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ON CHILDREN’S NUTRITIONAL STATUSWATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE
(WASH)
THE CRITICAL IMPACT OF
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WASH
Why is
so critical for the
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What is WASH?
HYGIENE: HANDWASHING WITH SOAP
SAFE DRINKING WATER
SANITATION: ALWAYS USING A SAFE, CLEAN TOILET
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NUTRITION SPECIFIC INTERVENTIONS
NUTRITION SENSITIVE INTERVENTIONS
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How does inadequate WASH affect children?
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What happens if there is inadequate WASH?
INADEQUATE WASH(open defecation, not handwashing with soap,
drinking unsafe water)
Fecal-oral exposure
Environmental
Enteropathy
Intestinal Worm
Infections
Diarrhoeal
Diseases
POOR NUTRITIONAL STATUS/
UNDERNUTRITION
Source: “Linking toilets to stunting” Sanitation and Stunting
Conference, Delhi School of Economics; O. Cummings LSHTM
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What happens if there is inadequate WASH?
POOR NUTRITIONAL STATUS / UNDERNUTRITION
Low Height for age Low weight for height
STUNTED CHILD WASTED CHILD
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WASH
How can improved
contribute to a child’s first
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Pruss-Ustun, 2006
Improved WASH conditions can reduce
parasitic intestinal infections such as worm infestation that
impacts
nutritional status.
Fewtrell Review, 2005
There is a strong evidence of a
positive impact of WASH interventions on child infections.
Esrey 1996, multi-country analysis, sample size almost
17.000
Improvements in sanitation were associated with increase in
height ranging from 0.8cm to 1.9cm. (decrease in stunting 4–37%
(rural) and 20–46% (urban).
Luby, 2005
Children under 5 years in households that had undergone
handwashing with soap promotion had a 50 % lower incidence of
pneumonia than control groups.
Cochrane Review, 2013
WASH intervention effect is equivalent to
a 15% reduction in global prevalence of
stunting.
How can WASH contribute to the 1,000 days?
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6 MONTHS-2YEARSPREGNANCY 0-6 MONTHS
How can WASH contribute to the 1,000 days?
• Ensuring all pregnant women can access safe water and clean
toilets,
and can practice good hygiene – contributes to reducing
maternal
anemia and maternal Environmental Enteropathy;
• Ensuring all health facilities have safe water supply and
clean,
functional toilets with handwashing facilities – contributes to
ensuring
deliveries are safe for mother and children.
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How can WASH contribute to the 1,000 days?
• Eliminating open defecation and ensuring safe disposal of
children’s feces – contributes to a cleaner living environment,
reducing
infections (including diarrheal diseases, intestinal worms)
and
Environmental Enteropathy;
• Ensuring use of safe water and good hygiene practices by
family
members – contributes to ensuring food hygiene and a cleaner
living
environment, reducing infections.
6 MONTHS-2YEARSPREGNANCY 0-6 MONTHS
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WASH
IN THE
PHILIPPINES
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(WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, 2015)
Estimated WATER coverage (2015)
YearTotal
improved
Piped onto
premises
Other
improved
Other
unimproved
Surface
water
1990 84% 25% 59% 12% 4%
2015 92% 43% 49% 5% 3%
Estimated SANITATION coverage (2015)
Year Improved SharedOther
unimprovedOpen
defecation
1990 57% 14% 14% 15%
2015 74% 18% 1% 7%
GOAL REACHED (86.5 %)
GOOD PROGRESS (GOAL FOR 2015: 83.8%)
What is the WASH situation in the Philippines ?
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Sanitation and Stunting
in the Philippines
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What needs to be done?
National Sustainable Sanitation Plan (NSSP):
By 2022, all barangays should be declared Zero Open
Defecation
(ZOD)
By 2028, universal access to safe and adequate sanitation
facilities
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What needs to be done?
Political leadership
Increased investment in WASH
solutions
Demonstrating and
documenting solutions and
model approaches
Developing inclusive
partnerships
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WASH
Invest in
for
A N D B E Y O N D
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For more information, please contact
Louise Maule
Chief
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Section
UNICEF Philippines
[email protected]
United Nations Children’s Fund
31st floor, Yuchengco Tower
RCBC Plaza
6819 Ayala Avenue
1200, Makati City
Philippines
www.unicef.ph
© United Nations Children’s Fund
July 2015
