The Civil The Civil WarWar

In correlation with Virginia’s 6th Grade Social Studies Standards of Learning

By: Katie Tardiff, Speech-Language Clinician Crestwood Elementary School

TIMELINETIMELINE The Civil War lasted from 1861 until The Civil War lasted from 1861 until

1865. The southern states wanted to 1865. The southern states wanted to have their own nation and to be free to have their own nation and to be free to decide what laws to have. The north decide what laws to have. The north did not want the country to be broken did not want the country to be broken apart. apart. 1865

* South secedes from the Union

* Confederate troops attack Ft. Sumter, SC

* First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)

1861 1863

* President Lincoln writes the

Emancipation Proclamation, stating that all slaves should

be freed

* Battle of Vicksburg

* Battle of Gettysburg

* General Lee surrenders to

General Grant at Appomattox Court House

A Nation DividedA Nation Divided Life in the Northern and Southern states was Life in the Northern and Southern states was

different in many ways. These differences often different in many ways. These differences often caused conflicts and divided the nation.caused conflicts and divided the nation.

The Northern States were called The Northern States were called Union StatesUnion States, , while the Southern States were called while the Southern States were called Confederate Confederate StatesStates

What Were the What Were the Differences?Differences?

1. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES:1. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES:The people of the North and South did not The people of the North and South did not

agree on social and political issuesagree on social and political issues

The North-- The North-- an urban an urban society society in which people held jobsin which people held jobs

The South-- The South-- an agricultural an agricultural society in which people lived society in which people lived in small villages and on in small villages and on farms or plantationsfarms or plantations

2. ECONOMIC 2. ECONOMIC DIFFERENCESDIFFERENCES The North and The North and

South did not agree South did not agree on the use of on the use of tariffstariffs. . A tariff is an added A tariff is an added price or fee that you price or fee that you must pay.must pay.

The NorthThe North– – liked tariffsliked tariffs because they protected because they protected factory owners and factory owners and workers from workers from competition in other competition in other countriescountriesThe SouthThe South– – against against tariffstariffs* Planters were afraid * Planters were afraid that England might stop that England might stop buying cotton from the buying cotton from the South if tariffs were South if tariffs were added.added.

3. ROLE OF 3. ROLE OF GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

The North The North believed in a believed in a strong central strong central governmentgovernment that that would govern all would govern all of its statesof its states

The South wanted The South wanted each stateeach state to have to have the right to make the right to make its own lawsits own laws

4. SLAVERY4. SLAVERY

The North believed The North believed that slavery was that slavery was morally wrong and morally wrong and should be abolished should be abolished (stopped forever)(stopped forever)

The South believed The South believed that the abolition that the abolition of slavery would of slavery would destroy the nation’s destroy the nation’s economyeconomy

CompromisesCompromises

• Compromises had to be madeCompromises had to be made• There were three compromisesThere were three compromises

• Missouri Compromise – 1820Missouri Compromise – 1820• Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850• Kansas-Nebraska Act – 1854Kansas-Nebraska Act – 1854

• While we go through these While we go through these compromises make a foldable to help compromises make a foldable to help you study!you study!

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

Any new Any new territory added territory added north of an north of an imaginary line imaginary line would be free.would be free.

Everyone to the Everyone to the south of that south of that line would be in line would be in slave statesslave states

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

California would California would be a free state in be a free state in exchange for the exchange for the Southwest Southwest Territories being Territories being allowed to allowed to decided for decided for themselves themselves whether or not to whether or not to allow slaveryallow slavery

Kansas-Nebraska Act-Kansas-Nebraska Act-18541854

Decided whether Decided whether or not states or not states would be slave would be slave states by popular states by popular sovereigntysovereignty

Allowed people in Allowed people in each state to vote each state to vote to decide whether to decide whether to allow slavery or to allow slavery or forbid itforbid it

Your taskYour task

Add color and picture to your foldablesAdd color and picture to your foldables Then work on the Missouri Then work on the Missouri

