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The Civil Rights Movement chapter 26. Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement. Separate but Unequal North No official segregation (could vote, had legal access to jobs and college African Americans and whites rarely mixed Still face prejudice in jobs and housing. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Civil Rights Movementchapter 26
Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement
• Separate but Unequal– North• No official segregation (could vote, had legal access to
jobs and college• African Americans and whites rarely mixed• Still face prejudice in jobs and housing
Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement
• Separate but Unequal– South• Segregation was the way of life and supported by law• Separate schools and hospitals, and separation on
public transportation, theaters, and restaurants
Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement
• Barriers Begin to Crumble– Jackie Robinson breaks the color barrier in
professional sports
Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement
• NAACP
Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement
• Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka– Moment had come to overthrow “separate but
equal”– Segregation made equal education impossible– May 17, 1954 the supreme court ruled that
separate but equal has no place in public education
Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement
• Little Rock– Nine African American students went to attend
Central High School– Arkansas governor Orval Faubus vowed not to
allow “mixing of races”– National Guard was called to keep students out of
school
Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement
• President Eisenhower sent federal troops to enforce Supreme Court’s ruling
• Students finally entered Central High
Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement
• Montgomery Bus Boycott– December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up
her seat to a white rider and was arrested
Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement
• African Americans in Montgomery decided to boycott taking buses (70 percent of bus riders were African Americans)
• Martin Luther King Jr. led the boycott– Boycott continued until segregation laws were
taken off– Lasted 381 days (November 1956)
JFK
• Kennedy tried to fight poverty, disease, discrimination
• Promised a man would be on the moon by the end of the 1960s
• Most of his goals were not met – November 22, 1963 Kennedy was assassinated in
Dallas Texas
Johnson’s Great Society
• Johnson wanted to make his mark with economic and social reforms– Program known as the Great Society• Wage war on Poverty• Create programs to attack illiteracy, unemployment,
and education– Head Start, food stamps, Welfare, Medicare and Medicaid
Civil Rights Movement Continues
• Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.– Belief of Civil Disobedience
Civil Rights Movement Continues
• Nonviolent protests– Sit-in– Freedom Rides
• Protests in Birmingham– African Americans marched to protest
discrimination– Police used dogs, fire hoses, and electric cattle
prods against the marchers
March on Washington
• After the events in Birmingham President Kennedy wanted to pass a civil rights bill
• Civil rights leaders proposed a march on the nation’s capital– August 28, 1963, 250,000 peacefully assembled
citizens marched to support civil rights
Civil Rights Legislation
• Civil Rights Act of 1964– Banned discrimination in public facilities– Outlawed discrimination in employment– Protected voting rights
Literacy Test1. Which of the following is a right guaranteed by the Bill of
Rights?_____Public Education_____Employment_____Trial by Jury_____Voting
2. The federal census of population is taken every five years._____True _____False
3. If a person is indicted for a crime, name two rights which he has. ______________________ ________________________
Literacy Test
4. A person appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court is appointed for a term of __________.
5. When the Constitution was approved by the original colonies, how many states had to ratify it in order for it to be in effect? _________________________________________
Literacy Test
• 6. Cases tried before a court of law are two types, civil and
____________________________________
7. Of the original 13 states, the one with the largest representation in the first Congress was ______________________________________________________________________.
Literacy Test
8. The Constitution limits the size of the District of Columbia to ______________________________________________________________________.
Civil Rights Legislation
• Voting Rights Act of 1965– Banned literacy tests and other barriers to African
American Voting.
Movement Splinters
• Malcolm X
• Black people are the original people of the world
• What people are devils• Blacks are superior to whites and the demise
of the white race is imminent
Movement Splinters
• Stokely Carmichael
Movement Splinters
• Protests Turn Violent– Civil rights focused mainly on segregation in the
south– Millions of African Americans were crowded into
run down neighborhoods in Northern Cities– Los Angeles 1965 a riot started killing and injuring
more than 1,000 people
Movement Splinters
• April 4, 1968– Martin Luther King Jr. was Assassinated by a white
segregationist.– Riots broke out in cities across the nation
Civil Rights Era
• Civil rights movement achieved many important and lasting results
• It did not end all inequality– For the first time African American mayors took office
in large cities (Atlanta, Cleveland, Detroit, Los Angeles, and Newark)
– 1966, Edward Brooke became the first African American senator since Reconstruction
– 1967, Thurgood Marshall is the first African American on the Supreme Court