The effect of anthropometry measurement - RK Universityrku.ac.in/spt/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/GROUP-8.pdf · The effect of anthropometry measurement ... ergon mean work and nomoi

The effect of anthropometry measurement

and ergonomic advice mainly reduce neck

pain in computer worker.

Submitted by:

DABHI ZARANA

DAVE CHARMY

12SPTPT11019

12SPTPT11020

6th semester, JUNE-2015

Guided by:

Dr.RAMESH N

Neuro (MPT)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “Title of study the importance of

anthropometry and ergonomics measurement in computer workers has been

undertaken and written under my supervision and it describes the original research

work carried out by Miss Dabhi Zarana & Charmy Dave registered at RK University

in 6th semester Bachelors of Physiotherapy.

Designation:-assistant professor,R.K.University

Signature of Guide

Name:-Dr.Ramesh N

Degree: neuro (MPT)

Designation: Assistant

professor, R.K.University

I

II

DECLARATION

We hereby certify that we are the authors of this project work. We certify to the best of

our knowledge, our project does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any

proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material

from the work of other people included in our project published or otherwise, are fully

acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. We declare that

this is a true copy of our project, including any final revisions, as approved by my

project review committee.

Signature Of candidate:- Signature of candidate:-

Zarana Dabhi Charmy Dave

12sptpt11019 12sptpt11020

Date:-2-6-2015 Date:-2-6-2015

Place:-R.K.University Place:-R.K.University

ACKNOWLEGEMENT

First and foremost I would like to thank my parent Dabhi pravinkumar & Dabhi Indiraben &

Dave Narendranhai &Dave Geetaben who are my living Gods and my brother Nirav &

Paragfor their valuable support and encouragement, blessing and love which has always been

a source of inspiration and strength in accomplishing this academic task.

My heartfelt gratitude to almighty God who has guided me this far and to whom goes

all the honour and glory for the successful completion of this study.

I wish to express my regards to my Director Dr.PrriyanshuRathod School of

Physiotherapy, R.K.University for his whole hearted guidance and meticulous suggestions in

the completion of this work and for all the facilities and support extended to me during this

study. I am extremely thankful for her constant encouragement and inspiration during the

course of this study.

With due respect, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my guide Dr. Ramesh N

Senior lecturer of School of Physiotherapy, R.K.University, for his judicious information,

expert suggestions, valuable guidance, continuous support, incessant reassurance during every

stage of this work and interest shown in this dissertation without which this work would not

have been possible.

I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to assistant lecturer, Dr.Ramesh for their

valuable guidance, constant help and support throughout this study and all the lecturers of my

college who have taught me and gave their valuable suggestions during the course of the study.

My sincere thanks to Dr.Ramesh N for taking keen interest in my study, guiding me

through the path, giving me support and motivation during the course of study.

I wish to express my thanks to Harshal sir our librarian for their timely help in lending me

books and journals for my reference all the time.

I shall fail my duties if I don’t acknowledge my Colleagues and Friends for their

suggestions and criticism while assisting me in this study.

Last but not the least I would like to thanks all the Individuals in my study without whom

this task would not have been possible.

My sincere thanks to all the contributors whose names I might have missed but who

truly deserve my gratitude.

I would like to thank once again to all who have helped me all the while.

Signature:- Signature:-

Name: Zarana Dabhi Name: Charmy Dave

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

1. MEAN

2. SD:-STANDERD DEVIATION

3. VAS:-VISUAL ANALOG SCALE

ABSTRACT

V

BACKGROUND:-Ergonomics derived from Greek word: ergon mean work and

nomoi mean natural law, to create a work that mean the science of work and a

person’s relationship to that work.

Anthropometry means (Greek) anthropos man and metron measure.

Anthropometry refers to measurement of human individual.

The study of the scientific body and its movement, often involving research into

measurement relating to people. It also involves collecting statistics or measurement

relevant to the human body, called Anthropometry Data.

In computer worker neck pain commonly occurs, due to abnormal posture.

AIMS:- To reduce pain in computer workers by using anthropometryergonomics

measurement.

To reduce the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorder by giving ergonomics advice.

METHODOOGY:-Computer workers with informed consent were taken as

subjects. Pain assessment was taken for all the individuals, this Type of

painSite of painOnset of painIntensity of painIntensity of pain was measured

with VAS.Pre VAS for each individual was taken. Then all the subjects

underwent ergonomics advice. Followingmeasurement were also taken:

1. Viewing distance

2. Cervical angle

3. Cervical extension for ROM

1. Viewing distance:-The distance between the eye and the top edge of the computer

screen is measure.

2. Cervical angle:-Angle between the following line is measured:-

a. Line from the eye to the top edge of the screen.

b. Line from the eye to the bottom edge of the screen.

3. ROM of cervical spine:- Extension ROM is measured with goniometry.

After 2 week, VAS measurement for pain was taken.