Compromise map sheet in groupsCompromise map sheet in groups What you do not finish is your What you do not finish is your

homeworkhomework

SECEDING FROM THE SECEDING FROM THE UNIONUNION

Abraham Lincoln was elected the Abraham Lincoln was elected the 1616thth President of the United States President of the United States in 1860. Lincoln and many in 1860. Lincoln and many Northerners believed that the Northerners believed that the United States was one nation that United States was one nation that should not be separated or divided. should not be separated or divided. Most Southerners believed that Most Southerners believed that states had freely created and joined states had freely created and joined the union and could freely leave it.the union and could freely leave it.

In 1861, the Southern states began In 1861, the Southern states began to to secedesecede (leave) the union. They (leave) the union. They formed their own nation and called formed their own nation and called themselves themselves The Confederate The Confederate States of AmericaStates of America..

Abraham LincolnThe 16th President of the

U.S.

THE UNIONTHE UNIONStates that seceded States that seceded from the Union:from the Union: AlabamaAlabama ArkansasArkansas FloridaFlorida GeorgiaGeorgia LouisianaLouisiana MississippiMississippi North CarolinaNorth Carolina South CarolinaSouth Carolina TennesseeTennessee TexasTexas VirginiaVirginia

States remaining in the Union:

Border states (slave states):DelawareDelawareKentuckyKentuckyMarylandMarylandMissouriMissouriFree States:

CaliforniaCaliforniaConnecticutConnecticutIllinoisIllinoisIndianaIndianaIowaIowaKansasKansasMaineMaineMassachusettsMassachusettsMichiganMichiganMinnesotaMinnesotaNew New HampshireHampshire

New JerseyNew JerseyNew YorkNew YorkOhioOhioOregonOregonPennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaRhode IslandRhode IslandVermontVermontWest Virginia West Virginia (Western (Western counties of counties of Virginia that Virginia that refused to secede refused to secede from the Union)from the Union)WisconsinWisconsin

MAP OF THE STATESMAP OF THE STATES

LEGEND:

States that seceded from the Union

Slave States that remained in the Union

Free States that remained in the Union

CIVIL WAR LEADERSCIVIL WAR LEADERS

ABRAHAM LINCOLNABRAHAM LINCOLN* President during the Civil * President during the Civil WarWar* Opposed to slavery* Opposed to slavery* Wrote the Emancipation * Wrote the Emancipation ProclamationProclamation* Determined to keep the * Determined to keep the United States as one United States as one countrycountry* Delivered the Gettysburg * Delivered the Gettysburg Address Address

JEFFERSON DAVISJEFFERSON DAVIS* President of the Confederate * President of the Confederate States of America during the States of America during the Civil War Civil War

CIVIL WAR LEADERSCIVIL WAR LEADERS

ROBERT E. LEEROBERT E. LEE* Leader of the Confederacy * Leader of the Confederacy (Army of Northern Virginia)(Army of Northern Virginia)* Had been offered command * Had been offered command of the Union forces at the of the Union forces at the beginning of the Civil War, beginning of the Civil War, but chose not to fight but chose not to fight against Virginiaagainst Virginia* Told Southerners to admit * Told Southerners to admit that they lost the war and to that they lost the war and to come together as Americans come together as Americans after the war endedafter the war ended

ULYSSES S. GRANTULYSSES S. GRANT* Leader of the Union Army* Leader of the Union Army* Won the War against the * Won the War against the ConfederacyConfederacy

CIVIL WAR LEADERSCIVIL WAR LEADERS

THOMAS THOMAS “STONEWALL” “STONEWALL”

JACKSONJACKSON•Was a skilled Confederate Was a skilled Confederate general from Virginiageneral from Virginia

•Gained nickname from Battle Gained nickname from Battle of Bull Runof Bull Run

FREDERICK FREDERICK DOUGLASDOUGLAS

* A former slave who escaped * A former slave who escaped to the North and became an to the North and became an abolitionistabolitionist (someone who (someone who believes slavery is wrong and believes slavery is wrong and should be illegal)should be illegal)

