The effect of energy and traffic light labelling on parents … · Appendix 16- Level of concern of parents when choosing for their children..... 29 Appendix 17- ... Appendix 19-

1

Booklet 2 of 2

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in

Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics.

The effect of energy and traffic light labelling on parents

purchasing decisions of cereals for their children.

Maria João Madeira da Silva, 702

A Project carried out on Children Consumer Behaviour, with the supervision of:

Professor Luísa Agante

January 2016

2

Table of Contents

Appendix 1- Cover letter present in the questionnaires ..................................................... 6

Appendix 2- Structured questionnaires presented to Control Group .................................. 7

........................................................................................................................................ 8

........................................................................................................................................ 9

...................................................................................................................................... 10

Appendix 3- Structured questionnaires presented to experimental group 1: Reference Intake Labelling System .................................................................................................. 12

...................................................................................................................................... 16

...................................................................................................................................... 17

Appendix 4- Structured questionnaires presented to experimental group 2: Traffic Light Labelling System ............................................................................................................. 18

...................................................................................................................................... 18

Appendix 5- Guide used to create the Traffic Light Labelling system ................................ 24

Source: Food Standard Agency, 2007 .............................................................................. 24

Appendix 6- Sample size per stimulus ............................................................................. 24

Appendix 7- Parents’ degree of kinship per stimulus ....................................................... 24

Appendix 8- Parents’ mean age per stimulus ................................................................... 25

Appendix 9- Parents’ educational group per stimulus...................................................... 25

Appendix 10- Graph of parents’ educational group ......................................................... 26

Appendix 11- Graph of parents’ educational level ........................................................... 26

Appendix 12- Graph: How often children eat cereal like Estrelitas per week? .................. 27

Appendix 13- Graph: How often children eat cereal like Chocapic per week? .................. 27

Appendix 14- Graph: How often children eat cereal like Corn Flakes per week? ............... 28

Appendix 15- Graph: How often children eat cereal like other type of cereals per week? 28

Appendix 16- Level of concern of parents when choosing for their children ..................... 29

Appendix 17- Level of concern of parents with the amount of sugar in their children’s food ...................................................................................................................................... 29

Appendix 18- Correlation between level of concern with food and level of concern with sugar .............................................................................................................................. 30

Appendix 19- Parents beliefs regarding their children eating habits ................................ 30

Appendix 20 – How often parents read the nutritional information when buying cereals for children .................................................................................................................... 31

Appendix 21- Mean score for how frequent parents’ read the nutritional information when buying cereals for their children ............................................................................ 31

3

Appendix 22- T-test results for reading nutritional information when buying cereals for their children .................................................................................................................. 31

Appendix 23- How often parents observe the levels of sugar when buying cereals for their children .......................................................................................................................... 32

Appendix 24- Mean score for how frequent parents observe the levels of sugar when buying cereals for their children ..................................................................................... 32

Appendix 25- T-test results for reading nutritional information when buying cereals for their children .................................................................................................................. 32

Appendix 26- How often parents use the nutritional information when choosing cereals for their children ............................................................................................................ 33

Appendix 27- Mean score for how frequent parents use the nutritional information when choosing cereals for their children .................................................................................. 33

Appendix 28- T-test results for using the nutritional information when choosing cereals for their children .................................................................................................................. 33

Appendix 29- Correlation between parents who are concern with choosing healthy food for their children and parents who read the nutritional information ............................... 34

Appendix 30- Correlation between parents who are concern with the levels of sugar of their children and parents who observe the levels of sugar when buying cereals for their children .......................................................................................................................... 34

Appendix 31- Correlation between parents who are concern with choosing healthy food for their children and parents who use the information when buying cereals for their children .......................................................................................................................... 35

Appendix 32- Parents’ opinion regarding the difficulty in understanding the nutritional information usually present in their child’s breakfast cereals .......................................... 35