The result obtained will be compared statistically with Wilcoxon widely test and Mean.

Result:-In result we can analysis that VAS as a pain intensity measure use of mean

and stander deviation is seen that pre and post data of result in graph. The study

shows as follows:

Conclusion:-The data is indicated to that proper distance is needed to maintain for decrease in

neck pain. On the basis of our anthropometry study there is significant result between ergonomic

and computer users.

Key word:-ergonomic, anthropometry measurement, computer worker.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. No. TITLE Page No.

VI

1. INTRODUCTION 11

2. AIMS & OBJECTIVES 16

3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 20

4. METHODOLOGY 22

5. RESULTS 28

6. DISCUSSION 30

7. CONCLUSION 37

8. SUMMARY 40

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY 42

10. ANNEXURES 45

“The effect of anthropometric measurement and ergonomic advice to reduce neck pain in computer users”

INTRODUCTION


INTRODUCTION

Ergonomics is derived from two Greek words: ergon, meaning work, and nomoi, meaning

natural laws, to create a word that means the science of work and a person’s relationship

to that work.

The International Ergonomics Association has adopted this technical definition:

ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the

understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system,s and the

profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize

human well-being and overall system performance.

That is not the most efficient definition of what ergonomics is. Let us keep things simple.

Ergonomics is the science of making things comfy. It also makes things efficient. And

when you think about it,comfy just another way of making things efficient. However for

simplicity, ergonomics makes things comfortable and efficient. (By Mr. Chris Adams)

Anthropometry (from Greek ἄνθρωπος anthropos, "man" and μέτρον metron,

"measure") refers to the measurement of the human individual. An early tool of physical

anthropology, it has been used for identification, for the purposes of understanding human

physical variation, in paleoanthropology and in various attempts to correlate physical with

racial and psychological traits. Anthropometry involves the systematic measurement of

the physical properties of the human body, primarily dimensional descriptors of body size

and shape.[1]

Today, anthropometry plays an important role in industrial design, clothing design,

ergonomics and architecture where statistical data about the distribution of body

dimensions in the population are used to optimize products. Changes in lifestyles,

nutrition, and ethnic composition of populations lead to changes in the distribution of body

dimensions.

1


Ergonomics is the scientific study of people at work. The goal of ergonomics is to reduce

stress and eliminate injuries and disorders associated with the overuse of muscles, bad

posture, and repeated tasks. This is accomplished by designing tasks, work spaces,

controls, displays, tools, lighting, and equipment to fit.

Neck pain is a common complaint. Neck muscles can be strained from poor posture —

whether it's leaning into your computer at work or hunching over your workbench at home.

Wear-and-tear arthritis also is a comm1on cause of neck pain.

Rarely, neck pain can be a symptom of a more serious problem. Seek medical care if

your neck pain is accompanied by numbness or loss of strength in your arms or hands or

if you're experiencing shooting pain into your shoulder or down your arm

There are many causes of lower back pain that we face in our daily lives both at work and

at home. Both men and women are equally at risk to develop some form of lower back

pain in their life, typically between ages 30-60. According to the American Chiropractic

Association up to 80% of the population of the United States will have back pain at some

point in their lives and according to the Global Burden of Disease in 2010 they reported

that low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide.

We need to measure the eye level as well as the knee angle of the subjects for the

study.

2


NEED OF STUDY


NEED OF STUDY

To goal of ergonomics is to reduce stress and eliminate injuries and disorder

associated with overuse of muscle, bad posture and repeated tasks.

3


AIM AND OBJECTIVES


AIM AND OBJECTIVES

To reduce neck and cervical pain.

Other disorder like cervical radiculopathy, back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, leg

pain.

To reduce pain in computer workers by using anthropometry measurement.

To reduce the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorder in computer worker by

giving ergonomic advice.

4


HYPOTHESIS


HYPOTHESIS

Null hypothesis

There is no significance change in VAS of neck pain after correction of ergonomic

advice.

Alternative hypothesis

There is significance change.

5


REVIEW OF LITERATURE



(1)Paula T Hakala ,Lea A saarni ,Raija-Leena Punamaki ,Marjut A Walenius ,clas-

Hakan Nygard and Arja H Rimpela concluded that pain intensity and inconvenience to

everyday life:a cross-sectional study.

(2)Shahla M Eltayeb ,J Bart Staal ,Amar A Hassan ,Salwa S Awad and Rob A de Bie

concluded that complaints of the arm ,neck and shoulder among computer office

workers in sudan:a prevalence study with validation of an Arabic risk factor

questionnaire

. (3) Meenaxi Sharda ,Pankanj Jain,ATUL Gupta(2006) physical factor and functional

characteristics that may explain a sex/gender in work related disorder neck/shoulder

concluded that implication on the understanding personal factor may affect NSMSD risk.

