The Crisis of the Union

The Compromise of 1850For the North: For the South: The New Mexico Territory:

Slavery in Washington, DC: STRONGER Fugitive Slave LawAbolish Slave Trade in Washington, D.C.Popular Sovereignty in Mexican CessionTexas sells land / Federal Gov. assumes debt Admit California as a Free State

ushc 3.1Evaluate the relative importance of political events and issues that divided the nation and led to civil war, including the compromises reached to maintain the balance of free and slave states, the abolitionist movement, the Dred Scott case, conflicting views on states rights and federal authority, the emergence of the Republican Party, and the formation of the Confederate States of America. 2

BACK to the Compromise of 1850Crisis Avertedfor now.

18501860

The Compromise of 1850 was supposed to be the final compromise between the sections and it was just for different reasons than Clay had intended.Personal Liberty LawsPassed by Wisconsin and other Northern statesGuaranteed jury trials for accused slaves

De facto Nullification

Uncle Toms CabinHarriet Beecher Stowes bestselling anti-slavery novel (1852)Original Illustrations: http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/uncletom/illustra/53illf.html

Stowe

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun05.html9

Some books make usRe-Think1852 Presidential Election185218601856

Franklin Pierce(D-NH)Fourteenth President of the U.S.1853-1857Handsome FrankMexican War Veteran

Kansas-Nebraska ActDoughface (Pro-Southern)

NOT RENOMINATEDThere's nothing left to do but get drunk."http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/fp14.html

The Kansas-Nebraska ActPOPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

In Kansas and Nebraska Territories on the issue of slaveryANIMATED MAP:http://teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/sectionalism/lesson3/ MISSOURI COMPROMISE

Bleeding KansasRace to KansasProslavery vs. AntislaveryBorder Ruffians (from MO)N.E. Immigrant Aid SocietyBeechers Bibles

ANIMATED MAP:http://teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/sectionalism/lesson3/ 1855-185956 DeadBeechers BiblesNew England Emigrant Aid Society

"He (Henry W. Beecher) believed that the Sharps Rifle was a truly moral agency, and that there was more moral power in one of those instruments, so far as the slaveholders of Kansas were concerned, than in a hundred Bibles. You might just as well. . . read the Bible to Buffaloes as to [pro-slavery settlers]; but they have a supreme respect for the logic that is embodied in Sharp's rifle.New York Tribune, 2/8/1856

Bibles

Rev. Henry Ward Beecher (H.B. Stowes relative)

Lawrence, KS, after the Sack of Lawrence by proslavery settlersBleeding Kansas1855-185956 DeadJohn BrownAbolitionistPottawatomie Creek Massacre

BiblesJohn Steuart Curry, Tragic Prelude, 1937-1941

Conflicting Constitutions

LecomptonProslaveryTopekaAntislavery

http://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/17698?size=_original20Republican PartyWhig Party(1832-1854)No longer viable after 1852 electionSPLIT: Northern Whigs and Southern WhigsRepublican Party (1854-Present)Free SoilNOT abolitionist(although abolitionists supported the Republican Party)New England and Northwest power baseNorthern Whigs + Northern Free Soil DemocratsFAIL

The Crime Against KansasCharles SumnerUS Senator (Mass.)

Document 6.5CHIVALRY

Don QuixoteDON QUIXOTE

Brooks/Sumner Incident

(1856)Sen. Charles Sumner (MA)vs. Rep. Preston Brooks (SC)

READ Sumners SpeechREAD Brooks DefenseSLAP!

Nativism

Nativism

Nativism = Anti-Immigration

Philadelphia Nativist RiotsAnti-Catholic violence

St. Augustines Church on Fire(1844)For Further Reading: http://m-francis.livejournal.com/53211.html

29The American PartyKnow NothingsCATHOLICSIMMIGRANTSNOTE: Antebellum immigrants were mostly from Germany and Ireland.I know nothingNATIVISM

Oh! Brother Beecher! Our Kansas Gun has bursted and upset our gunner. Im afraid we put in too big a load.Ah! Fremont, your sectional Gun has exploded just as I predicted, but my American rifle will bring down that Old Buck.Confound the Gun! if I can only get out of this muss Ill stick to preaching and let fire-arms alone.Abolition BogJames Buchanan(D-PA)Fifteenth President of the U.S.1857-1861Pierces Minister to Great Britain abroad during Kan/Neb Act controversy

Sectional Turmoil EscalatedIndecisive concerning secession

Only bachelor to occupy the White Househttp://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jb15.html

Dred Scott v. SandfordFACTS OF THE CASE:Dred Scott, a slave, lived with his master in free territory for two years.

Scott claimed this made him a free man.

(1857)

THE DECISION:People of African descent (incl. Scott) could not be U.S. citizens.Congress cant forbid slavery in federal territories (violation of property rights)Ergo, the Missouri Compromise is Unconstitutional

Judicial Activism

Dred Scott v. Sandford(1857)

Slave Power Conspiracy?

Lincoln-Douglas DebatesIllinois Senate RaceStephen Douglas (Democratic Incumbent)Abraham Lincoln (Republican Challenger)FOCUS: Free Soil

Significance:Douglas wins, but loses popularity in the South.Lincoln becomes a national figure.Lincoln-Douglas Debate Memorial

(1857)

House Divided Speech Abraham Lincoln 1858John Browns RaidOBJECTIVE:Seize a federal arsenal Harpers Ferry, VA

TREASONTried, Convicted, ExecutedDifferent reactions in North and South

(1859)ParanoiaNORTH: Slave Power ConspiracyThe South wants to spread slavery throughout the nationSOUTH: North plans to destroy Southern slavery by igniting slave revolts.Mason-Dixon Line

Abraham Lincoln(R-IL)Sixteenth President of the U.S.1861-1865Democratic Party split

Election prompted secession of states in the Deep Southhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/al16.html

Secession

Cat Scratch FeverTed NugentTed Nugent: Super Hits, track 3/10, disc 1/11998Rock217979.17eng - iTunPGAP0eng - iTunNORM 000013CE 00000AF4 00006CB2 000038CA 0000746D 00032A68 00007CC0 00007CC6 00002143 00010087eng - iTunSMPB 00000000 00000210 00000A68 0000000000929F88 00000000 0042743F 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000