THE CIVIL WAR BEGINSTHE CIVIL WAR BEGINS In April of 1861, the disagreements between In April of 1861, the disagreements between the Northern and Southern states were at an the Northern and Southern states were at an all-time high.all-time high. The The Confederate Army of the Southern Confederate Army of the Southern StatesStates attacked attacked Fort SumterFort Sumter in Charleston, in Charleston, South Carolina.   South Carolina.   President Lincoln was forced to declare President Lincoln was forced to declare WAR!WAR!

click on the image to see a movie

MAJOR BATTLES AND MAJOR BATTLES AND EVENTS OF THE WAREVENTS OF THE WAR

The attack on The attack on Ft. SumterFt. Sumter began the war began the war The The First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)

was the 1was the 1stst Major Battle Major Battle

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MAJOR BATTLES AND MAJOR BATTLES AND EVENTS OF THE WAREVENTS OF THE WAR

The signing of the The signing of the Emancipation Emancipation ProclamationProclamation made made “freeing the slaves” the “freeing the slaves” the new focus of the war. new focus of the war. Many freed slaves Many freed slaves joined the Union Army.joined the Union Army.

The The Battle of VicksburgBattle of Vicksburg divided the South. The divided the South. The North got control of the North got control of the Mississippi River.Mississippi River.

The The Battle of Battle of GettysburgGettysburg was the was the turning point of the war turning point of the war because the Union because the Union Army stopped the Army stopped the Confederates from Confederates from invading the North.invading the North.

click on the image to see a movie

Battle of GettysburgBattle of Gettysburg

One of the One of the bloodiest bloodiest Battles!!!!Battles!!!!

THE ROLE OF WOMENTHE ROLE OF WOMEN Women were forced to stay home Women were forced to stay home

and run businesses in the North and and run businesses in the North and farms or plantations in the South.farms or plantations in the South.

Clara BartonClara Barton was a nurse during the was a nurse during the Civil War. She created the Civil War. She created the American American Red CrossRed Cross..

Clara Clara BartoBartonn

AFRICAN AMERICANS AND AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE WARTHE WAR

African Americans fought African Americans fought in both the Confederate in both the Confederate and Union Armies, but and Union Armies, but they were paid less than they were paid less than white soldiers.white soldiers.

African American soldiers African American soldiers were discriminated were discriminated against and served in against and served in separated units led by separated units led by white officers.white officers.

Robert SmallsRobert Smalls was an was an African American sailor African American sailor and Union Naval Captain. and Union Naval Captain. He was honored for He was honored for being very brave and a being very brave and a hero. He became a hero. He became a Congressman after the Congressman after the Civil War.Civil War.

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THE END OF THE WARTHE END OF THE WAR The war was long The war was long

and painful. Over and painful. Over 600,000 men died 600,000 men died and over and over 1,100,000 were 1,100,000 were injured. injured.

General Lee General Lee surrendered to surrendered to General Grant on General Grant on April 9, 1865 at April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court Appomattox Court HouseHouse in Virginia. in Virginia.

The war was The war was OVER! OVER! Lee surrenders to GrantLee surrenders to Grant

EFFECTS OF THE WAREFFECTS OF THE WAR Many southern cities were devastated and Atlanta and Many southern cities were devastated and Atlanta and

Richmond were even burned to the groundRichmond were even burned to the ground Families and friends were often forced to fight against Families and friends were often forced to fight against

each othereach other Southern soldiers were young and did not have many Southern soldiers were young and did not have many

uniforms or suppliesuniforms or supplies Many men died from battle or diseaseMany men died from battle or disease The fighting was very dangerousThe fighting was very dangerous Since the Confederacy lost, their money was worthlessSince the Confederacy lost, their money was worthless

Atlanta Atlanta BurninBurningg