With better understanding, particitioners can make more appropriate decision to prevent

work-related NSMSD (neck/shoulder musculoskeletal disorder).

(4) Pater W Buckle, J Jason Devereux May(2002),applied ergonomic the nature of

work-related neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorder concluded that this condition

result in pain and functional impairment and may affect, beside other the neck hand. It

also affect tendons, ligament, nerves, muscle, circulation and pain are present.

(5) Chantal HP de koning, Sylvia P van den Heuvel, J Bart staal July(1998) clinometric

evaluation of method to measure muscle functioning in patient with non-specific neck

pain: a systematic review concluded that recommend using the muscle endurance for

short neck flexor, that patient instructed to rise their head in a crook-lying position with

of chin tuck by cervical test.

6


METHODOLOGY


METHODOLOGY

Study Design: observational study

Study Setting: Rajkot

Sampling Technique: Observational method

Study Population: male female both

Study Sample: 30 subjects

Study Duration: Training duration –

Total Study duration -10 weeks

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION

INCLUSION CRITERIA

25 to 50 age group

EXCLUSION CRITERIA

1. Neuromuscular disorder

2. Cardiovascular involvement

MATERIALS USED IN THE STUDY

Paper

Pen

Measure tap

Goniometer

7


METHOD


METHOD

Computer workers with informed consent were taken as subjects.

Pain assessment was taken for all the individuals, this:

Type of pain

Site of pain

Onset of pain

Intensity of pain

Intensity of pain was measured with VAS.

Pre VAS for each individual was taken.

Then all the subjects underwent ergonomics advice.

Following measurement were also taken:

1. Viewing distance

2. Cervical angle


1. Viewing distance,

The distance between the eye and the top edge of the computer screen is

measure.

2. Cervical angle,

Angle between the following line is measured:-



3. ROM of cervical spine,

Extension ROM is measured with goniometry.


The result obtained will be compared statistically with Wilcoxon widely test

and Mean.

8


9


RESULT


Result

A total number of 30 patients in this study. The anthropometric measurement of cervical

extension, viewing distance and viewing angle taken from the subjects.

In result we can analysis that VAS as a pain intensity measure use of mean and stander

deviation is seen that pre and post data of result in graph. The study shows as follows:

Table no. 1

Data analysis done by graph prism 5 in windows 8.1.

Table no.2

Mean Standard deviation

Pre 3.7666 1.9137 Post 1.2666 1.3113

There is significant to the computer worker that the decrease in neck pain after

ergonomics advice.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

PRE POST

Axi

s Ti

tle

pre post VAS graph

Series1

Series2SD

MEAN

10


Table 3.

t value P value

12.38 <0.0001

11


DISCUSSION


Discussion

There are articles (16 august 2000) representing importance of anthropometry and

ergonomic in computer workers. The articles contain that if a worker keeps distance of

40-70 cm and angle of 30 chances of neck of pain decrease. If this advice is not

maintain they have chance to occur cervical radiculopathy, forward head posture and

neck pain.it has been shown with the help of VAS scale that after teaching them

ergonomics of keeping proper distance and angle there is decrease in pain.

The pre-post data taken shows that after teaching ergonomics there is decrease in

neck pain. (May 21, 2003) Neck pain has been most common chief complain among

working-aged woman visiting their physicians.1,2 The prevalence of chronic neck pain

has been reported to be 7% in women and 5% in men is seen.4 Excessive physical

strain may cause micro trauma in connective tissue, and psychosocial stress may lead

to increase muscular tension.6 Female experienced more musculoskeletal pain than

males .

This could be due to gender differences as the physical and physiological

characteristics of males and female are different. Males and female differ in their muscle

strength as females tend to have lower muscle strength than males, particularly in the

upper limb musculature as supported by Katzmarzyk et all (1998).

The response to independent questions indicated that adolescents experience a low

level of musculoskeletal pain with little effect on everyday life .On the other hand, our

finding indicate that computer use of 14 or more hours is related to computer associated

pain at all measured anatomical site.

In our study, the pain intensity was lower than that reported in some previous

studies.[18,19,24],but approximately same level as in Finnish follow up study by Saarin

et al. with 88 participants [17].Our result confirm earlier findings, that girls report more

severe pain than do boys.

There is some limitation to the present study. The convince sample of the present study

does not necessarily represent the entire population of that age, although it is unlikely

that this would influence the studied relationship.

The first question measured musculoskeletal pain that children that says attributed to

their computer use. Using two different questions gives more reliable picture and a

wider perspective to the association between musculoskeletal symptoms and computer

use. The question and their VAS category were started in different sections of the

12


questionnaire; computer-associated pain was started in the ICT- section and

musculoskeletal pain in the section concerning health status.

Thus it was left to the respondents to report whether these symptoms were due

specifically to computer use. Being a questionnaire survey, the rate of occurrence of

computer-associated and musculoskeletal symptoms, the pain intensity and

inconvenience of to everyday life based on self-reports, and therefore memory bias is

possible and different between individual interpretations cannot be ruled out [27].

