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The Cold WarThe Cold War1945-1990ish1945-1990ish
By Sam Irving
BIGBIG Idea: The U.S. and the Idea: The U.S. and the Soviet Union emerged from WWII Soviet Union emerged from WWII as the world’s two superpowers. as the world’s two superpowers. Differences in politics led them Differences in politics led them to the cold war conflict.to the cold war conflict.
Why Cold?Why Cold?
U.S. and Soviet Union competed U.S. and Soviet Union competed for world influence without actual for world influence without actual armed conflict.armed conflict.
The possibility of nuclear war The possibility of nuclear war made “hot” war too dangerous.made “hot” war too dangerous.
How did the cold war divide Europe?How did the cold war divide Europe?
The Iron CurtainThe Iron Curtain
The U.S. promoted capitalist The U.S. promoted capitalist democracies in Western Europe.democracies in Western Europe.– NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
Eastern European countries Eastern European countries became controlled by the Soviet became controlled by the Soviet Union after WWII.Union after WWII.– Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact
Cold War WeaponsCold War Weapons
EconomicsEconomics DiplomacyDiplomacy EspionageEspionage Threat of Threat of
nuclear warnuclear war
Soviet leader Nikita KhrushchevSoviet leader Nikita Khrushchev
Arms RaceArms Race– Intercontinental ballistic missiles Intercontinental ballistic missiles
on both sides by the 1950s.on both sides by the 1950s.– Believed huge arsenals would Believed huge arsenals would
prevent war. (Intimidation)prevent war. (Intimidation)
The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan Sent $13 billion in aid to rebuild Sent $13 billion in aid to rebuild
war-torn Western Europe and war-torn Western Europe and increase U.S. influence in the increase U.S. influence in the region.region.– Reasoning: Communism thrives on Reasoning: Communism thrives on
economic problems.economic problems.– By 1950s, Western European By 1950s, Western European
economies were prospering.economies were prospering.
Western EuropeWestern Europe Welfare State: a system in which Welfare State: a system in which
the national government provides the national government provides programs for the well-being of its programs for the well-being of its citizens.citizens. •Social Security, free Social Security, free
education, national education, national health care.health care.•A middle-way A middle-way between communism between communism and pure capitalism?and pure capitalism?
What’s What’s happening happening
here?here?
Loss of global-power status led to Loss of global-power status led to rapid decolonization.rapid decolonization.
The Communist BlocThe Communist Bloc Economic focus on Economic focus on
heavy industry and heavy industry and the military led to the military led to consumer goods consumer goods shortages.shortages.
Soviets invaded eastern Soviets invaded eastern European countries that European countries that sought independence.sought independence.– Soviet-Afghan War 1979-Soviet-Afghan War 1979-
19891989 Soviets vs. the TalibanSoviets vs. the Taliban
Germany Divided Germany Divided
West Germany prospered under West Germany prospered under the Marshall Plan.the Marshall Plan.
East Germany declined under East Germany declined under Soviet control.Soviet control.
In 1961 Soviet leader Khrushchev In 1961 Soviet leader Khrushchev created the Berlin Wall separating created the Berlin Wall separating East and West Berlin.East and West Berlin.
Assignment/ActivityAssignment/Activity
ELT: Give examples of how ELT: Give examples of how philosophical beliefs have influenced philosophical beliefs have influenced society.society.– How did cold war mentalities divided How did cold war mentalities divided
Europe and the world?Europe and the world? ““The Cold War”The Cold War”
– Guided ReadingGuided Reading
What’s going on here?What’s going on here?
The Cold War in Southeast The Cold War in Southeast AsiaAsia
BIG Idea: During the cold war, BIG Idea: During the cold war, southeast Asia became a southeast Asia became a battleground due to the U.S. battleground due to the U.S. domino theory and containment domino theory and containment
policy.policy.
The Domino TheoryThe Domino Theory
U.S. cold war belief that if one U.S. cold war belief that if one country went communist, country went communist, surrounding countries would surrounding countries would follow.follow.
