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The Columbian Exchange
1. What is the Columbian Exchange?
2. What was exchanged?
3. How did the Columbian Exchange affect society?
Questions of the Day
The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange
Essential Questions:1.What was the Columbian Exchange?2.What was its impact on the old and new worlds?3.What are some examples of the impact of the Columbian Exchange?
What was the Columbian What was the Columbian Exchange?Exchange? Most significant event in the
history of world ecology, agriculture, and culture
Term used to describe the widespread exchange of:◦ Plants◦ Animals◦ Foods◦ Human populations (including
slaves)◦ Communicable diseases◦ Ideas between the Eastern and
Western hemispheres after 1492
To America, Europeans introduced crops◦ Crops would later serve as
cash crops for export by the colonists
Impact on Native Impact on Native AmericansAmericans
Colonization brought the spread of disease Europeans brought measles,
mumps, chicken pox, and small pox
Diseases devastated Native American communities
Nearly 1/3 of Hispaniola’s approximately 300,000 inhabitants died during Columbus’s time there
By 1508 fewer than 100,000 survivors lived on the island
The European disease was the ultimate conqueror of America
Impact on AfricaImpact on Africa The Slave Trade Begins
With disease devastating the native workforce Europeans turned to Africa for slaves
African Losses African slave trade
devastated many African societies
Before the slave trade ended in the 1800s Africa lost at least 12 million people
Impact on EuropeImpact on Europe New types of food and
animals were brought back to Europe
This had both positive and negative aspects:◦ Positive because they
served as a valuable source for food
◦ Negative because they destroyed their croplands
Plants carried back to Europe enriched nutrition in the Old World and this resulted in major population explosions
Horse
Turkey
Chicken
Tomato
Maize
Potato
Syphilis
Smallpox
Old World
Old World
Old World
New World
New World
New World
New World
New World
Allowed Native Americans to shift to a nomadic
lifestyleProvided new food source
for Europeans
Provided new food source for New World inhabitants
Staple of Italian cuisine today, world wide use
World’s most important cereal crop (plant with
edible seeds)World staple crop; failure
of Irish crop lead to massive American
migrationFirst outbreak after 1492 believed to have killed
more than 5 million EuropeansDevastated Native
populations who were not resistant