13


LIMITATION OF THE

STUDY


LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The viewing angle is not accurate due to we measure it help of photograph and

measure tape.

Equality of distance measure individuals in patient.

14


FURTHER

RECOMMANDATIONS


FURTHER RECOMMANDATION

There should be large sample size is include.

The study should be including all musculoskeletal disorder which are present in a

computer worker.

15


CONCLUSION


CONCLUSION

The data is indicated to that proper distance is needed to maintain for decrease

in neck pain.

On the basis of our anthropometry study there is significant result between

ergonomic and computer users.

Musculoskeletal symptoms causing moderate pain and inconvenience to

everyday life are common among adolescent computer users .Daily computer

use of 2 hour or more increase the risk for pain at most anatomic sites.

16


SUMMARY


Summary

The anthropometry data for computer user measurement. We measure 3

techniques:

For viewing distance, distance measure from eye to upper edge of computer

screen.

For viewing angle, angle measure from eye to upper n bottom edge of computer

screen.

For cervical extension, use of goniometry measure it.

The material used was pen, paper, goniometry, measure tape.

For decrease musculoskeletal disorder in computer in one of best advantage in

our project.

There seen in graph pre-post result of VAS.

17


BIBLIOGRAPHY


Bibliography

www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/10/324

1. Torsheim T,Eriksson L,Schnohr CH,Hansen F,Bjarnason T,Valimaa R Screen-

based activities and physical complaints among adolescents from the

Nordic countries.

2. Hakala PT,Rimpela AH,Saarni LA,Salminen JJ: Frequent computer-related

activities increase the risk of neck-shoulder and low back pain in

adoloscents.

3. Zapata AL,Moraes AJP,Leone C,Doria-Filho U,Silva CAA:Pain and

musculoskeletal pain syndromes related to computer and video game use

in adoloscents.

4. Smith L,LOUW Q,Crous L,Grimmer-Somers K:Prevalence of neck pain and

heacaches:impact of computer use and other associative factors.

5. Smith L, Louw Q, Crous L, Grimmer-Somers K: Prevalence of neck pain and

headaches: impact of computer use and other associative factors.

6. Astfalck RG, O’Sullivan PB, Straker LM, Smith AJ: A detailed characterization

of pain, disability, physical and psychological features of a small group of

adolescents with non-specific chronic neck pain.

7. Stinson JN, Kavanagh T, Yamada J, Gill N, Stevens B: Systemic review of the

psychological properties, interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain

intensity measure for the use in clinical trials in children and adolescents.

8. Palm P, Hansson Riaberg E, Mortimer M, Palmerud G, Toomingas A, Wiguaeus

Tornqvist E: Computer use, neck and upper extremity symptoms, eyestrain

and headache among female and male upper secondary school students.

9. Tove Ask, Liv Heide Magnussen, Jan Sture Skouen, Anne Skaar, Alice Kvale:

Experiences with a brief functional evaluation for employees with

musculoskeletal disorder as perceived by the employees and their

supervisors.

10. T. Ask, J.S. Skouen, J.Assumus, A. Kvale: Functional evaluation of health

care workers with musculoskeletal disorders on full, partial or not on sick

leave.

11. T.Dragesund, T.Ask, A. Kvale: Self-reporyed and tested function in workers

with musculoskeletal disorders. Difference in function between employees

at work versus on sick leave.

18


ANNEXURES


ANNEXURES 10.1

CONSENT FORM

ETHICAL INFORMED CONSENT FORM

Study title: “EFFECT OF ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT AND

ERGONONIC ADVICE TO REDUCE NECK PAIN IN COMPUTER

USERS”

Subject’s Name:___________________________________________________________

Age : ____________Years Sex:__________

Occupation: ____________________

Address of the Subject______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

I have been explained in details about the various questions/tests that will be asked/performed is

to assess my functional capacity & health status etc. I have also been explained that all the tests

are non-invasive and without any side effect.

I understand that my participation in the study is voluntary and that I am free to withdraw at any

time, without giving any reason, without my medical care or legal right being affected.

I understand that the data obtained through the study may be used for research paper publication

and I also understand that my identity will not be revealed at any cost. I agree to give my consent

for taking my photograph and have no objection against it.

I agree to take part in the above study

Signature of the subject:

Date:

Name of Witness:

Signature of the Witness:

19


Signature of Investigator: Date:

ANNEXURE 10.2

DATA COLLECTION FORM

ASSESSMENT FORM

DATE:- NO.

