The Church Today Cardinal Avery Dulles Institution Offer Salvation to All Mystical Communion Provide...
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The Church Today Cardinal Avery Dulles Institution Offer Salvation to All Mystical Communion Provide Spiritual Support Sacrament Make Christ Present Herald Preach the Gospel Servant Transform Society
The Church Today Cardinal Avery Dulles Institution Offer Salvation to All Mystical Communion Provide Spiritual Support Sacrament Make Christ Present Herald
The Church Today Cardinal Avery Dulles Institution Offer
Salvation to All Mystical Communion Provide Spiritual Support
Sacrament Make Christ Present Herald Preach the Gospel Servant
Transform Society
Slide 2
2000 years in 14 common words and phrases
Slide 3
Consubstantial Logos Arius, 318 Council of Nicea, 325
Homoousius (In Latin, consubstantialis) Constantinople I, 381
Slide 4
Begotten, not made Origen of Alexandria, 185-254/5 As an act of
will proceeds from the mind without either cutting off any part of
the mind or being separated or divided from it, in some similar
fashion has the Father begotten the Son.
Slide 5
Light from Light Origen of Alexandria, 185-254/5 The Ray of
Light that hits your eye is the same ray of light in the candle
flame A pure effluence of the glory of the Almighty, the brightness
of eternal light, unspotted mirror of the working and power of
God.
Slide 6
Persons Ousia + Idioma = Hypostasis God = 1 Ousia (Nature) + 3
Idiomata (distinguishing characteristics) = 3 Hypostases (Persons)
Father = Unbegottenness Son = Origin by generation (Begotten)
Spirit = Origin by procession/mission
Slide 7
Mother of God Theotokos: God-bearer Nestorius: Christotokos
Council of Ephesus 431 Council of Chalcedon 451
Slide 8
Monk Anthony of Egypt (b.251) & Pachomius (290) Monastic
movement introduced by Martin of Tours in France in 397, Patrick in
Ireland in 461 St. Benedicts Rule, 520 Monasteries became centers
of Christian culture, stabilizing the barbarians Slow assimilation
takes place from 500-800 Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne
Slide 9
Crusade Pope St. Gregory the Great (d. 604) established the
Popes as rulers of central Italy; initiated the conversion of
Anglo-Saxon Britain; writings shaped Medieval Papacy Pope Gregory
VII (Hildebrand; 1073-85) revives claim the Popes have authority
over emperors and kings Urban II calls for a crusade to retake
Jerusalem, 1091
Slide 10
Filioque Proceeds from the Father and the Son Orthodox:
Proceeds from the Father through the Son Toledo III 589 Adopted as
official doctrine, circa 1000 & added to the Creed July 16,
1054: Leo IXs representative, Humbert, excommunicates Byzantine
Patriarch Cerularius, & Emperor Michael Constantine & all
their followers
Slide 11
Avignon Captivity 1100s Rise of Nation-States 122o-50 Popes,
notably Gregory IX, fight Emperor Frederick over Sicily & the
Papal States 1294 Celistine V resigns after less than a year 1300
Pope Boniface VIII declares the first Holy Year (One of the
pilgrims is Dante); fights with French king Philip the Fair; Pope
attacked Sept. 3, 1303 Clement V elected 1305 1305-1378: Seven
Popes
Slide 12
The Great Schism 1378-1417 Avignon Gregory XI returns to
Rome
Slide 13
The Great Schism 1378-1417 Avignon Rome Gregory XI returns to
Rome Gregory XI dies in 1378. Romans riot outside the conclave.
Urban VI elected; goes nuts.
Slide 14
The Great Schism 1378-1417 Avignon Rome Gregory XI returns to
Rome Cardinals declare Urbans election invalid; Elect Clement VII.
Gregory XI dies in 1378. Romans riot outside the conclave. Urban VI
elected; goes nuts.
Slide 15
The Great Schism 1378-1417 Avignon Rome Gregory XI returns to
Rome Cardinals declare Urbans election invalid; Elect Clement VII.
Gregory XI dies in 1378. Romans riot outside the conclave. Urban VI
elected; goes nuts. Urban dies in 1389; cardinals elect Boniface
IX
Slide 16
The Great Schism 1378-1417 Avignon Rome Gregory XI returns to
Rome Cardinals declare Urbans election invalid; Elect Clement VII.
