The Earth in Motion:The Earth in Motion:A Story of Rock FormationA Story of Rock Formation

Presented by:Presented by:Jennifer WickershamJennifer Wickersham

Science InstructorScience Instructor Wolfe Middle School Wolfe Middle School

Center Line Public SchoolsCenter Line Public Schools

April 10, 2010April 10, 2010

ActivityActivity

Time for “A Box of Rocks”Time for “A Box of Rocks”

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The Earth’s CrustThe Earth’s Crust

The outer layer of the The outer layer of the earth.earth.

– About 22 miles thick (35 km) About 22 miles thick (35 km) under the continents.under the continents.

– About 6 miles thick (10 km) About 6 miles thick (10 km) thick under the oceans. thick under the oceans.

The crust is made of ROCK!The crust is made of ROCK!

Teacher ‘s Background Information

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What Makes a Rock?What Makes a Rock?

Think of a salad…Think of a salad…

Many ingredients (lettuce, carrots, tomatoes, Many ingredients (lettuce, carrots, tomatoes, dressing) make a salad.dressing) make a salad.

Individually, the ingredients are ONE type of food. Individually, the ingredients are ONE type of food.

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Rocks are Made of Minerals!Rocks are Made of Minerals!

Minerals are the “ingredients” of Minerals are the “ingredients” of rocks.rocks.

Alone, they are minerals…together they are rocks!

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What Is a Mineral?What Is a Mineral?

SolidSolid Inorganic Inorganic (Not from plants or animals)(Not from plants or animals)

Naturally OccurringNaturally Occurring (Not man-made)(Not man-made)

Crystalline StructureCrystalline Structure (Specific shape)(Specific shape)

Definite Chemical CompositionDefinite Chemical Composition (A (A single substance) single substance)

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They All Look the Same to They All Look the Same to Me!Me!

Look closely at your sample…Look closely at your sample… Does it appear to be a single Does it appear to be a single

substance? substance? – It is probably a mineral. It is probably a mineral.

Are there many “grains” or clearly Are there many “grains” or clearly more than one substance?more than one substance?– It is probably a rock. It is probably a rock.

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Time for “Stories in Stone”!Time for “Stories in Stone”!

LHS GEMS Teacher GuideLHS GEMS Teacher Guide

Sessions 6, 7, 8Sessions 6, 7, 8

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Plate Tectonics…BrieflyPlate Tectonics…Briefly

There are There are threethree basic types of plate basic types of plate movement:movement:– Converging (moving together)Converging (moving together)– Diverging (moving apart)Diverging (moving apart)– Transforming (moving side by side) Transforming (moving side by side)

GEMS “Stories in Stone” presents GEMS “Stories in Stone” presents oneone type of plate movement – type of plate movement – continental to oceanic convergence.continental to oceanic convergence.

Teacher ‘s Background Information

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Igneous RockIgneous Rock IntrusiveIntrusive

– Slow cooling inside the crustSlow cooling inside the crust– Larger than sand-sized crystal Larger than sand-sized crystal grainsgrains

Extrusive Extrusive – Quickly cooling on or above the crustQuickly cooling on or above the crust– Smaller than sand sized crystal Smaller than sand sized crystal grains or no crystalsgrains or no crystals

Key: Formed from

Key: Formed from

magma!magma!

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Sedimentary RockSedimentary Rock

Organic Organic (plants and animals)(plants and animals)

Clastic Clastic (fragments)(fragments)

Chemical Chemical (dissolved minerals)(dissolved minerals)

Key: Formed by “leftovers”!

Key: Formed by “leftovers”!

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Metamorphic RockMetamorphic Rock FoliatedFoliated

– Crystals are flattened Crystals are flattened in parallel bandsin parallel bands– LayeringLayering

Non-foliatedNon-foliated– No parallel bandsNo parallel bands– No LayeringNo Layering

Key: Any pre-existing rock changed

Key: Any pre-existing rock changed

chemically and physically by heat

chemically and physically by heat

and pressure!and pressure!

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The Rock CycleThe Rock Cycle

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ActivityActivity

After Stories in Stone…After Stories in Stone…

Revisit “A Box of Rocks” with the Revisit “A Box of Rocks” with the Classification ChartClassification Chart

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Extend It!Extend It!

Journey on the Rock Cycle ActivityJourney on the Rock Cycle Activity

Student Power Point – Rocks and Student Power Point – Rocks and MineralsMinerals

Make Plate Tectonic ModelsMake Plate Tectonic Models

Collect Local Rock SamplesCollect Local Rock Samples

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ResourcesResources www.geology.comwww.geology.com Rock Hounds:Rock Hounds:

www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/index2.htmlindex2.html

www.galleries.com/minerals http://www.learner.org/interactives/http://www.learner.org/interactives/

rockcycle/diagram.htmlrockcycle/diagram.html Rock Cycle Diagram: Rock Cycle Diagram:

http://www.unificationtheory.com/biolhttp://www.unificationtheory.com/biology/rock%20cycle.htmlogy/rock%20cycle.html

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