NAME:-__________________________________________________________

AGE:-__________________GENDER:-_________________

ADDRESS:-

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

_________________________________M:_______________________

CHIEF COMPLAIN:__________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

PAIN HISTORY:

1.SITE:___________________________________________________________

2.TYPE:__________________________________________________________

3.DURETION:_____________________________________________________

4.ONSET:_________________________________________________________

5.AGGRAVATING FACTORS:__________________________________________

6.RELIVING FECTORS:_______________________________________________

7. INTENSITY (VAS)

ERGONOMIC ADVICE:-______________________________________________

20


___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

REMARKS:-_______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

21


Measurement site Unit

Viewing distance

Viewing angle

Cervical extension

22


ANNEXURE 10.3

MEASUREMENT TOOL

Measure tape

Goniometer

Paper-pen

23


ANNEXURE 10.4

SCALES USED IN OUTCOME MEASURES

Name:

Pre VAS:

0_____________________________________________________________10

Post VAS:

0_____________________________________________________________10

I

24


ANNOXURE 10.5

MASTER CHART

Sr.no. Name Age Gender

Viewing distance

Viewing angle Cervical extension VAS

pre post 1 Amit sir 32 Male 75 cm 28 25 7 5

2 Naresh sir 42 Male 60 cm 20 15 2 1

3 Harshal sir 33 Male 75 cm 14 10 7 4

4 Mira mam 27 Female 65 cm 15 22 1 0

5 Jigna mam 28 Female 65 cm 28 18 6 2

6 Dipak sir 30 Male 65 cm 20 10 2 0

7 Pritesh sir 47 Male 50 cm 20 14 3 1

8

Jignahsa mam 38 Female 50 cm 15 12 4 0

9

Zankhana mam 42 Female 65 cm 24 20 5 1

10 Narendra sir 50 Male 45 cm 20 14 4 2

11 Rajesh sir 43 Male 109 cm 34 10 5 2

12 Hardik sir 28 Male 66 cm 20 15 7 2

13 Vishal sir 31 Male 74 cm 30 16 1 0

14 Ajit sir 25 Male 64 cm 25 20 3 1

15 Priyanshu sir 37 Male 81 cm 25 24 2 0

16 Nikhil sir 32 Male 89 cm 32 10 7 3

17

Madhuri mam 24 Female 60 cm 28 25 1 0

18 Jyoti mam 32 Female 73 cm 25 14 4 1


20 Riya mam 27 Female 57 cm 14 10 7 3

21

Manisha mam 27 Female 73 cm 30 20 2 0

22 Kamlesh sir 40 Male 81 cm 25 22 1 0

23 Arvind sir 35 Male 50 cm 35 30 4 1

24 Rudresh sir 26 Male 55 cm 34 28 3 1

25

Khushbu mam 26 Female 64 cm 30 20 4 2

26 Kuldeep sir 32 Male 60 cm 28 24 5 3

27 Nikunj sir 27 Male 79 cm 24 25 3 1

28 Hetal mam 42 Female 70 cm 28 24 2 0

25


29 Bharat sir 40 Male 75 cm 25 14 3 0

30 Prashant sir 26 Male 85 cm 24 20 3 1

26


INTRODUCTION


INTRODUCTION

Ergonomics is derived from two Greek words: ergon, meaning work, and nomoi, meaning

natural laws, to create a word that means the science of work and a person’s relationship

to that work.

The International Ergonomics Association has adopted this technical definition:

ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the

understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system,s and the

profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize

human well-being and overall system performance.

That is not the most efficient definition of what ergonomics is. Let us keep things simple.

Ergonomics is the science of making things comfy. It also makes things efficient. And

when you think about it,comfy just another way of making things efficient. However for

simplicity, ergonomics makes things comfortable and efficient. (By Mr. Chris Adams)

Anthropometry (from Greek ἄνθρωπος anthropos, "man" and μέτρον metron,

"measure") refers to the measurement of the human individual. An early tool of physical

anthropology, it has been used for identification, for the purposes of understanding human

physical variation, in paleoanthropology and in various attempts to correlate physical with

racial and psychological traits. Anthropometry involves the systematic measurement of

the physical properties of the human body, primarily dimensional descriptors of body size

and shape.[1]

Today, anthropometry plays an important role in industrial design, clothing design,

ergonomics and architecture where statistical data about the distribution of body

dimensions in the population are used to optimize products. Changes in lifestyles,

nutrition, and ethnic composition of populations lead to changes in the distribution of body

dimensions.

1


Ergonomics is the scientific study of people at work. The goal of ergonomics is to reduce

stress and eliminate injuries and disorders associated with the overuse of muscles, bad

posture, and repeated tasks. This is accomplished by designing tasks, work spaces,

controls, displays, tools, lighting, and equipment to fit.

Neck pain is a common complaint. Neck muscles can be strained from poor posture —

whether it's leaning into your computer at work or hunching over your workbench at home.

Wear-and-tear arthritis also is a comm1on cause of neck pain.

