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The Early Middle Ages
Rome is gone!
The Middle Ages
• Rome is gone, barbarians rule Europe• Roman and barbarian cultures merge• Kingdoms develop (Franks, Goths, Lombards,
etc.)
The Merovingian Kings (ruled for 200 years)
• Clovis (481-511) unites the Franks– How?
• Converts to Roman Catholicism. Why?– Excuse to conquer the rest of
Gaul to spread Christianity– Ties him to the major power of
Europe (the Church)• Becomes the Frankish
Kingdom (France gets its name from this)
The Merovingian Kings (ruled for 200 years)
• After Clovis’ death, individual dukes assert control (feudalism)
• Reunified by Charles Martel in 737.
• Halted advance of the Muslims (Battle of Tours)
Age of Charlemagne• Frankish King: conquers
nearly all of Europe• Spreads Catholicism• Crowned Holy Roman
Emperor by Pope• Spoke and read multiple
languages• Tried to bring back education• Created Medieval Europe
Death of Charlemagne
• Charlemagne’s empire divided between his three sons
• Louis the German and Charles the Bald each take the lands that like them the most
• Present the least organized states to brother Lothar
• Creates lasting divide between Germany and France
Feudalism in Europe
Terms you need to know
• Feudalism • Lord• Fief• Vassal• Knight• Serf• Manor• Tithe• Long boat• Viking
• Secular• Sacrament• Lay investiture• Cannon law• Clergy• Pope • Cardinal• Monk• Priest
The Vikings, Magyars and Muslims
How did groups like the Vikings, Magyars and Muslims bring an end to unified govt in Europe?
The Vikings or Norsemen
• Pride in being fierce warriors• Gods were warlike• Discovered Americas• Attacked primarily by water without warning
Early CastlesAlfred the Great of England starts building them
Late Medieval castles
The Deal
A New Social Order: Feudalism• In 911, two former enemies faced each other in a peace ceremony. Rollo
was the head of a Viking army. Rollo and his men had been plundering the rich Seine (sayn) River valley for years. Charles the Simple was the king of France but held little power. Charles granted the Viking leader a huge piece of French territory. It became known as Northmen’s land, or Normandy. In return, Rollo swore a pledge of loyalty to the king.
What did Rollo get?What did Charles get?Explain how the deal between Rollo and Charles the Simple led to Feudalism?
How could this kind of deal lead to future problems?
Feudal Pyramid
What words do you think of?
The Manor1. Manor HouseThe dwelling place of the lord2. Village ChurchSite of both religious services andpublic meetings3. Peasant CottagesWhere the peasants lived4. Lord’s DemesneFields owned by the lord and workedby the peasants5. Peasant CroftsGardens that belonged to the peasants6. MillWater-powered mill for grinding grain7. Common PastureCommon area for grazing animals8. WoodlandForests provided wood for fuel.
Sucks to be you (a serf)The economics of feudalism.
• What did the lord provide the serf?– Housing – Small 2 room dirt floor. Children rarely
survived past infancy– farmland – If children did survive they worked the fields
as soon as possible (no education)– protection from bandits.
• What did the serf have to give the lord in return?– Tax at the mill– Tax to get Married (and only if the lord agreed)– Tax to the church –Tithe- (10%)– A portion of the grain crop– Work the lords land 3 days a week
Sucks to be you (a serf)The economics of feudalism.
• Why did serfs rarely leave the manor?– The manor was a self-sufficient– Why did the manorial system possibly develop this
way? (2 major reasons)
• What was the life expectancy for a serf?– 35 years old was an old man. – Serfs made up 90% of the population of Europe– Why so young?
Review• What is the 1st major kingdom after the fall of Rome?
– Frankish• Who are the first 2 rulers of this kingdom?
– Clovis & Charles Martel• This kingdom gets another new name, what is it?
– Holy Roman Empire• Who is the 1st Holy Roman Emperor?
– Charlemagne• What happens to HRE after Charlemagne’s death?
– Split up between sons • What causes the breakdown of large kingdoms (not just HRE)?
– Vikings• What new system of government and society comes about
because of the Vikings? – Feudalism
More Review• What was exchanged for loyalty under feudalism?
– Land or protection• Who was at the top of the Feudal Pyramid?
– King• Next?
– Nobles• What is this guys job? • What were the large estate farms or small kingdoms that people
lived on? – Manors
• Who does it suck to be during the Middle Ages? – Serf
• (or everyone)
Now What?• Viking raids stop either because of fortifications of
castles or they have conquered and stayed (England)– 90% of male population in Most of British Isle has been
driven off or killed by Viking invaders (Angles & Saxons)– So much that you are reading this language right now!
• Well, no more Vikings to fight….. How about each other
• The Pope – only central authority figure must find a way to keep catholic Europe from killing each other.
• What does he need?