Appendix 33- Parents’ opinion regarding the clarity when observing the nutritional information usually present in their child’s breakfast cereals .......................................... 36

Appendix 34- Parents’ opinion regarding the difficulty in understanding the RI label present in the cereal’s menu........................................................................................... 36

Appendix 35- Parents’ opinion regarding the clarity when observing the RI label present in the cereal’s menu ........................................................................................................... 37

Appendix 36- Parents’ opinion regarding the difficulty in understanding the traffic light label present in the cereal’s menu .................................................................................. 37

Appendix 37- Parents’ opinion regarding the clarity when observing the traffic light label present in the cereal’s menu........................................................................................... 38

Appendix 38- Parents opinion regarding the healthy level of energetic value that should be present in cereals ...................................................................................................... 38

Appendix 39- Parents opinion regarding the healthy level of carbon hydrates that should be present in cereals ...................................................................................................... 38

Appendix 40- Parents opinion regarding the healthy level of Saturated fat that should be present in cereals ........................................................................................................... 39

4

Appendix 41- Parents opinion regarding the healthy level of Fiber that should be present in cereals ........................................................................................................................ 39

Appendix 42- Parents opinion regarding the healthy level of Salt that should be present in cereals ........................................................................................................................... 39

Appendix 43- Number of right answers about the healthy level of ingredients that should be present in cereals. ..................................................................................................... 40

Appendix 44- Mean of the average parent’s right answers about the healthy level of ingredients that should be present in cereals .................................................................. 40

Appendix 45- Parents menu choice per stimulus ............................................................. 40

Appendix 46- Cross tabulation -: Parents perceived healthiness of their choice*nutritional labelling system: Between Reference Intake and Traffic Light Labelling Systems ............. 41

Appendix 47- Chi-square test between parents perceived healthiness of their choice and the nutritional labelling system: Between Reference Intake and Traffic Light Labelling Systems .......................................................................................................................... 41

Appendix 48- Cross tabulation - Parents perceived healthiness of their choice*nutritional labelling system: Between Traffic Light Labelling System and Control Group ................... 42

Appendix 49- Chi-square test between parents perceived healthiness of their choice and the nutritional labelling system: Between Traffic Light Labeling System and Control Group ...................................................................................................................................... 42

Appendix 50- Cross tabulation - Parents perceived healthiness of their choice*nutritional labelling system: Between Reference Intake Labelling and Control Group ....................... 43

Appendix 51- Chi-square test between parents perceived healthiness of their choice and the nutritional labelling system: Between Reference Intake Labelling and Control Group43

Appendix 52- Cross tabulation: Parents’ purchase intention *nutritional labelling system: Between Reference Intake and Traffic Light Labelling Systems ........................................ 44

Appendix 53- Chi-square test between parents’ purchase intention and the nutritional labelling system: Between Reference Intake and Traffic Light Labelling Systems............. 44

Appendix 54- Cross tabulation: Parents’ purchase intention *nutritional labelling system: Between Traffic Light Labelling System and Control Group .............................................. 45

Appendix 55- Chi-square test between parents’ purchase intention and the nutritional labelling system: Traffic light and Control ....................................................................... 45

Appendix 56- Cross tabulation: Parents’ purchase intention *nutritional labelling system: Between Reference Intake Labelling System and Control Group ...................................... 46

Appendix 57- Chi-square test between parents’ purchase intention and the nutritional labelling system: Between Reference Intake Labelling System and Control Group .......... 46

Appendix 58- Mean of the importance given by parents to several attributes when making the purchasing decision .................................................................................................. 47

Appendix 59- Cross tabulation: Importance of children's preference when choosing the cereal from the menu * Did parents made the right classification? For the Reference Intake Labelling System .................................................................................................. 48

5

Appendix 60- Chi-square test between Importance of children's preference when choosing the cereal from the menu and Did parents made the right classification? For the Reference Intake Labelling System .................................................................................................. 48

