The Conference of London

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1913

The Conference of London

The Conference of London, or Conference of the Ambassadors as it is often known in Albanian

history, was a gathering of the six Great Powers (Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-

Hungary, Russia and Italy) to resolve certain problems in the Balkans which had arisen as aresult of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. It began its work on 17 December 1912 under thedirection of the British foreign secretary, Sir Edward Grey (1862-1933), following the first

Balkan War and the declaration of Albanian independence in Vlora on 28 November 1912. On30 May 1913 an agreement was reached under which Turkey would give up all territory west of

the Enos-Midia line.

With regard to Albania, the ambassadors had initially decided that the country would berecognized as an autonomous state under the sovereignty of the sultan. After much discussion,

however, they reached a formal decision that Albania, though deprived of almost half of itsethnic territory (esp. Kosova), would be a sovereign state independent of the Ottoman Empire.

This decision, reached at the fifty-fourth meeting of the conference on 29 July 1913, wasformulated briefly in the following eleven points and provided the basis for the international

recognition for Albanian independence:

1.

Albania is constituted as an autonomous, sovereign and hereditary principality by right of

primogeniture, guaranteed by the six Powers. The sovereign will be designated by the sixPowers.

2.

Any form of suzerainty between Turkey and Albania is excluded.

3.

Albania is neutral; its neutrality is guaranteed by the six Powers.

4.


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The control of the civil administration and finances of Albania is to be given over to anInternational Commission composed of the delegates of the six Powers and one delegate from

Albania.

5.

The powers of this commission will last for ten years and may be extended if necessary.

6.

The commission will be charged with preparing a draft for the detailed organisation of allbranches of the administration of Albania. Within six months, it will present to the Powers a

report on the results of its work and its decisions on the administrative and financial organizationof the country.

7.

The sovereign is to be nominated within six months. Until his designation and until the formationof a definitive national government, the activities of the existing local authorities and the

gendarmerie will be controlled by the International Commission.

8.

Public order and security will be assured by the international organisation of a gendarmerie. This

organisation will be in the hands of foreign officers who will exercise effective command in thegendarmerie.

9.

These officers will be selected from the Swedish army.

10.


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The mission of the foreign officers and instructors will not interfere with the unity of service, orwith the employment of native commissioned and non-commissioned officers and gendarmes.

11.

The salaries of these officers may be ensured from the revenue of the country as guaranteed bythe Powers.

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1913

Konferencija u Londonu

Konferencija u Londonu, ili konferencija veleposlanika, jer je esto poznat u albanske povijesti, bio je

skup od est velike sile (Velika Britanija, Francuska, Njemaka, Austrija-Maarska, Rusija i Italija) zarjeavanje odreenih problema na Balkanu koja je nastala kao rezultat pada Osmanskog Carstva. Ona je

zapoela svoj rad na 17. prosinca 1912 pod vodstvom britanskog ministra vanjskih poslova, Sir Edward

Grey (1862-1933), nakon Prvog balkanskog rata i proglaenja albanske nezavisnosti u Vlori 28. studenog

1912. Dana 30. svibnja 1913 je postignut sporazum prema kojem e Turska odustati sve teritorij zapadno

od Eno Midia-line.

S obzirom na Albaniju, veleposlanici u poetku je odluio da e zemlja biti priznata kao samostalna

drava pod suverenitetom sultana. Nakon brojnih rasprava, meutim, stigli su formalnu odluku da se

Albanija, iako lien gotovo pola njegovih etnikih teritorija (esp. Kosova), biti suverena drava neovisno

od Osmanskog carstva. Ova odluka, doi na pedeset etvrti sastanak konferenciji 29. srpnja 1913, bio je

formulirano ukratko u sljedeih jedanaest bodova i osigurala osnova za meunarodno priznanje za

albanske nezavisnosti:

1.

Albanija je konstituiran kao samostalne, suverene i nasljedna kneevina koje pravo primogeniture,

zajameno est sila. Suverene e biti odreen od strane est sila.

2.

Bilo koji oblik vlast izmeu Turske i Albanije je iskljuena.


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3.

Albanija je neutralan, a njezino neutralnost je zajamena est sila.

4.

Kontrolu nad civilnom upravom i financijama Albanija se predati Meunarodna komisija sastavljena od

delegata od est Ovlasti i jedan delegat iz Albanije.

5.

Ovlasti ove komisije e trajati deset godina i svibanj biti produen ako je potrebno.

6.

Komisija e biti optuen za pripremu nacrta za detaljnu organizaciju svih grana uprave Albanije. Roku od

est mjeseci, to e se predstaviti na ovlasti izvjee o rezultatima svoga rada i svoje odluke o

administrativne i financijske organizacije u zemlji.

7.

Suveren je nominiran u roku od est mjeseci. Do njegova oznaka, a do formiranja konane nacionalne

vlade, aktivnosti postojeih lokalnih vlasti i andarmerije e biti kontroliran od strane Meunarodne

komisije.

8.

Javni red i sigurnost e biti osigurana od strane meunarodnih organizacija redarstva. Ova organizacija

e biti u rukama stranih asnika koji e se vjeba na snazi naredba u andarmerija.


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9.

Ovi slubenici e biti odabrani od vedske vojske.

10.

Misija stranih asnika i instruktori nee ometati jedinstvo slube, odnosno s primjenom native naruio i

doasnike i andara.

11.

Plae tih slubenika svibanj biti osigurana iz prihoda od zemlje kao to je zajameno ovlasti.

Documents

The Conference of London