ContainmentContainment U.S. policy of holding back the U.S. policy of holding back the
spread of communism through spread of communism through military engagement around military engagement around the globe.the globe.
Truman Doctrine: sending American Truman Doctrine: sending American military aid to any nation military aid to any nation “threatened” by communism.“threatened” by communism.
The Korean War 1950-53The Korean War 1950-53
The entire Korean Peninsula was The entire Korean Peninsula was ruled by Japan from 1910 until the ruled by Japan from 1910 until the end of WWII (1945).end of WWII (1945).
After WWII, the Soviets occupied After WWII, the Soviets occupied the north down to the 38the north down to the 38thth parallel, and the Americans parallel, and the Americans occupied the south.occupied the south.
North Korea, aided by North Korea, aided by Communist China, invaded South Communist China, invaded South Korea. The U.S. fought for the Korea. The U.S. fought for the South.South.
War ended in stalemate leaving War ended in stalemate leaving Korea divided at the 38Korea divided at the 38thth parallel. parallel.
North Korea became a North Korea became a communist dictatorship.communist dictatorship.– MilitaristicMilitaristic– Isolated from the worldIsolated from the world
Vietnam War 1964-75Vietnam War 1964-75
Vietnamese communists, under Vietnamese communists, under popular leader Ho Chi Minh, popular leader Ho Chi Minh, ousted French colonial rule after ousted French colonial rule after WWII.WWII.– Soviet Union & Communist China Soviet Union & Communist China
supported Minh.supported Minh.– U.S. supported the French.U.S. supported the French.
Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh
Two sides agreed to a Two sides agreed to a Communist North Vietnam and a Communist North Vietnam and a pro-Western South Vietnam.pro-Western South Vietnam.
Ngo Dinh Diem: South Vietnamese LeaderNgo Dinh Diem: South Vietnamese Leader
Buddhist Monk protesting repressive, non-democratic (U.S. Buddhist Monk protesting repressive, non-democratic (U.S.
supported) South Vietnamese leadership.supported) South Vietnamese leadership.
U.S. supported unpopular leaders U.S. supported unpopular leaders in the South.in the South.– South Vietnamese guerillas, the South Vietnamese guerillas, the
Viet Cong, fought with north Viet Cong, fought with north Vietnamese communists to unite Vietnamese communists to unite all of Vietnam under Minh.all of Vietnam under Minh.
President Johnson greatly President Johnson greatly increased U.S. involvement in increased U.S. involvement in 1964.1964.– Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionGulf of Tonkin Resolution
A Viet Cong PrisonerA Viet Cong Prisoner
Viet Cong Tunnel SystemViet Cong Tunnel System
Ho Chi Minh TrailHo Chi Minh Trail
President Nixon secretly began President Nixon secretly began bombing Cambodia in 1969.bombing Cambodia in 1969.
What are these planes doing?What are these planes doing?
Agent Orange DestructionAgent Orange Destruction
Victims of agent orangeVictims of agent orange
How do you think televised coverage of the Vietnam How do you think televised coverage of the Vietnam war affected support at home?war affected support at home?
Four anti-war protestors are killed at Kent State in Ohio, 1970.Four anti-war protestors are killed at Kent State in Ohio, 1970.
Antiwar demonstrator burning his draft cardAntiwar demonstrator burning his draft card
Opposition at home led the U.S. to Opposition at home led the U.S. to withdraw and Vietnam was united withdraw and Vietnam was united under the communists in 1975.under the communists in 1975.
Effects of the Vietnam WarEffects of the Vietnam War
2 million dead (58,000 Americans)2 million dead (58,000 Americans) American image damaged around American image damaged around
the world.the world. Domino theory was disproven as Domino theory was disproven as
divisions developed between the divisions developed between the Soviet Union and Communist Soviet Union and Communist China.China.
Assignment/ActivityAssignment/Activity
No Homework!!!No Homework!!!
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