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The Coalition Peering Domain
A New Entity in the Routing Landscape
Manish Lad, Saleem Bhatti, Peter Kirstein, Steve Hailes
Dept. Computer Science, UCL
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 2
Overview
• Data Rate Disparity:– Local-Area– Wide-Area
• Opportunity:– Community-Area Network Provision– Better-Utilise Connectivity
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 3
Community-Area Network Provision
• Community Networks starting to form
• Municipal Wireless Networks
• Commercial Hotspots
• Neighbourhood Networking Initiatives
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 4
Ad Hoc Neighbourhood Peering
Ad Hoc Peering Agreement
Wide-Area Capable Peer
Local-Area Only Peer
Wide-Area Connectivity
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 5
This is Highly Disruptive
• Ad Hoc Peering
• NATing and Tunnelling
• Static
• Connection Sharing
• Lack of Load Balancing
• “Experts only”
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 6
Our Solution:
• Add Structure to the Ad Hoc Peering
• Encourage Collaboration Among Peers
• Maintain Local Control and Dynamism
• Coalition-Based Architecture– Collaboration Between Individuals– For Joint Action or Mutual Benefit
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 7
Connectivity Aggregation
• High Potential Wide-Area Data Rate– Many Coalition Members – Many Coalition Egress Links
• Spray Egress Traffic Across All Wide-Area Links– Using Higher Data Rate Local-Area Links– Aggregate Wide-Area Connectivity
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 8
Coalition Peering Domain (CPD) Architecture
Local Peering Agreement
Coalition-Edge Forwarder (CEF) Coalition-Internal Forwarder (CIF)
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 9
CPD-Edge Egress Aggregation
P1
P3
P2, P4, P5
P5P4
P5
P2
P3
P4
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 11
Spraying Across CPD Edge
P1
P3
P2, P4, P5
P5P4
P5
P2
P3
P4
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 12
Can We Use Existing Methods?
• Single Administrative Domain?– NO
• BGP– Requires Expertise– Heavy-Weight– Back Pressure on Core Network
• Ad Hoc Routing– Single-Path Source-To-Destination– Single Administrative Domain
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 13
Challenges
• Still Disruptive• Routing
– Multiple Source-To-Destination Paths– Implications for Higher Layer Protocols
• Addressing– Centralised Function – Distributed System
• Trust– Onward Forwarding– Policy
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 14
Applications Beyond Neighbourhoods
• Highly Survivable Networks– Robustness Through Multi-Homing
• Sensor Networks– Requiring Multiple Distributed Edge Nodes
• Emergency and Disaster Scenarios– Relief Team — Non-Technical Users
• Heterogeneous Wide-Area Connectivity• Delay-Tolerant Applications
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 15
Future Possibilities
• Inter-CPD Communication– Routing
• Emerging Opportunities– Localised Service Provision
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 16
Summary
• Local-Area Peering is Happening
• Missing Opportunities
• Manage Available Resources Dynamically
• Diverse set of Scenarios
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 19
Wireless London Study
• “Air Stumbling” Experiment in a Light Aircraft– Directional antenna– GPS– Laptop running Netstumbler
• Results– 1525 nodes seen– 50% were “open”– approx. 40% running factory default SSID settings
Julian Priest - The State of Wireless Londonhttp://informal.org.uk/people/julian/publications/the_state_of_wireless_london/
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 20
Coalition: English Definition
• A coalition is defined as*:– a : the act of coalescing : UNION b : a body
formed by the coalescing of orig. distinct elements : COMBINATION
– a temporary alliance of distinct parties, persons, or states for joint action
* Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online - http://www.m-w.com/
7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 21
Neighbourhood Networking Initiatives
• Which initiatives exist at the moment?– consume.net
• http://consume.net/
– CUWiN• http://www.cuwireless.net/
– Stockholm Open• http://www.stockholmopen.net/
– FreeNetworks Affiliations• http://scoop.freenetworks.org/