5th IEA GHG Risk Assessment Network Workshop

The Development of EPA’sThe Development of EPA s Regulatory Regimesg y g

Jason Deardorff

U S Environmental Protection Agency Region 8U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – Region 8

Ninth Annual Conference on Carbon Capture & SequestrationMay 17, 2010 • Golden, Colorado

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

Region 8 and EPA’s National StructureU d d I j i C l (UIC)Underground Injection Control (UIC)

Program and Backgroundg gEPA’s GS Rulemaking

Process, Goals, and ApproachProposed GS Requirementsp qNotice of Data AvailabilityC GS l A i i i

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Current GS Rule Activities

Region 8 and EPA’s National Structure

Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program Background

1974 S f D i ki W t A t (SDWA)1974 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA); Reauthorized in 1996

Federal regulations for protection of Underground SourcesFederal regulations for protection of Underground Sources of Drinking Water (USDWs)USDW defined as any aquifer or portion of an aquifer that

li bli t t OR i l th 10 000 /lsupplies a public water system OR is less than 10,000 mg/lTotal Dissolved Solids (TDS) AND of sufficient quantity to supply a public water system

UIC Program regulates underground injection of all fluids – liquid, gas, or slurryq , g , y

Designation as a commodity does not change SDWA applicabilityS t l (h d b ) t il &

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Some natural gas (hydrocarbon) storage, oil & gas production activities, and some hydraulic fracturing fluids are exempted

UIC Program Background5 Well Classes

Class I Cl II Cl III Class VClass I Class II Class III Class V

Class IV

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Class IV(banned)

UIC Program Background UIC Primacy

MT

NH

VT

ME

ND

WA

ORMN

FP

SD

INNJ

CT RI

MA

NE

OR

ID

WY

WI

OHIA

PA

NY

MI

CA

CO

INMD

DC

DENV

UT

KS MO

NC

ILWV

TN

KYVA

AKNM

TX

OKAR

LA

MSAL

GA

SCAZ

TN

Joint State/ EPA

State Program

FLHI

ProgramJoint Tribal/ EPAProgram

*The Fort Peck (FP) Tribes and the Navajo NationEPA Program

Vi i I l d

Puerto Rico

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The Fort Peck (FP) Tribes and the Navajo Nation (NN) are currently the only Tribes with UIC Primacy

American Samoa

Virgin Islands

Guam

EPA’s GS RulemakingGoals of the Rulemaking Process

Ensure protection of USDWsTailor existing UIC program requirements forTailor existing UIC program requirements for GS of CO2Capitalize on existing EPA and State UICCapitalize on existing EPA and State UIC program experienceUse a clear and transparent processUse a clear and transparent processInvolve, inform, and educate the publicUse an adaptive approach to incorporate newUse an adaptive approach to incorporate new data and information

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EPA’s GS Rulemaking Approach to Rulemaking

Special Considerations for GS: Existing UIC Program Elements:Large Volumes

BuoyancyViscosity (Mobility)

Elements:Site Characterization Well ConstructionViscosity (Mobility)

CorrosivityWell ConstructionWell OperationSite Monitoring Area Of ReviewPost-Injection Site CarePublic ParticipationDevelop new well class Public ParticipationFinancial ResponsibilitySite Closure

Develop new well class for GS – Class VI

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S e C osu e

EPA’s GS Rulemakingl 1 2008 l OJuly 15, 2008 Proposal Overview

M t i j t b l th l t USDWMust inject below the lowermost USDWUse of numerical models to determine the Area of Review (a reiterative process)of Review (a reiterative process)New wells must have surface casing through the lowermost USDW, long string casing cementedlowermost USDW, long string casing cemented to surface, and use tubing and packerContinual monitoring of pressures in the well with automatic shut-offSampling and monitoring of the injection zone

d fi i tand confining systemInjection pressure must not exceed 90% of formation fracture pressureformation fracture pressurePost-injection monitoring for 50 years

