & Zimelis, A. (2009, February). Curing
Corruption in Illinois: Anti-Corruption Report (Rep. No. 1). Chicago: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Political Science.
Illinois has long legacy of public corruption . (2008, December 9). Retrieved from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/ id/ 28141995/ ns/ us_news-crime_and_courts/ t/ illinois-has-long-legacy-public-corruption/
Lizza, R. (2008, July 21). Making It: How Chicago shaped Obama. The New Yorker. Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/ reporting/ 2008/ 07/ 21/ 080721fa_fact_lizza?currentPage=all
Novak, T., & Warmbir, S. (2005, September 1). Idle Trucks: Mob ties, kickbacks, official corruption tied to Chicago’s Hired Truck Program. The IRE Journal, 12-13. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com/ ehost/ pdfviewer/ pdfviewer?sid=e35b5e02-133c-44dd-a808-fd6a8b61f78b%40sessionmgr104&vid=2&hid=105
O’Connor, M., & Gibson, R. (2005, January 11). Duff pleads guilty--for 3 hours. Chicago Tribune . Retrieved from http://articles.chicagotribune.com/ 2005-01-11/ news/ 0501110457_1_fraud-and-other-charges-guilty-prosecutors
Continued Schaper, D. (2007, November 6). Former Illinois Gov. George Ryan
Heading to Prison. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/ templates/ story/ story.php?storyId=16051850
Simpson, R., Adeoye, O., Bliss, D., Navratil, D., & Raines, R. (2004). The New Daley Machine 1989-2004. Retrieved from http://www.uic.edu/ depts/ pols/ ChicagoPolitics/ newdaleymachine.pdf
Spielman, F. (2012, January 24). City watchdog accuses Emanuel administration of stymying probes . Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved from http://www.suntimes.com/ news/ politics/ 10189281-418/ city-watchdog-accuses-emanuel-administration-of-stymying-probes.html
Taylor, Q. (1972, Spring). The Chicago Political Machine and Black-Ethnic Conflict and Accommodation. Polish American Studies, 29(1), 40-66. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/ stable/ 20147848
Top 50 Cities by Population and Rank. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.infoplease.com/ ipa/ A0763098.html
Why is Chicago called the Windy City? (n.d.). Retrieved from http://wiki.answers.com/ Q/ Why_is_Chicago_called_the_Windy_City