Rarely, neck pain can be a symptom of a more serious problem. Seek medical care if

your neck pain is accompanied by numbness or loss of strength in your arms or hands or

if you're experiencing shooting pain into your shoulder or down your arm

There are many causes of lower back pain that we face in our daily lives both at work and

at home. Both men and women are equally at risk to develop some form of lower back

pain in their life, typically between ages 30-60. According to the American Chiropractic

Association up to 80% of the population of the United States will have back pain at some

point in their lives and according to the Global Burden of Disease in 2010 they reported

that low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide.

We need to measure the eye level as well as the knee angle of the subjects for the

study.

2


NEED OF STUDY


NEED OF STUDY

To goal of ergonomics is to reduce stress and eliminate injuries and disorder

associated with overuse of muscle, bad posture and repeated tasks.

3


AIM AND OBJECTIVES


AIM AND OBJECTIVES

To reduce neck and cervical pain.

Other disorder like cervical radiculopathy, back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, leg

pain.

To reduce pain in computer workers by using anthropometry measurement.

To reduce the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorder in computer worker by

giving ergonomic advice.

4


HYPOTHESIS


HYPOTHESIS

Null hypothesis

There is no significance change in VAS of neck pain after correction of ergonomic

advice.

Alternative hypothesis

There is significance change.

5





(1)Paula T Hakala ,Lea A saarni ,Raija-Leena Punamaki ,Marjut A Walenius ,clas-

Hakan Nygard and Arja H Rimpela concluded that pain intensity and inconvenience to

everyday life:a cross-sectional study.

(2)Shahla M Eltayeb ,J Bart Staal ,Amar A Hassan ,Salwa S Awad and Rob A de Bie

concluded that complaints of the arm ,neck and shoulder among computer office

workers in sudan:a prevalence study with validation of an Arabic risk factor

questionnaire

. (3) Meenaxi Sharda ,Pankanj Jain,ATUL Gupta(2006) physical factor and functional

characteristics that may explain a sex/gender in work related disorder neck/shoulder

concluded that implication on the understanding personal factor may affect NSMSD risk.

With better understanding, particitioners can make more appropriate decision to prevent

work-related NSMSD (neck/shoulder musculoskeletal disorder).

(4) Pater W Buckle, J Jason Devereux May(2002),applied ergonomic the nature of

work-related neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorder concluded that this condition

result in pain and functional impairment and may affect, beside other the neck hand. It

also affect tendons, ligament, nerves, muscle, circulation and pain are present.

(5) Chantal HP de koning, Sylvia P van den Heuvel, J Bart staal July(1998) clinometric

evaluation of method to measure muscle functioning in patient with non-specific neck

pain: a systematic review concluded that recommend using the muscle endurance for

short neck flexor, that patient instructed to rise their head in a crook-lying position with

of chin tuck by cervical test.

6


METHODOLOGY


METHODOLOGY

Study Design: observational study

Study Setting: Rajkot

Sampling Technique: Observational method

Study Population: male female both

Study Sample: 30 subjects

Study Duration: Training duration –

Total Study duration -10 weeks

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION

INCLUSION CRITERIA

25 to 50 age group

EXCLUSION CRITERIA

1. Neuromuscular disorder

2. Cardiovascular involvement

MATERIALS USED IN THE STUDY

Paper

Pen

Measure tap

Goniometer

7


METHOD


METHOD

Computer workers with informed consent were taken as subjects.

Pain assessment was taken for all the individuals, this:

Type of pain

Site of pain

Onset of pain

Intensity of pain

Intensity of pain was measured with VAS.

Pre VAS for each individual was taken.

Then all the subjects underwent ergonomics advice.

Following measurement were also taken:

1. Viewing distance

2. Cervical angle


1. Viewing distance,

The distance between the eye and the top edge of the computer screen is

measure.

2. Cervical angle,

Angle between the following line is measured:-



3. ROM of cervical spine,

Extension ROM is measured with goniometry.


The result obtained will be compared statistically with Wilcoxon widely test

and Mean.

8


9


RESULT


Result

A total number of 30 patients in this study. The anthropometric measurement of cervical

extension, viewing distance and viewing angle taken from the subjects.

In result we can analysis that VAS as a pain intensity measure use of mean and stander

deviation is seen that pre and post data of result in graph. The study shows as follows:

Table no. 1

Data analysis done by graph prism 5 in windows 8.1.

Table no.2

Mean Standard deviation

Pre 3.7666 1.9137 Post 1.2666 1.3113

There is significant to the computer worker that the decrease in neck pain after

ergonomics advice.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

PRE POST

Axi

s Ti

tle

pre post VAS graph

Series1

Series2SD

MEAN

10


Table 3.

t value P value

12.38 <0.0001

11


DISCUSSION


Discussion

There are articles (16 august 2000) representing importance of anthropometry and

ergonomic in computer workers. The articles contain that if a worker keeps distance of

40-70 cm and angle of 30 chances of neck of pain decrease. If this advice is not

maintain they have chance to occur cervical radiculopathy, forward head posture and

neck pain.it has been shown with the help of VAS scale that after teaching them

ergonomics of keeping proper distance and angle there is decrease in pain.