Appendix 61- Cross tabulation: Importance of children's preference when choosing the cereal from the menu * Did parents made the right classification? For the Traffic Light Labelling System ............................................................................................................. 49

Appendix 62- Chi-square test between Importance of children's preference when choosing the cereal from the menu and Did parents made the right classification? For the Traffic Light Labelling System .................................................................................................... 49

Appendix 63- Cross tabulation: Importance of children's preference when choosing the cereal from the menu * Did parents made the right classification For the Control group . 50

Appendix 64- Chi-square test between Importance of children's preference when choosing the cereal from the menu and Did parents made the right classification? For the Control Group ............................................................................................................................. 50

Appendix 65- Cross tabulation: Classification of parents’ choice * Parents' Educational Group. For the Reference Intake Labelling System .......................................................... 51

Appendix 66- Chi-square test between Classification of parents’ choice * Parents' Educational Group. For the Reference Intake Labelling System ....................................... 51

Appendix 67- Cross tabulation: Classification of parents’ choice * Parents' Educational Group. For the Traffic Light labelling System ................................................................... 52

Appendix 68- Chi-square test between Classification of parents’ choice * Parents' Educational Group. For the Traffic Light Labelling System ............................................... 52

Appendix 69- Cross tabulation: Classification of parents’ choice * Parents' Educational Group. For the control group .......................................................................................... 53

Appendix 70- Chi-square test between Classification of parents’ choice * Parents' Educational Group. For the control group ....................................................................... 53

Appendix 71- Cross tabulation: Did parents made the right classification? * Parents' Educational Group. For the Reference Intake Labelling System ....................................... 54

Appendix 72- Chi-square test between Did parents made the right classification? * Parents' Educational Group. For the Reference Intake Labelling System .......................... 54

Appendix 73- Cross tabulation: Did parents made the right classification? * Parents' Educational Group. For the Traffic Light Labelling System ............................................... 55

Appendix 74- Chi-square test between Did parents made the right classification? * Parents' Educational Group. For the Traffic Light Labelling System .................................. 55

Appendix 75- Cross tabulation: Did parents made the right classification? * Parents' Educational Group. For the control group ....................................................................... 56

Appendix 76 - Chi-square test between Did parents made the right classification? * Parents' Educational Group. For the control group .......................................................... 56

6

Appendix 1- Cover letter present in the questionnaires

7

Appendix 2- Structured questionnaires presented to Control Group

8

9

10

11

12

Appendix 3- Structured questionnaires presented to experimental group 1:

Reference Intake Labelling System

13

14

15

16

17

18

Appendix 4- Structured questionnaires presented to experimental group 2:

