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THE DARK AGES AND THE BLACK DEATHNO FUN ALL THE TIME!!
AFTER JUSTINIAN’S PLAGUE
• RELIGION TAKES CENTER STAGE• Bede• St. Benedict• Church is the Dominant force in Europe
• Islam on the rise across North Africa• Conquers Iberian Peninsula• Intent on taking over all of Europe
• Charles Martel v. Abdul Racman
CHARLEMAGNE:THE GREATEST KING
• Establishes Economy
• Education• Builds schools for all children• Learns to read and write
• Expands Empire
• Bloody verdict of Verdun• Embrace Christian God or else• 4500 in one day
• Establishes 350 counties under his control
VIKINGS ARRIVE ON THE SCENE
• LINDESFARNE MONESTARY: JUNE 8, 793• Want the wealth of England• Pay “protection money” setback for Europe
• IVAR THE BONELESS (dies 873)• York• Great Heathen Army
• Alfred the Great• Built fortresses• Vikings- no siege technology--- lose (25 years)
VIKINGS OUT---NEW THREAT IN!
• Knights: Gangsters.• No war to fight• Hired on by Lords • Force peasants to yield to the Lords
• Church steps in to stop the Lords• Peace of God
• Leave Peasants , widows, and priests alone• No fighting on certain days• No fighting around Christmas or Sundays.
CRUSADES• God Wills It!
• Puts Knights to work for God instead of Lords
• 9 crusades over 200 years• No victories• Brought back knowledge
• Books• Medicine• Ancient works of Greeks
• Crusades awakened Europe to the rest of the world• New stone buildings• New roads to get to battle• Tales of the “East”• Trade (Marco Polo)
EUROPE BEGINS TO GROW
• Mini- Ice Age ends around 1000 AD.
• Warmer weather• Longer growing season• More abundant harvests• More people
• New mini-Ice Age comes on the scene (1300-1850)
GREAT FAMINE OF 1315-1317
• BY 1300, POPULATION FINALLY RECOVERED FROM JUSTINIAN’S PLAGUE
• VIKINGS GONE
• CRUSADES OVER
• POPULATION RISES WITH RISING FOOD PRODUCTION
• NO MARGIN FOR ERROR
BAM! CLIMATE CHANGES—CROPS FAIL5 YEARS OF CONTINUOUS RAINFALL
• 1315• WET SPRING
• CANNOT PLOW THE FIELDS• HEAVY SUMMER RAINS
• SEED GRAIN ROTS• FOOD RESERVES GONE
• PEOPLE GO INTO THE FORESTS• ROOTS• BERRIES• PLANTS• GRASSES• NUTS
• PEOPLE WEAKENED BY MALNUTRITION
AND SO IT CONTINUES
• 1316• COLD AND WET SPRING AND SUMMER• PEOPLE AFFECTED
• NO ENERGY• NO FOOD RESERVES
• 1317• DRAFT ANIMALS EATEN• SEED GRAIN EATEN• CHILDREN ABANDONED TO DIE• OLD PEOPLE STARVED THEMSELVES FOR THE REST OF THE FAMILY• CANNIBALISM (HANSEL AND GRETEL)
TOO LATE!!
• SUMMER OF 1317• WEATHER RETURNED TO NORMAL BUT PEOPLE COULDN’T REBOUND• NEEDED MORE SEED THAN AVAILABLE• NO ANIMALS TO HELP PLANT• PEOPLE TOO WEAK• OTHER ILLNESSES TOOK OVER
• PNEUMONIA• BRONCHITIS• TUBERCULOSIS
• 1325• FINALLY RECOVER BECAUSE LESS PEOPLE TO FEED• PEOPLE ARE VIOLENT TOWARDS EACH OTHER NO TRUST• “The Mouse Tower of Bingen.”
THE BLACK DEATH 1347-1351
• Things were getting better• Less people- enough food• Population recovers
• Trade with East along Silk Road
• Caffa siege• Monguls hit by Plague• Toss dead over the wall• People flee to Genova
BIG OOPS ON THAT ONE!!!
GREAT SCHISM FOLLOWS
• 1309 Pope moves to Avignon, France• King of France pushes hard on Pope• Moves back to Rome 1377
• King elects own Pope to rule from Avignon• People confused: which Pope do we listen to?
• AVIGNON:FRANCE, SICILY, SCOTLAND, CASTILE, ARAGON, PORTUGAL• ROME: ROME, FLANDERS, POLAND, HUNGARY, GERMANY
• 1409: LET’S HAVE ONE GUY DO IT ALL!• COUNCIL IN PISA ELECTS NEW POPE TO UNITE• OTHER TWO POPES DISAGREE: THREE POPES!
• 1417 ONE POPE AGAIN!• ROMAN POPE RESIGNS• POPE MARTIN V AND THAT’S JUST THE WAY IT IS!
QUESTIONS???????????????