Notice of Data AvailabilityBackground

Notice of Data Availability (NODA) Published August 31 2009Published August 31, 200945 day comment period: August 31st – October 15th, 20092009

Developed to seek comment on:N h fi di d DOE R i l P t hiNew research findings and DOE Regional Partnership project dataP t ti l h t ll i j ti bPotential approach to allow injection above or between USDWs (a waiver process)C h i F k (SDWA CAA RCRA)

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Comprehensive Framework (SDWA, CAA, RCRA)

Notice of Data AvailabilityInjection Depth

Proposal requires that all Class VI wells inject below the lowermost USDW

Stakeholders:Supported requirements as proposed (e g waterSupported requirements as proposed (e.g., water organizations, some states)Supported more flexibility in this requirement (e.g. pp y q ( gDOE, some states and industry)

There are some areas of the country where CO storageThere are some areas of the country where CO2 storage capacity would be severely limited by the requirement as proposed

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p p

Notice of Data Availability

Th i l t

Injection Depth Waiver Process

The waiver process goals are to:Accommodate injection into different formations at

i d d thvaried depthsConsider the concept that injection above and/or b t th l t USDW d ifibetween the lowermost USDW, under specific circumstances, can be equally protective of USDWsP id fl ibilit d d t t itProvide flexibility and respond to storage capacity concernsE id ti f it d i ki tEnsure consideration of community drinking water resources by requiring coordination between the UIC Director and the Public Water Supply System

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UIC Director and the Public Water Supply System Director

EPA’s GS RulemakingCurrent Activities 1

Engaging GS and CCS Partners

Coordinating with:Coordinating with:StakeholdersCo-regulators, States, and Tribal NationsgEPA Program Offices and RegionsThe National Drinking Water Advisory Council and the Environmental Financial Advisory BoardEnvironmental Financial Advisory BoardOther Federal Agencies

Attending National Meetings focused on USDW protection and GS

NETL TCEQ ASDWA AWWA GWPC IEA d13

NETL, TCEQ, ASDWA, AWWA, GWPC, IEA, and IOGCC

EPA’s GS RulemakingCurrent Activities 2

Participating in the Interagency CCS Task Force co-chaired by EPA and DOEy

Overcome barriers to widespread, cost-effective deployment of CCS in ten yearsdeployment of CCS in ten yearsBring 5-10 commercial demonstration projects online by 2016online by 2016Build international collaboration on CCS

Final project plan due summer 2010

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EPA’s GS RulemakingCurrent Activities 3

P i f R l Fi li tiPreparing for Rule Finalization

Reviewing comments and preparing responses toReviewing comments and preparing responses to comments:

July 15, 2008 Proposaly , pAugust 31, 2009 Notice of Data Availability

Finalizing GS regulatory text and preambleg g y pPreparing a final rule cost analysisFinalizing support documents and the final ruleFinalizing support documents and the final rule docketDeveloping technical guidance documents to support

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Developing technical guidance documents to support rule implementation

EPA’s GS Rulemaking Schedule

Activity Timeframe

Technical Workshops & Data Collection Completed

Stakeholder Meetings December 2007/February 2008

Administrator’s Signature of Proposed Rule July 15, 2008

Notice of Data Availability August 31 2009Notice of Data Availability August 31, 2009

Final UIC Rule for GS of CO2 Late 2010/Early 2011

Implementation of UIC Rule for GS of CO2 Post-rule publication

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Thank you!Thank you!

More information about the UIC Program

EPA Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Website:EPA Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Website: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/uic/wells_sequestration.html

Code of Federal Regulations: Underground Injection Control Regulations 40 g g j gCFR 144-148: http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?sid=d6ee71a544eca89c533c825135913f13&c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title40/40cfrv22_02.tpl

Rulemaking Docket: www.regulations.gov (docket i.d.: EPA-HQ-OW-2008-0390)

Jason Deardorff, US EPA – deardorff.jason@epa.gov

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