The Earth’s LayersUnit 1: Part 1

Bell Work- Tuesday Aug 26

•Using the notecards on your table, write an affirmation to Mr. Cassinelli and Mrs. G•Remind me about Good things and Lunch count

Bell Work- Tuesday Aug 26

•According to the Big Bang theory, how were the planets formed?•Remind me about Good Things

The Surface of the Earth•The surface of the earth is in constant motion•What are some ways that the earth’s surface can change

over time?

•Does the interior of the earth change over time? How do you know?

Studying the Earth’s Interior•Geologists cannot look inside the Earth• They have only managed to drill 12

kilometers into the Earth

•Seismic Waves• They send waves into the earth to help

map out what the interior looks like• The speed of the waves and paths they

take reveal the earth’s interior

Seismic Wave Activity•This will be turned in at the end of class!•Step 1: Create waves in the bucket (be sure not to

spill or splash!)•Step 2: Observe wave patterns• Write down observations in full sentences (at least 3)• What pattern do the waves make? • Are the waves going in the same direction?• Draw a picture of the waves

•Step 3: Place a glass in the center of the bucket and repeat steps 1 and 2• How did the addition of the glass change the waves?• How could this activity be tied to using seismic waves to study the

earth’s interior?• Draw a picture of the waves

Bell Work- Wed Aug 26

•Using the notecards on your table, write an affirmation to the person sitting next to you (at your table of 4)•Remind me about Good things and Lunch count

Bell Work- Wed Aug 27

•How do scientists study the interior of the earth? (2-4 sentences)

Temperature

•Temperature: Increases towards center of the earth•Results from heat left over from the formation of the planet•Radioactive substances inside earth release energy

Pressure

•Pressure: Increases towards center of the earth•Pressure caused by forces pressing on an area•The weight of rock above causes an increase in pressure as you go deeper

The Layers of the Earth

The Crust•The outermost layer (the skin of the earth•5-70 km thick, about 600 Celsius•2 types of crust•Oceanic Crust•Made from dense basalt

•Continental Crust•Made from less dense granite

The Mantle

•Made of hot solid rock that moves fluidly- like silly putty•3,000 km thick•3 layers

The 3 Layers of the Mantle•The Lithosphere- Uppermost layer of the mantle• Rigid Stone, 100km thick, About 1200 celsius

•The Asthenosphere- Middle layer of the mantle• Less rigid, solid rock, about 1300 celsius

•The lower mantle- the lower layer• Solid Rock, about 1700 celsius

The Mantle

The core

•Outer Core: Liquid Iron and Nickel•About 5200 celsius•Inner Core: Solid Iron and Nickel•About 5500 celsius•800 miles thick

Earth’s Layer Folder•Folder must contain 3 sheets• Sheet 1: Inner and Outer Core• Sheet 2: Mantle (all 3 parts)• Sheet 3: Crust

• Each sheet should explain the following• Thickness of the layer• State of matter of the layer• Any known facts of the layer• Due Tuesday Sept 3

Bell Work- Thursday Aug 28

•Using the notecards on your table, write an affirmation to Mr. Yanaitis and Dr. Pantou•Remind me about Good things and Lunch count

Bell Work- Thurs Aug 28

•Can solid rock flow? How? (1-2 sentences)

Types of Heat Transfer•Radiation: transfer of energy through space• Example: Sunlight warms the earth (no direct contact)

•Conduction: heat transfer within a material or between materials that are touching• Example: spoon in a pot of soup heats up

•Convection: heat transfer movement of currents within a fluid

Current Convection•Heating and cooling of the fluid, changes in the fluids density, and the force of gravity combine to set convection currents in motion•Continue as long as heat is added

Current Convection in the mantle

• Heat from the core and the mantle itself causes convection currents in the mantle• Heat transfers from core to rock of

mantle; this rock rises toward top of mantle and cools. As the rock cools, it sinks closer to the core, creating currents.

Convection activity• Carefully pour some hot water into the aluminum pan.• Fill the plastic cup half full with cold water and place in the center

of the pan.• Allow water to stand for two minutes until all motion stops• Fill a plastic dropper with some food coloring. Hold the dropper

just under the waters surface and slightly away from the edge of the cup, gently squeeze a small droplet of the food coloring into the water.• Observe for one minute.• Write 3 observations in full sentences and draw a picture

• Add another droplet at the waters surface in the middle of the cup and observe again• Write 3 observations in full sentences and draw a picture

Bell Work- Friday Aug 29

•In your notes, write down 3 long term and 3 short term goals for this year•Remind me about Good things and Lunch count

Bell Work- fri aug 29

•Draw and label the layers of the earth•Include all layers of the mantle, crust, and core

Journey to the Center of the Earth•Include these facts in your story•Thickness of the layers•What are the layers made of•Temperature•Pressure•Crust- continental and oceanic•Mantle- lithosphere, asthenosphere, lower mantle•Outer Core•Inner Core

Homework

•Journey to the Center of the Earth story due Tuesday•You will have 20 minutes in class to finish up