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04/16/2015
1
Rosa Parks
• Refused to give up her seat on the bus for a white man
• Sparked a new era of the Civil Rights movement
Montgomery Bus Boycott
• African Americans were encouraged to boycott the buses in Montgomery when Rosa Parks appeared in court
– Meaning they refused to ride the buses until segregation was ended
– Led by Martin Luther King Jr.
– Lasted almost a year
– Successful!
• Local federal courts ordered public transportation system desegrate
Martin Luther King Jr.• Believed the only moral way to end segregation and racism was through nonviolent passive resistance (agitation)
• “the weapon of love”
How did the sit‐in movement begin?
• Four students sat at a lunch counter in a Woolworths’s store after buying school supplies.
• They were refused service but sat until the store closed.
• They returned and sat at the corner until they were served.
Who were the SNCC?
• White and black students from 30 universities came together to organize civil rights protests
When did Martin Luther King Jr., write “Letter from Birmingham Jail?
• In 1963, after he was arrested for leading non‐violent demonstrations in Birmingham, knowing they would provoke violence.
• He demanded equality
• Across the nation, people watched the violence used by the Birmingham police against peaceful protesters on television
Who were the Freedom Riders?
• African American and white volunteers who traveled on buses to the South to bring attention to segregation on the bus systems.
04/16/2015
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Why was the march on Washington, D.C., a momentous event?
• Organized by A. Philip Randolph and Dr. King to support Kennedy’s civil rights bill
• Dr. King delivered his I Have a Dream Speech before 200,000 demonstrators of all races at the march.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Banned racial discrimination in hotels, restaurants, unions and federal contractors.
• Also protected minority groups and women.
Why was the march on Washington, D.C., a momentous event?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
“affirmative action”
• Required federal contracts to hire more women and minorities
Civil Rights Act of 1957 & 1960
• Protected African American rights to vote
• Created a civil rights division in the Justice Department
Robert Weaver
• First African American Cabinet Member Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Thurgood Marshall?
• First African American Supreme Court Justice
“Freedom Summer”• A campaign in 1964 to register black voters in Mississippi
• Volunteers were often attacked
• Three were killed by the KKK