The Development of Indian Education 1 Latest

8/7/2019 The Development of Indian Education 1 Latest

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The development of IndianEducation

Abha Adams Education Consultancy


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Home to all

major faiths

Hinduism,

Christianity,

Islam,

BuddhismSikhism

Judaism

Jainism

Zorastrianism

Animism


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The Evolution Of EducationFor thousands of years India has hadsystems of education that have beenenhanced and diminished bycolonialism and the prominence ofdifferent religions.

Example.

British rule during the 19th century didnot encourage the development of

science and technology in India. Till1899 only the University of Bombay

offered a separate degree in science.

By the late 1800s India had laggedbehind in science and technology and

related education.


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The Evolution Of Education

We must do our best to

form a class who may beinterpreters between usand the millions whomwe govern; a class ofpersons, Indian

in blood and

color, but English

in taste, opinions, in morals, and in

intellect.Thomas Babington Macaulay. - 1835


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1857 1859.

British Government takes over

most of India.B

ishop Cotton sentfrom England to develop schoolsto produce an Indian uppermiddle class loyal to Britain.

Prefect System and PhysicalEducation were the most importantparts of the plan to produce thisgraded, obedient class.


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The British needed adisciplined, obedient,administrative class.

Loyal to each other, theirschool and the Raj.

Used to being ordered, andgiving orders. (Prefect

system).


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Used to being ordered, andgiving orders.

Militaristic

Educationwasprovided

with the helpof theEuropeanmissionaries.


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Indian Education Today

Unlike England, Indian Schools have notexperienced the revolutions in Education thattook place in the 1940s, 1960s 1970s and

1990s. AND Indian Education is extremelyunderfunded.

Present Annual Allocation for

Education Central plus States is

2.84% of GDP whereas 6% is usual.

Government has increased this in

last three years


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India Today


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Education is both a Cent

ral Gove

rnmentand State responsibility.

Prima

ry and Seconda

ry Educationcovers a 10 + 2 system

Combination of State fundedschool, private schools and NGOeducation programs


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PRIMARY EDUCATION

The country has 1.24 million primaryschools (approx 200 million children) andthanks to the worlds largest primaryschool mid day meal scheme which nowcovers 140 million children gross

enrolment has

risen to 98.5% (07-08)

Sadly an estimated 53 % drop out beforethey reach class 8 due to poorinfrastructure, teachers

Absenteeism is rife 25%

According to ASER 2008 Annual Status ofEducation 42% of students in class 5dont exhibit learning outcomes theyshould have attained by class 2

India hosts theworlds largest

child population

450 millionIndians arebelow 18 years

of age


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Secondary Education Affiliation

3 NATIONAL BOARDS CBSE, ISC, NOS (Englishmedium)

CBSE 9581 SCHOOLS (6% of Sec schools)

ISC 1500 (1%)

REGIONAL EXAM BOARDS MAKE UP

THE REST (Regional Languages)

Approx. 100 International Schools,

IGCSE/A levels International

Baccalaureate


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Education for the wealthiest 1%


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Price Tags

Quality of education in bestprimary/secondary comparable with thebest globally price tag makes it thepreserve of the upper middle classes

International Schools

have astronomical

fees compared

to Indian norms.


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Price Tags

Parents would expect to pay Rs.10k amonth on school fees at a reputedprivate school This could be 25% ormore of their salary.

International Schools charge

From 40k to 100,00K per

month.


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Quality of the State Board State FundedSchools

Mostly Inferior in academicand infrastructure standards

Promoted by State, local Govts,private educationists for thecountrys lower middle class

and aspirational poor

Corrupt practices, license Raj,text book printing, teacherrecruitment.


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Islands of Excellence

587 Jawahar Navodya Vidyalayas

Enrollment of 4 million children.

952 Central Government promotedKVs


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Acute shortage of Secondary Schools

Total is 162,000 Another 400,000 arerequired if we are to have every childunder 15 years old in school.

Substantial private sectorInvolvement

82000 are privately promoted& managed (NUEPA)


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THE SYSTEM

Exam driven

Curriculum Challenges

Subjects in Class X

Subject Streams in Class XII,Arts, Science Commerce


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NGO INTERVENTION

Pratham committed to universalisingelementary education, operating in 21States has reached 21 million children withr

eading and basic maths.

NGO School Examples:

Fab India Education Trust

Satya Bharti Schools


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431 Universities

Higher Ed. Sector accommodates only 9% of ouruniversity age population 24 million. Comparewith 70% in US and 20% in China

21000 Colleges

Heavy Govt Subsidy

Higher Education


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Higher Education - Reality Check

1 out 9 children finishing school joins College.

Higher Education enrolment is 11%

- US 83%

Target is 15% in 2012

Investment required 2,26410

crore, one fourth set aside.


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HIGHER EDUCATION - REALITY CHECK

Shortage of teachers endemic 15 25% shortfall in IITs.

Curricula revised 10 years

Inadequate research stimulus, US accounts for 1/3 of the

worlds published research in Science & Engineering India under 3%

Shortage of good institutions sees cut offs

to Colleges soar 98.75%

Increase in student suicides

Indian students spend $7 billion to study in

overseas universities


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Higher Education - Needed

1500 Universities in the next 5 years if the universityenrolment is to reach 15% by 2012

Private sector involvement in opening new Univs.

Change of vocabulary from vocational to

industry linked, develop skills as the Dept.of Ed and Skills in the UK


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Higher Education Fees

Frozen since 1950 under $2 a month

Targeted subsidies long term loans for

needy Student required


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Higher Education - Reforms Sought

Dismantle too much govt. control

Ease of entry, exit and operations for newplayers

The not-for-profit dilemma

Academic freedom and institutional

autonomy

Privatization with regulation

Mobility from school to vocational

& to Higher Education


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REFORMS PROPOSED

Enactment of the Right of Childrento Free and Compulsory Education Bill.

Policy framework for public private

partnerships in school education.

Increased use of ICT in secondary schools for open/distancelearning

Evolution of a National Curriculum

Framework for teacher education.

Examinationr

efor

m optional class X,grades replace marks

National Literacy Mission focus on women.

All India Madarsa Board

DemographicDividend half ofIndias population is

below 25 years

Entrepreneurial andcompetitive spirit


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Reforms in Higher Education

Autonomous body for higher education andresearch

Enact a law to punish education malpractice

Independent regulatory authority to

assess and accredit institutions

Regulate entry and operation for

foreign educational providers

Fast track tribunal to adjudicate

disputes.


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Policy Initiatives

Brain Gain to attract talent to Indian universities

Scheme of interest subsidies on educational loans

Str

engthenr

emedial coaching for

SC/ST minor

itycommunities

New Policy on distance learning

Model degr

ee colleges in 100 distr

ictsfor weaker sections

100 womens hostels in higher

education institutes in minority areas


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Infrastructure Additions

Operationalise 12 Central Universities

2 new IITs

5000 Colleges to be equipped with broadband

internet

100 new polytechnics in States

10 new NITs in unserved States

700 community polytechnics in rural

Areas

82000 scholarships


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In India

42,000,000

Children are

malnourished.

Half of children in

India are

underweight

8%suffer acute

malnutrition

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