Clement dies, 1394; Benedict XIII elected; breaks promise. Gregory
XI dies in 1378. Romans riot outside the conclave. Urban VI
elected; goes nuts. Urban dies in 1389; cardinals elect Boniface
IX
Slide 17
The Great Schism (cont.) Avignon Rome (Benedict XII continues)
1406: Boniface dies; Gregory XII elected; promises to resign if
Benedict does. Face-to-face talks never happen
Slide 18
The Great Schism (cont.) March 25, 1409; Council of Pisa
declares both Popes invalid; Cardinals, in conclave, elect a third:
Pope Alexander V.
Slide 19
The Great Schism (cont.) March 25, 1409; Council of Pisa
declares both Popes invalid; Cardinals, in conclave, elect a third:
Pope Alexander V. He dies before arriving in Rome.
Slide 20
The Great Schism (cont.) March 25, 1409; Council of Pisa
declares both Popes invalid; Cardinals, in conclave, elect a third:
Pope Alexander V. He dies before arriving in Rome. 1410: Conclave
replaces Alexander with John XXIII, a reprobate.
Slide 21
The Great Schism (cont.) March 25, 1409; Council of Pisa
declares both Popes invalid; Cardinals, in conclave, elect a third:
Pope Alexander V. He dies before arriving in Rome. 1410: Conclave
replaces Alexander with John XXIII, a reprobate. 1414-1417: Council
of Constance; Assertion of councilar supremacy in the decree
Sacrosancta, April 6, 1415.
Slide 22
The Great Schism (cont.) March 25, 1409; Council of Pisa
declares both Popes invalid; Cardinals, in conclave, elect a third:
Pope Alexander V. He dies before arriving in Rome. 1410: Conclave
replaces Alexander with John XXIII, a reprobate. 1414-1417: Council
of Constance; Assertion of councilar supremacy in the decree
Sacrosancta, April 6, 1415. 1417 Pope Martin V elected. Pope
Gregory resigns. Benedict XII flees to Spain.
Slide 23
Protestant October 31, 1517: Luther nails his 95 Theses to the
church door in Wittenberg Protesting against: Selling Indulgences;
Simony (selling church offices); Pluralism (more than one man in
the same office); Absenteeism (Bishops who never live in their
diocese); Church preaching that actions, not faith alone, are
required for salvation Calvin: Pre-destination; Henry VIII: Head of
nation- state is head of its church, not a foreigner; Zwingli:
emphasis on Scripture
Slide 24
Trent (Tridentine) Council of Trent 1545-1563 Scripture &
Tradition Seven Sacraments Justification by faith, alone, rejected
Reaffirms Christs presence in the Eucharist Obliges Sunday
preaching Obliges bishops to live in their diocese Seminaries to
train priests Imposes censorship (Index of Forbidden Books)
Slide 25
Tridentine (cont.) (Council of Trent: 1545-1563) Reformed but
reaffirmed indulgences Retranslated Bible (New Vulgate)
Slide 26
Infallibility Pius IX: 1846-1878 Defined the Immaculate
Conception Dec. 8, 1854 Syllabus of Errors, 1864: Lists 80,
including allowing non-Catholics in Catholic countries to practice
their religion and that the Pope should reconcile himself with
progress, liberalism and recent civilization. Vatican I, 1870,
Defined infallibility: The Roman Pontiffs definitions are
irreformible of themselves, and not from the consent of the Church
BUT
Slide 27
Infallibility (cont.) Only when the Pope is speaking ex
cathedra, as supreme pastor Deals with a doctrine of faith &
morals Divine assistance that protects him from error is due to the
gift of infallibility granted to the Church, itself.
Slide 28
Vatican II John XXIII 1958-63; Paul VI 1963-78 Summons a
Council: January 1959 Four sessions: Oct. Dec. of 1962, 63, 64, 65
16 Formal documents Church looks at: 1) Itself 2) Other Christians
3) The World
Slide 29
Vatican II SACROSANCTUM (Liturgical reform) Pius X 1903-1914:
Encouraged frequent Communion; lowered minimum age from 14 to age
to reason; called for use of Gregorian Chant Early 1900s in Europe:
Translation of Roman Missal 1932 in U.S.: My Sunday Missal Pius XII
1939-58: Modified Eucharistic fast; reorganized Triduum
liturgies
Slide 30
Vatican II SACROSANCTUM (Liturgical Reform) Active
participation in liturgy is a right & a duty Paschal Mystery:
Suffering, death, resurrection Emphasizes Christs presence in the
scripture Allows use of the vernacular Allows reception of
Eucharist under both species Bishops conferences to decide on
changes Approved in 1962: 2,162-46 Final vote in 1963: 2,147-4
Slide 31
Vatican II DEI VERBUM (The Dogmatic Constitution on Divine
Revelation) God his revealing Himself, not just a list of rules
General Revelation: God speaking to all humans, calling them to
love Special Revelation: Gods choice to reveal Himself to specific
groups of human beings, Jews and Christians The Christian
revelation (Jesus & the sending of the Spirit) is the high
point of revelation, in that it is Gods personal
self-communication
Slide 32
Vatican II DEI VERBUM (The Dogmatic Constitution on Divine
Revelation) What Jesus reveals to his disciples is called the
Deposit of Faith. Tradition (Our common experience of trying to
live what Jesus taught, guided by the Holy Spirit) and Scripture
(Writings inspired by the Holy Spirit) both arise out of the
Deposit of Faith.