The pre-post data taken shows that after teaching ergonomics there is decrease in

neck pain. (May 21, 2003) Neck pain has been most common chief complain among

working-aged woman visiting their physicians.1,2 The prevalence of chronic neck pain

has been reported to be 7% in women and 5% in men is seen.4 Excessive physical

strain may cause micro trauma in connective tissue, and psychosocial stress may lead

to increase muscular tension.6 Female experienced more musculoskeletal pain than

males .

This could be due to gender differences as the physical and physiological

characteristics of males and female are different. Males and female differ in their muscle

strength as females tend to have lower muscle strength than males, particularly in the

upper limb musculature as supported by Katzmarzyk et all (1998).

The response to independent questions indicated that adolescents experience a low

level of musculoskeletal pain with little effect on everyday life .On the other hand, our

finding indicate that computer use of 14 or more hours is related to computer associated

pain at all measured anatomical site.

In our study, the pain intensity was lower than that reported in some previous

studies.[18,19,24],but approximately same level as in Finnish follow up study by Saarin

et al. with 88 participants [17].Our result confirm earlier findings, that girls report more

severe pain than do boys.

There is some limitation to the present study. The convince sample of the present study

does not necessarily represent the entire population of that age, although it is unlikely

that this would influence the studied relationship.

The first question measured musculoskeletal pain that children that says attributed to

their computer use. Using two different questions gives more reliable picture and a

wider perspective to the association between musculoskeletal symptoms and computer

use. The question and their VAS category were started in different sections of the

12


questionnaire; computer-associated pain was started in the ICT- section and

musculoskeletal pain in the section concerning health status.

Thus it was left to the respondents to report whether these symptoms were due

specifically to computer use. Being a questionnaire survey, the rate of occurrence of

computer-associated and musculoskeletal symptoms, the pain intensity and

inconvenience of to everyday life based on self-reports, and therefore memory bias is

possible and different between individual interpretations cannot be ruled out [27].

13


LIMITATION OF THE

STUDY


LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The viewing angle is not accurate due to we measure it help of photograph and

measure tape.

Equality of distance measure individuals in patient.

14


FURTHER

RECOMMANDATIONS


FURTHER RECOMMANDATION

There should be large sample size is include.

The study should be including all musculoskeletal disorder which are present in a

computer worker.

15


CONCLUSION


CONCLUSION

The data is indicated to that proper distance is needed to maintain for decrease

in neck pain.

On the basis of our anthropometry study there is significant result between

ergonomic and computer users.

Musculoskeletal symptoms causing moderate pain and inconvenience to

everyday life are common among adolescent computer users .Daily computer

use of 2 hour or more increase the risk for pain at most anatomic sites.

16


SUMMARY


Summary

The anthropometry data for computer user measurement. We measure 3

techniques:

For viewing distance, distance measure from eye to upper edge of computer

screen.

For viewing angle, angle measure from eye to upper n bottom edge of computer

screen.

For cervical extension, use of goniometry measure it.

The material used was pen, paper, goniometry, measure tape.

For decrease musculoskeletal disorder in computer in one of best advantage in

our project.

There seen in graph pre-post result of VAS.

17


BIBLIOGRAPHY


Bibliography

www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/10/324

1. Torsheim T,Eriksson L,Schnohr CH,Hansen F,Bjarnason T,Valimaa R Screen-

based activities and physical complaints among adolescents from the

Nordic countries.

2. Hakala PT,Rimpela AH,Saarni LA,Salminen JJ: Frequent computer-related

activities increase the risk of neck-shoulder and low back pain in

adoloscents.

3. Zapata AL,Moraes AJP,Leone C,Doria-Filho U,Silva CAA:Pain and

musculoskeletal pain syndromes related to computer and video game use

in adoloscents.

4. Smith L,LOUW Q,Crous L,Grimmer-Somers K:Prevalence of neck pain and

heacaches:impact of computer use and other associative factors.

5. Smith L, Louw Q, Crous L, Grimmer-Somers K: Prevalence of neck pain and

headaches: impact of computer use and other associative factors.

6. Astfalck RG, O’Sullivan PB, Straker LM, Smith AJ: A detailed characterization

of pain, disability, physical and psychological features of a small group of

adolescents with non-specific chronic neck pain.

7. Stinson JN, Kavanagh T, Yamada J, Gill N, Stevens B: Systemic review of the

psychological properties, interpretability and feasibility of self-report pain

intensity measure for the use in clinical trials in children and adolescents.

8. Palm P, Hansson Riaberg E, Mortimer M, Palmerud G, Toomingas A, Wiguaeus

Tornqvist E: Computer use, neck and upper extremity symptoms, eyestrain

and headache among female and male upper secondary school students.