Traffic Light Labelling System

19

20

21

22

23

24

Appendix 5- Guide used to create the Traffic Light Labelling system

Text LOW MEDIUM HIGH

Color code Green Amber Red

Fat 3g/100g > 3g to 20g/100g > 20/100g

Saturates 1.5g/100g > 1.5g to 5g/100g > 5/100g

(Total) Sugars 5g/100g > 5g to 15g/100g > 15/100g

Salt 0.3g/100g > 0.3g to 1.5g/100g > 1.5/100g

Source: Food Standard Agency, 2007

Appendix 6- Sample size per stimulus

Stimulus Frequency Percent

Reference Intake Label 50 37

Traffic Light Label 47 34.8

Control 38 28.1

Total 135 100

Appendix 7- Parents’ degree of kinship per stimulus

Stimulus Degree of Kinship Frequency Percent

Reference Intake

Label

Mother

Father

Other

37

11

2

74%

22%

4%

Traffic Light Label

Mother

Father

Other

38

9

0

80.9%

19.1%

0%

Control

Mother

Father

Other

32

6

0

84.2%

15.8%

0%

Total

Mother

Father

Other

107

26

2

79.3%

19.3%

1.5%

25

Appendix 8- Parents’ mean age per stimulus

Stimulus Mean age of parents

Reference Intake Label 38.82

Traffic Light Label 39.34

Control 38

Total 39.11

Appendix 9- Parents’ educational group per stimulus

Stimulus Education Frequency Percent

Reference Intake Label

Without higher education With higher education

32 18

64% 36%

Traffic Light Label Without higher education With higher education

25 22

53.2% 46.8%

Control Without higher education With higher education

27 11

71.1% 28.9%

Total Without higher education With higher education

84 51

62.2% 37.8%

26

Appendix 10- Graph of parents’ educational group

Appendix 11- Graph of parents’ educational level

37.8% 62.2%

3.7% 5.2%

28.1% 25.2%

33.3%

4.4%

27

Appendix 12- Graph: How often children eat cereal like Estrelitas per week?

Appendix 13- Graph: How often children eat cereal like Chocapic per week?

45.2%

27.4%

13.3%

5.9 % 8.1%

48.1%

29.6%

14.6%

3 % 4.4%

28

Appendix 14- Graph: How often children eat cereal like Corn Flakes per

week?

Appendix 15- Graph: How often children eat cereal like other type of cereals

per week?

83 %

11.9%

1.5% 3.7%

70.4% %

16.3% %

5.9% 5.2 % 2.2 %

29

Appendix 16- Level of concern of parents when choosing for their children

Level of concern of parents when choosing food for their children

Frequency Percent Valid

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Not very

concerned

4 3.0 3.0 3.0

A little concern 1 .7 .7 3.7

Concerned 69 51.1 51.1 54.8

Very

Concerned

61 45.2 45.2 100.0

Total 135 100.0 100.0

Appendix 17- Level of concern of parents with the amount of sugar in their

children’s food Level of concern of parents with the amount of sugar in their children’s food


Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Not very

concerned

3 2.2 2.2 2.2

A little concern 2 1.5 1.5 3.7

Concerned 71 52.6 52.6 56.3

Very

Concerned

59 43.7 43.7 100.0

Total 135 100.0 100.0

30

Appendix 18- Correlation between level of concern with food and level of

concern with sugar

Appendix 19- Parents beliefs regarding their children eating habits

My child has healthy eating habits


Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Disagree 7 5.2 5.2 5.2

Neither agree

nor disagree

21 15.6 15.6 20.7

Agree 85 63.0 63.0 83.7

Strongly Agree 22 16.3 16.3 100.0

Total 135 100.0 100.0

Correlations

Level of concern of

parents when

choosing food for

their children

Level of concern of

parents with the

amount of sugar in

their children’s food

Level of concern of

parents when choosing

food for their children

Pearson

Correlation

1 .723**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000

N 135 135

Level of concern of

parents with the amount

of sugar in their

children’s food

Pearson

Correlation

.723**

1


N 135 135

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

31

Appendix 20 – How often parents read the nutritional information when buying

cereals for children

How often parents read the nutritional information when buying



Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Val

id

Never 14 10.4 10.4 10.4

Rarely 26 19.3 19.3 29.6

Sometim

es

49 36.3 36.3 65.9

Often 29 21.5 21.5 87.4

Always 17 12.6 12.6 100.0

Total 135 100.0 100.0

Appendix 21- Mean score for how frequent parents’ read the nutritional

information when buying cereals for their children

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std.

Deviation

Std. Error Mean

How often parents read the

nutritional information when

buying cereals for children

135 3.07 1.154 .099

Appendix 22- T-test results for reading nutritional information when buying

cereals for their children

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 1

t df Sig. (2-

tailed)

Mean

Difference

95% Confidence Interval of

the Difference

Lower Upper

How often parents

read the nutritional

information when

buying cereals for

children

20.811 134 .000 2.067 1.87 2.26

32

Appendix 23- How often parents observe the levels of sugar when buying


Level of concern of parents with the amount of sugar in their children’s

food

Frequency Percen

t

Valid

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Val

id

Not very

concerned

3 2.2 2.2 2.2

A little concern 2 1.5 1.5 3.7

Concerned 71 52.6 52.6 56.3

Very

Concerned

59 43.7 43.7 100.0

Total 135 100.0 100.0

Appendix 24- Mean score for how frequent parents observe the levels of sugar

when buying cereals for their children


N Mean Std.