Slide 33
Vatican II DEI VERBUM (The Dogmatic Constitution on Divine
Revelation) Scripture teaches firmly, faithfully and without error
that truth which God wanted put into the sacred writings for the
sake of our salvation. (DV 11) Since God speaks through sacred
Scripture through men in human fashion, the interpreter of sacred
Scripture, in order to see clearly what God wanted to communicate
to us, should carefully investigate what meaning the sacred writers
really intended, and what God wanted to manifest by the means of
their words. (DV 12)
Slide 34
Vatican II DEI VERBUM The task of authentically interpreting
the Word of God, whether written or handed on, has been entrusted
exclusively to the living teaching office of the Church. (DV 10)
This is called Magisterium. This teaching office is not above the
Word of God, but serves it (DV 10) Sacred tradition, sacred
Scripture & the teaching authority of the Church are so linked
and joined together that one cannot stand without the others (DV
10)
Slide 35
Vatican II LUMEN GENTIUM: (The Dogmatic Constitution on the
Church) Church is a Mystical Body. The visible nature of the Church
is not enough; ALL CHRISTIANS are members of Christs Mystical Body
with a shared, supernatural existence People of God Church is
linked to all Christians, Jews, Muslims, non-Christian religions,
those who strive to live a good life (LG 15, 16)
Slide 36
Vatican II LUMEN GENTIUM: (The Dogmatic Constitution on the
Church) Eschatological Institution: The Church is the final
development of Gods saving plan but we have not yet reached full
flower. We are journeying toward Christs second coming but the
Reign of God already is in our midst. We are a combination of
already/not yet. The Church is the budding of the Kingdom
Sacrament. Just as Christ is the sacrament of God; the Church
represents Christ to the world
Slide 37
Vatican II UNITATIS REDINTEGRATIO (The Decree on Ecumenism)
Catholics must joyfully acknowledge and esteem the truly Christian
endowments from our common heritage which are to be found among our
separated brethren. Nor should we forget that whatever is wrought
by the grace of the Holy Spirit in the hearts of our separated
brethren can contribute to our own edification. Calls for dialogue,
understanding & a mutual change of heart
Slide 38
Vatican II NOSTRA AETATE (Declaration on non-Christian
Religions) The Church rejects nothing that is holy and sacred in
these religions The Church repudiates all persecutions
Slide 39
Vatican II DIGNITATIS HUMANAE (Declaration on Religious
Freedom) The dignity of the human person supersedes ALL government
and social constraints. Only areas where government should
intervene are: 1) Create a peaceful way to solve disputes; 2)
Maintain a genuine public peace; 3) Guard the public morality Every
human being has a right to publically express their religious
ideology Parents have a right to determine their childrens
education Racial and ethnic discrimination are condemned
Slide 40
Vatican II GAUDIUM ET SPES (The Pastoral Constitution on the
Church in the Modern World.) Treats Humanity as a whole, not as
Christians & non- Christians. Very Optimistic! Says the
triumphs of the human race are a sign of Gods greatness and the
flowering of His mysterious design.
Slide 41
Vatican II GAUDIUM ET SPES (cont.) It praises humanitys
economic, artistic, scientific, technical and philosophical
achievements, declaring such progress purifies religion by
banishing magic and superstition Urges Christians to devote their
energy to the world Says the Christian life joyously brings Gods
values love, dignity, forgiveness - to the world
Slide 42
Catholic responses to secular society
Slide 43
The Church Today Philip Murnion Traditionalist Sectarian
Response of the Right or Left Community as Intimacy Association
Solidarity