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The Circulatory System. Anatomy. The Heart. The Pump As it beats, it forces blood through one-way valves to the entire body. Arteries. Muscled tubes carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart. Become smaller the further away they get from the heart. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Circulatory System
Anatomy
The Heart
The Pump
As it beats, it forces blood through one-way valves to the entire body.
Arteries
Muscled tubes carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Become smaller the further away they get from the heart.
Most are deep in muscles or protected by bones.
Veins
Muscled tubes carrying blood toward the heart.
Have a series of one-way valves that let blood flow through them.
Become larger as they get closer to the heart.
Capillaries
Microscopic, thin-walled vessels.
Situated between the veins & arteries throughout the body.
Exchange of body nourishment & oxygen occurs here.
Blood
Plasma is the fluid part of blood & consists of nutrients, carbon dioxide, hormones & water.
Plasma equals to 50% of an adult’s total blood supply.
Plasma contains:
Red cells: carry oxygen
White cells: fight disease
Platelets: break down & aid clotting; also repair damaged vessels.
The Determining Criteria in ALL CBD Categories:
Level of consciousness (LOC)
Respiratory distress Shock- inability to
perfuse
Levels of Consciousness ALERT: Person is awake & aware
of surroundings. VERBAL: Person responds to verbal
stimulus only. PAIN: Patient responds to painful
stimulus only. UNRESPONSIVE: Patient is not
arouseable.
Suggested Questions to Ask
“Is the person awake?”
“Have you tried to wake him/her?”
“Does he/she respond to you?”
Respiratory Distress
Not speaking normally - WOB
Working hard to get air.
Pale Sweaty Sometimes
cyanotic These people
are very sick!
Critical Signs & Symptoms
Anxiety, restlessness Decreased LOC Cyanosis Rapid breathing, tachypnea Noisy respirations Labored appearance Diaphoresis
Non-Critical Signs & Symptoms
Stuffy nose
SHOCK
Inadequate tissue perfusion, or lack of oxygen delivery to body , mainly the major organs.
Symptoms of Shock:
Unable to sit/stand without feeling like they will pass out• What is the physiology behind
this sign/symptom?
Signs of Shock:
Decreased LOC, leading to unconsciousness
Pale, moist & cool skin Shallow, rapid breathing Obvious fluid loss, bleeding,
vomiting, diarrhea
Types of Shock:
Hemorrhagic = blood loss Hypovolemic = large loss of fluids Anaphylactic = life-threatening
allergic reaction to substances
Septic Shock = shock caused by severe infection
Cardiogenic = cardiovascular system failure
Neurogenic = resulting from spinal cord injury
Respiratory System
Oxygenates blood and expels waste gasses (carbon
dioxide) from the body.
Pharynx
Has 2 passages through which air flows in & out of the body:•Oral pharynx•Nasal
pharynx
Epiglottis
Leaf-shaped mass of cartilage suspended over the larynx
It opens when you breathe, closes when you swallow.
Larynx
The narrowest portion of the adult respiratory passage.
Referred to as the “voice box” because it contains the vocal cords.
Trachea
An air passage, about 4.5” long
Round in shape with cartilage rings around diameter to keep it open
Lining secretes mucous
Bronchi
Trachea divides into the right & left main stem bronchus, one to each lung
Bronchioles
a narrow tube inside the lungs that branches off the main air passages (bronchi)
contribute to the cleansing function of the respiratory system, for they, too, are lined with mucous membranes and ciliated cells that move mucus upward to the pharynx.
Lungs
Where exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide occurs.
Right lung is divided into 3 lobes.
Left lung is divided into 2 lobes.
Alveoli
Microscopic, thin-walled air sacs.
Exchange of gases between air & blood occurs here.
Diaphragm & Rib Muscles
Diaphragm is the major muscle of breathing.
wide muscular partition separating the thoracic, or chest cavity, from the abdominal cavity.
Pleura
The 2 linings on the inside of the chest wall = partial pleura
The lining that covers the outside of the lungs = visceral pleura
In contact with each other
Lubricated by fluid
IdentifyThe Numberedimages
Questions?