Deviation

Std. Error

Mean

How often parents

observe the level of sugar

when buying cereals for

children

135 3.08 1.216 .105

Appendix 25- T-test results for reading nutritional information when buying


One-Sample Test

Test Value = 1

t df Sig. (2-

tailed)

Mean

Difference


the Difference

Lower Upper

How often parents

observe the level of

sugar when buying


19.890 134 .000 2.081 1.87 2.29

33

Appendix 26- How often parents use the nutritional information when choosing


How often parents read the nutritional information when buying cereals for

children

Frequen

cy

Percen

t

Valid

Percent

Cumulative Percent

Val

id

Never 14 10.4 10.4 10.4

Rarely 26 19.3 19.3 29.6

Sometim

es

49 36.3 36.3 65.9

Often 29 21.5 21.5 87.4

Always 17 12.6 12.6 100.0

Total 135 100.0 100.0

Appendix 27- Mean score for how frequent parents use the nutritional

information when choosing cereals for their children


N Mean Std.

Deviation

Std. Error

Mean

How often parents use the

nutritional information

when choosing cereals for

children

135 2.90 1.132 .097

Appendix 28- T-test results for using the nutritional information when

choosing cereals for their children

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 1

t df Sig. (2-

tailed)

Mean

Difference


the Difference

Lower Upper

How often parents use

the nutritional

information when

choosing cereals for

children

19.538 134 .000 1.904 1.71 2.10

34

Appendix 29- Correlation between parents who are concern with choosing

healthy food for their children and parents who read the nutritional information

Correlation

Level of concern of

parents when

choosing food for

their children

How often parents read the


when buying cereals for

children

Level of concern of



Pearson

Correlation

1 .359**


N 135 135

How often parents read

the nutritional

information when

buying cereals for

children

Pearson

Correlation

.359**

1


N 135 135


Appendix 30- Correlation between parents who are concern with the levels of

sugar of their children and parents who observe the levels of sugar when buying


Correlations

Level of concern of

parents with the amount

of sugar in their

children’s food

How often parents


sugar when buying


Level of concern of

parents with the

amount of sugar in

their children’s food

Pearson

Correlation

1 .386**


N 135 135

How often parents


sugar when buying


Pearson

Correlation

.386**

1


N 135 135


35

Appendix 31- Correlation between parents who are concern with choosing

healthy food for their children and parents who use the information when

buying cereals for their children

Correlations

Level of concern of

parents when

choosing food for

their children

How often parents use the


when choosing cereals for

children

Level of concern of



Pearson

Correlation

1 .351**


N 135 135

How often parents use

the nutritional

information when

choosing cereals for

children

Pearson

Correlation

.351**

1


N 135 135


Appendix 32- Parents’ opinion regarding the difficulty in understanding the

nutritional information usually present in their child’s breakfast cereals

The nutritional information usually present in your child’s breakfast

cereals is difficult to understand a

Frequency Percent

Valid Strongly disagree 1 2.6

Disagree 14 36.8

Neither agree nor disagree 13 34.2

Agree 8 21.1

Extremely agree 2 5.3

Total 38 100.0

a. group = No label

36

Appendix 33- Parents’ opinion regarding the clarity when observing the

nutritional information usually present in their child’s breakfast cereals


RI label present in the cereal’s menu

The nutritional information present in the menu was difficult to understand a

Frequency Percent


Disagree 15 30.0

Neither agree nor

disagree

13 26.0

Agree 11 22.0


Total 50 100.0

a. group = RI

The nutritional information present in the menu was confusing a

Frequency Percent


Disagree 13 34.2

Neither agree nor

disagree

12 31.6

Agree 9 23.7


Total 38 100.0

a. group = No label

37