9. Tove Ask, Liv Heide Magnussen, Jan Sture Skouen, Anne Skaar, Alice Kvale:

Experiences with a brief functional evaluation for employees with

musculoskeletal disorder as perceived by the employees and their

supervisors.

10. T. Ask, J.S. Skouen, J.Assumus, A. Kvale: Functional evaluation of health

care workers with musculoskeletal disorders on full, partial or not on sick

leave.

11. T.Dragesund, T.Ask, A. Kvale: Self-reporyed and tested function in workers

with musculoskeletal disorders. Difference in function between employees

at work versus on sick leave.

18


ANNEXURES


ANNEXURES 10.1

CONSENT FORM

ETHICAL INFORMED CONSENT FORM

Study title: “EFFECT OF ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT AND

ERGONONIC ADVICE TO REDUCE NECK PAIN IN COMPUTER

USERS”

Subject’s Name:___________________________________________________________

Age : ____________Years Sex:__________

Occupation: ____________________

Address of the Subject______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

I have been explained in details about the various questions/tests that will be asked/performed is

to assess my functional capacity & health status etc. I have also been explained that all the tests

are non-invasive and without any side effect.

I understand that my participation in the study is voluntary and that I am free to withdraw at any

time, without giving any reason, without my medical care or legal right being affected.

I understand that the data obtained through the study may be used for research paper publication

and I also understand that my identity will not be revealed at any cost. I agree to give my consent

for taking my photograph and have no objection against it.

I agree to take part in the above study

Signature of the subject:

Date:

Name of Witness:

Signature of the Witness:

19


Signature of Investigator: Date:

ANNEXURE 10.2

DATA COLLECTION FORM

ASSESSMENT FORM

DATE:- NO.

NAME:-__________________________________________________________

AGE:-__________________GENDER:-_________________

ADDRESS:-

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

_________________________________M:_______________________

CHIEF COMPLAIN:__________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

PAIN HISTORY:

1.SITE:___________________________________________________________

2.TYPE:__________________________________________________________

3.DURETION:_____________________________________________________

4.ONSET:_________________________________________________________

5.AGGRAVATING FACTORS:__________________________________________

6.RELIVING FECTORS:_______________________________________________

7. INTENSITY (VAS)

ERGONOMIC ADVICE:-______________________________________________

20


___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

REMARKS:-_______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

21


Measurement site Unit

Viewing distance

Viewing angle

Cervical extension

22


ANNEXURE 10.3

MEASUREMENT TOOL

Measure tape

Goniometer

Paper-pen

23


ANNEXURE 10.4

SCALES USED IN OUTCOME MEASURES

Name:

Pre VAS:

0_____________________________________________________________10

Post VAS:

0_____________________________________________________________10

I

24


ANNOXURE 10.5

MASTER CHART

Sr.no. Name Age Gender

Viewing distance

Viewing angle Cervical extension VAS

pre post 1 Amit sir 32 Male 75 cm 28 25 7 5

2 Naresh sir 42 Male 60 cm 20 15 2 1

3 Harshal sir 33 Male 75 cm 14 10 7 4

4 Mira mam 27 Female 65 cm 15 22 1 0

5 Jigna mam 28 Female 65 cm 28 18 6 2

6 Dipak sir 30 Male 65 cm 20 10 2 0

7 Pritesh sir 47 Male 50 cm 20 14 3 1

8

Jignahsa mam 38 Female 50 cm 15 12 4 0

9

Zankhana mam 42 Female 65 cm 24 20 5 1

10 Narendra sir 50 Male 45 cm 20 14 4 2


12 Hardik sir 28 Male 66 cm 20 15 7 2

13 Vishal sir 31 Male 74 cm 30 16 1 0

14 Ajit sir 25 Male 64 cm 25 20 3 1

15 Priyanshu sir 37 Male 81 cm 25 24 2 0

16 Nikhil sir 32 Male 89 cm 32 10 7 3

17

Madhuri mam 24 Female 60 cm 28 25 1 0

18 Jyoti mam 32 Female 73 cm 25 14 4 1


20 Riya mam 27 Female 57 cm 14 10 7 3

21

Manisha mam 27 Female 73 cm 30 20 2 0

22 Kamlesh sir 40 Male 81 cm 25 22 1 0

23 Arvind sir 35 Male 50 cm 35 30 4 1

24 Rudresh sir 26 Male 55 cm 34 28 3 1

25

Khushbu mam 26 Female 64 cm 30 20 4 2

26 Kuldeep sir 32 Male 60 cm 28 24 5 3

27 Nikunj sir 27 Male 79 cm 24 25 3 1

28 Hetal mam 42 Female 70 cm 28 24 2 0

25


29 Bharat sir 40 Male 75 cm 25 14 3 0

30 Prashant sir 26 Male 85 cm 24 20 3 1

26

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