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S

The Development of

the European UnionJillian Dowd

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Outline

I. Introduction

II. Importance

III. Development of the EU: from the EC to the EU (50’s to

nowadays)

IV. Conclusion

V. Bibliography

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The European Union

S The European Union is:

S a political and economic union, which includes 28 Europeancountries 

S one of the largest market in the world 

S is founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom,democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for humanrights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities.

These values are common to the Member States in a society inwhich pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice,solidarity and equality between women and men prevail

S has a long stage of formation and development

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Importance

S European Union is one of the most powerful authority in the

world, which concerns all areas of our life. The creation ofEuropean Union was the result of many years cooperation of

countries, which was aimed at prevention war, maintaining

peace and security as well as sustainable development and

prosperity. Political integration was preceded economic

cooperation of the countries, which emerged long before thecreation of the EU. In order to understand better peculiarities,

advantages and disadvantages, as well as perspectives of the

EU it is necessary to know how, when and why it was

established

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The Development of the EU

S The European Coal and Steel Community

S Established in 1951 and was entered into force on 23 July,

1952

S 6 Member Countries

S Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and Luxemburg

S GoalsS Establish a common market

S Economic Expansion

S Raise standards of living

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The Development of the EU

S The European Economic Community

S Treaty of Rome: March, 1957; entered into force 1 January,

1958

S Goals:

S To transform the conditions of trade and manufactured good on

the territory of the communityS To construct a political Europe and take steps to unify Europe.

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The Development of the EU

S European Atom Energy Community (Euratom)

S Treaty of Rome: March, 1957; entered into force 1 January,

1958

S Goals

S to contribute to the formation and development of Europe's

nuclear industriesS to guarantee high safety standards for the public and prevents

nuclear materials intended principally for civilian use from being

diverted to military use.

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The Development of the EU

S European Communities

S Creation of a single institution of the European Communities

S Merger Treaty - Brussels Treaty was signed on 8 April 1965,

entered into force on 1 July 1967

S Single Market establishment and institution reform

S Single European Act was signed on 17 February 1986(Luxembourg)/28 February 1986 (The Hague), entered into

force: 1 July 1987

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The Development of the EU

S European Union

S   Grounds: 

S Treaty on European Union - Maastricht Treaty from 7 February 1992(entered into force: 1 November 1993).

S Treaty of Amsterdam from 2 October 1997 (entered into force: 1 May

1999).

S Treaty of Nice 26 February 2001 (entered into force:1 February

2003).S The Treaty establishing a constitution for Europe 29 October 2004.

S Treaty of Lisbon from 13 December 2007 (entered into force: 1

December 2009).

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The Development of the EU

S European Union

S The Goals of the EU:

1.To promote peace, its values and the well-being of its peoples. 

2.To offer

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The Development of the EU

S Goals of the EU: continued

6. To combat social exclusion and discrimination, and shall promote social justice

and protection, equality between women and men, solidarity between generationsand protection of the rights of the child. 

7. To promote economic, social andterritorial cohesion, and solidarity among Member States. It shall respect its richcultural and linguistic diversity, and shall ensure that Europe’s cultural heritage issafeguarded and enhanced. 8. To establish an economic and monetary unionwhose currency is the euro. 9. To uphold and promote its values and interests andcontribute to the protection of its citizens. 10.To contribute to peace, security, the

sustainable development of the Earth, solidarity and mutual respect among peoples,free and fair trade, eradication of poverty and the protection of human rights, inparticular the rights of the child, as well as to the strict observance and thedevelopment of international law, including respect for the principles of the UnitedNations Charter.

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The Development of the EU

S European Union

S The Three Pillars of the EU:

S 1. The European Communities

S 2. Common foreign and security policy

S 3. Police and judicial cooperation

The three pillars structure of the EU was abolished by the Treaty ofLisbon.

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The Development of the EU

S European Union

S Competences according to the Treaty on the functioning of

the EU:

S 1. Exclusive Competences.

S 2. Shared Competences.

S3. Supporting Competences.

S 4. Special Competences.

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The Development of the EU

S European Union

S Main Principles:

S Principle of Conferral.

S Principle of Subsidiarity.

S Principle of Proportionality.

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Discussion Points

S European Union as a result of economic and political

cooperation of the countries after the World War 2.

S The EU can be as strong as its members let it be! What isthe effect of the EU on its members?

S Balanced competences between EU and member states and

the extent of the powers of the EU and the member states?

S  The ability of the EU to achieve its goals and to solve problems(for example, the Debt Crisis).

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Conclusion

S The European Union consists of 28 members, and sets of political andeconomic entities that have an important influence on regionalorganizations. The goal of the EU is to establish borders, strengtheneconomic and social development, and unify currency to balance aneconomic and social development.

S The EU started off as the European Coal and Steel Community, TheEuropean Economic Community and the European Atomic EnergyCommunity. Those 3 organizations were the part of the EuropeanCommunity after the Merger Treaty in 1967.

S The EC continued to be a part of the EU until 2009 when it was abolishedby the Lisbon treaty

S Nowadays the EU is huge political and economic union with moderninstitutions, working methods through which today's challenges (such asglobalization, climatic and demographic changes, security and energyetc.) can be solved effectively and efficiently.

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Conclusion

S  All powers still remain to the EU member states but not directly

handed to the European Union. The EU has many exclusivecompetences in some areas. The areas that the EU hascompetences in are the areas in which the member statesrarely have renounced any capacity to enact legislation. In theothers areas both the EU and the member states share thecompetence to legislate. Although both can legislate, member

states can only legislate to the extent which the EU has not. Inother areas the EU can only co-ordinate, support andsupplement member state action but can’t enact legislation withthe aim of harmonizing national laws.

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Bibliography

S http://www.ab.gov.tr/files/ardb/evt/1_avrupa_birligi/1_3_antlasmalar/1_3_1_kurucu_antlasmalar/1951_treaty_establishing_ceca.pdf  

S  http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/institutional_affairs/treaties/treaties_ecsc_en.htm 

S http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/institutional_affairs/treaties/treaties_maastricht_en.htm

S http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/institutional_affairs/treaties/lisbon_treaty/ai0020_en.htm 

S http://eurlex.europa.eu/en/treaties/index.htm#other  

S http://www.consilium.europa.eu/contacts/faq?lang=en&faqid=79264 

S http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Communities#Policy_areas 

S  https://www.gov.uk/eu-law-and-the-balance-of-competences-a-short-guide-and-glossary 

S http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/institutional_affairs/treaties/treaties_eec_en.htm 

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S Thank you for your attention. Please feel free to ask any

questions that you may have.