Appendix 35- Parents’ opinion regarding the clarity when observing the RI

label present in the cereal’s menu


Frequency Percent


Disagree 16 32.0


Agree 14 28.0


Total 50 100.0

a. group = RI


traffic light label present in the cereal’s menu

The nutritional information present in the menu was difficult to understand a

Frequency Percent


Disagree 13 27.7


Agree 14 29.8


Total 47 100.0

a. group = traffic light

38

Appendix 37- Parents’ opinion regarding the clarity when observing the

traffic light label present in the cereal’s menu

Appendix 38- Parents opinion regarding the healthy level of energetic value

that should be present in cereals

Appendix 39- Parents opinion regarding the healthy level of carbon hydrates

that should be present in cereals

Healthy level of carbon hydrates that should be present in cereals


Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Low level 90 66.7 66.7 66.7

Medium

level

40 29.6 29.6 96.3

High level 5 3.7 3.7 100.0

Total 135 100.0 100.0


Frequency Percent


Disagree 11 23.4

Neither agree nor

disagree

12 25.5

Agree 13 27.7


Total 47 100.0

a. group = Traffic light

Healthy level of energetic value that should be present in cereals


Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Low level 19 14.1 14.1 14.1

Medium

level

63 46.7 46.7 60.7

High level 53 39.3 39.3 100.0

Total 135 100.0 100.0

39

Appendix 40- Parents opinion regarding the healthy level of Saturated fat that

should be present in cereals

Appendix 41- Parents opinion regarding the healthy level of Fiber that should

be present in cereals

Healthy level of Fiber that should be present in cereals


Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Low level 6 4.4 4.4 4.4

Medium

level

57 42.2 42.2 46.7

High

level

72 53.3 53.3 100.0

Total 135 100.0 100.0

Appendix 42- Parents opinion regarding the healthy level of Salt that should

be present in cereals

Healthy level of Salt that should be present in cereals

Frequenc

y

Percent Valid

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Low level 110 81.5 81.5 81.5

Medium

level

23 17.0 17.0 98.5

High level 2 1.5 1.5 100.0

Total 135 100.0 100.0

Healthy level of Saturated fat that should be present in cereals

Frequency Perce

nt

Valid

Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Low level 80 59.3 59.3 59.3

Medium

level

48 35.6 35.6 94.8

High level 7 5.2 5.2 100.0

Total 135 100.0 100.0

40

Appendix 43- Number of right answers about the healthy level of ingredients

that should be present in cereals.

Number of parent’s right answers


Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Right Answers 0 5 3.7 3.7 3.7

1 10 7.4 7.4 11.1

2 12 8.9 8.9 20.0

3 35 25.9 25.9 45.9

4 37 27.4 27.4 73.3

5 30 22.2 22.2 95.6

6 6 4.4 4.4 100.0

Total 135 100.0 100.0

Appendix 44- Mean of the average parent’s right answers about the healthy

level of ingredients that should be present in cereals.

Appendix 45- Parents menu choice per stimulus

Reference

Intake

Traffic

Light

Control group

Valid Estrelitas 16 17 17

Corn Flakes 9 9 4

Chocapic 12 14 7

All Bran

Original

3 1 1

Fitness 2 3 6

Frosties 1 1 0

Nesquik 4 0 2

Fibre 1 2 2 1

Total 50 47 38

Mean of parents’ right answers

N Valid 135

Missing 0

Mean 3.50

41

Appendix 46- Cross tabulation -: Parents perceived healthiness of their

choice*nutritional labelling system: Between Reference Intake and Traffic Light

Labelling Systems

Appendix 47- Chi-square test between parents perceived healthiness of their

choice and the nutritional labelling system: Between Reference Intake and

Traffic Light Labelling Systems

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)

Pearson Chi-

Square

5.508a 1 .019

Continuity

Correctionb

4.595 1 .032

Likelihood

Ratio

5.564 1 .018

Fisher's Exact

Test

.025 .016

Linear-by-

Linear

Association

5.451 1 .020

N of Valid

Cases

97

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is

22.77.

b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Group * Did parents made the right classification?

