The contextWhat does developed vs. developing country

mean (LEDC, MEDC) ?More Economically Developed Countries

[MEDCs] have high levels of economic development compared with Less Economically Developed Countries [LEDCs].

Why are some countries more developed than others.

Geography, resources, human rights, governance?

The challenges that face the global community

Inequality, debt/poverty, civil war, shortages of world resources, climate change, health/ diseases (HIV, Malaria)

There is a responsibility on governments, charities and individuals to ensure human rights are protected.

Global community and the interconnectedness of the UK to the rest of the world Globalization process that involves the widening and deepening and speeding up and growing impact of worldwide interconnectedness. It’s a multi faced phenomenon

Answer these questions

What is LEDC, MEDC What is our global responsibility?

  The _____________________________ divide separates developed

from __________________________ countries. The explanations for this divide have as much to do with ________________________ as they do with ______________ geography. Many MEDC’s had c_____________ in LEDC’s and there are still ________________ imposed on world ____________________. This means the development gap is getting _______________.

North-south colonies restrictions developingpolitical history physical trade

Ways of changing the current system?

AidTradeSupportAdvice

Types of Aid

Humanitarian Aid- emergenciesAid from non governmental organisation- Aid

from a charity Development Aid- long term projectsBilateral Aid -Bilateral means "two sides".

This type of aid is from one country to another (mainly tied/conditional aid) eg from UK

Multilateral Aid -Multilateral means "many sides". World Health Organisation (WHO) World Banks

Which is which

Haiti’s earthquake= Building of bridges and dams and hospitals=Given from one country=Raised money given for specific projects=Given by many countries=

Humanitarian aid

Sent quickly in response to an emergency in order to save lives

Emergency aidhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Glny4jSciVI

PROS AND CONS

ProSent quicklyEmergency aid in times of disaster saves lives.Aid helps livelihoods and rebuild housing after a

disaster.

Conpeople become to dependant on it and one day it just

stops when they feel the emergency is overEg- Ethiopia- wheat sent when people starving but free

food drove farmers out of business and this reduced their self sufficiency.

Aid from non government organisation (NGO)

Given by charities such as Oxfam, save the children

Find out what is needed in advance Make poverty history: (Bono, Geldof)

UK alliance of more than 500 charities and trade unions, campaigners and celebrities. 2005- key message: trade justice, drop the debt, more and better aid. White band Click advert- watch- every 3 seconds a someone dying from extreme poverty. Pressure on G8 leader Over the years 289million http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eih_ybKdVXU&feature=related

  Live 8- pressure on G8 leader

about INEQUALITES BETWEEN RICH AND POOR Geldof Play tracks from Live 8 What achieve?

Critics- making poverty history or about making entertainment history. Charities, NGOSs

PROS AND CONS

Pros Find out what is needed before- goes on specific projects Not necessarily going through the government so avoiding

corruption but through local organisations Effects are evaluated Free not to be repaid- avoid cycle of debt.

Cons Not a structured amount to rely on BUT then not dependant in

the same way Aid not always coordinated Can be used to persuade own agenda- like converting to a

certain religion.

Developmental Aid

Designed to fund longer term projects that aim to help people improve their quality of life

Pros and Cons

Pro Helping people build their own wells, schools, health centres Building skills Helps improve lives longer term and build up their community Save time collecting water every day which can be used on jobs, education Works best when use countries resources, labour, and supported with education

and training Cons

On some projects- unsustainable and bring few benefits if do not use countries resources.

Sometimes projects do not benefit smaller farmers and projects are often large scale.

Infrastructure projects may end up benefiting employers more than employees. It may be a condition of the investment that the projects are run by foreign

companies or that a proportion of the resources or profits will be sent abroad. Some development projects may lead to food and water costing more

Example

The 3 Gorges Dam project This is an example of a large scale development project designed to: Create more jobs Allow large ships to navigate the river and reach Chungong Create thousands of jobs Develop new towns and farms Provide 10% of China’s electricity through HEP Increase tourism along the river Protect precious farmland from flooding However it also has a number of disadvantages: Over 150 towns and 4500 thousand villages will be flooded displacing people from

their homes 1.3 million people will be forced to move The river landscape will be forever changed The lake which will be created could become very polluted from industrial waste

NOW YOU READ ASDAN DAM AND LIST THE PRO AND CONS

Bilateral Aid

Given by the government of one country directly to another.

Pros and Cons

Pros Boosts industryQuick and effectiveSent directly to the government who can then decide how to

use it.

Cons The money may not go to the right thingsThe government may be corrupt Aid may be in the form of machinery or means that aren't

useful.Debt

Multilateral Aid

Given from a fund to which several rich countries contribute EUWorld Bank- 186 member countries, the World Bank is a

source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries. It can provide loans and grants for a wide array of purposes that include investments in education, health, public administration, infrastructure, financial and private sector development, agriculture and environmental and natural resource management.

International Monetary Fund (IMF) promote global monetary cooperation, financial stability, international trade, employment and sustainable economic growth.

Programmes

Structural adjustment programme- Conditionality on market liberalisation. Problems -focused too much on the economics, without a sufficient understanding of the social, the political, the environmental, and the cultural aspects of society.

Good governance- new condition to aid Then more country ownership- comprehensive

framework (1999) States draw up business plans in consultation with WB/IMF and civil society org.

Pros

More likely to meet the needs of the LEDC

Longer term development projectsConditions on aid can be used to put political or economic pressure on the receiving country.

Same as other general benefits of Aid

Cons

Less likely to promote the needs of the LEDCAll these schemes were giving aid with conditions which

were not working Loan conditions not met and WB/IMF would suddenly halter aid-

means innocent suffered.

Debt-loan needed to be repaid- resulting in huge debts- which are huge burdens on LEDCs Nigeria borrowed 3 Billion and has since paid back 9 billion but

interest repayments meant still owes 18 billion

Aid goes to government they may not give to people- Corruption stops the aid reaching people who need it.