Did parents made the right

classification?

Total

Correct

Classification

Wrong

Classification

group RI Count 20 30 50

% of

Total

20.6% 30.9% 51.5%

Traffic

light

Count 30 17 47

% of

Total

30.9% 17.5% 48.5%

Total Count 50 47 97

% of

Total

51.5% 48.5% 100.0%

42

Appendix 48- Cross tabulation - Parents perceived healthiness of their

choice*nutritional labelling system: Between Traffic Light Labelling System

and Control Group

Group * Did parents made the right classification? Cross tabulation


classification?

Total

Correct

choice

Wrong

Choice

Group Traffic

light

Count 30 17 47

% of

Total

35.3% 20.0% 55.3%

No label Count 14 24 38

% of

Total

16.5% 28.2% 44.7%


% of

Total

51.8% 48.2% 100.0%


choice and the nutritional labelling system: Between Traffic Light Labeling

System and Control Group

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp.

Sig. (2-

sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig. (1-

sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 6.129a 1 .013

Continuity Correctionb 5.096 1 .024

Likelihood Ratio 6.200 1 .013

Fisher's Exact Test .017 .012

Linear-by-Linear

Association

6.057 1 .014

N of Valid Cases 85

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 18.33.


43

Appendix 50- Cross tabulation - Parents perceived healthiness of their

choice*nutritional labelling system: Between Reference Intake Labelling and

Control Group


choice and the nutritional labelling system: Between Reference Intake

Labelling and Control Group

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp.

Sig. (2-

sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square .091a 1 .763

Continuity Correctionb .006 1 .936

Likelihood Ratio .091 1 .763


Linear-by-Linear

Association

.090 1 .764

N of Valid Cases 88



Group * Did parents made the right classification? Cross tabulation


classification?

Total

Correct

choice

Wrong

Choice

Group RI Count 20 30 50

% of

Total

22.7% 34.1% 56.8%

No

label

Count 14 24 38

% of

Total

15.9% 27.3% 43.2%


% of

Total

38.6% 61.4% 100.0%

44

Appendix 52- Cross tabulation: Parents’ purchase intention *nutritional

labelling system: Between Reference Intake and Traffic Light Labelling Systems

Appendix 53- Chi-square test between parents’ purchase intention and the

nutritional labelling system: Between Reference Intake and Traffic Light

Labelling Systems

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-

Square

1.006a 2 .605

Likelihood

Ratio

1.051 2 .591

Linear-by-

Linear

Association

.041 1 .839

N of Valid

Cases

97

a. 2 cells (33.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

expected count is 1.94.

Group * Classification of parents choice Cross tabulation

Classification of parents choice Total

unhealthy ok

choice

healthy

Group RI Count 34 3 13 50

% of

Total

35.1% 3.1% 13.4% 51.5%

Traffic

light

Count 32 1 14 47

% of

Total

33.0% 1.0% 14.4% 48.5%

Total Count 66 4 27 97

% of

Total

68.0% 4.1% 27.8% 100.0%

45


labelling system: Between Traffic Light Labelling System and Control Group



unhealthy ok

choice

healthy

Group Traffic

light

Count 32 1 14 47

% of

Total

37.6% 1.2% 16.5% 55.3%

No label Count 26 1 11 38

% of

Total

30.6% 1.2% 12.9% 44.7%


% of

Total

68.2% 2.4% 29.4% 100.0%


nutritional labelling system: Traffic light and Control

Chi-Square Tests




Linear-by-Linear

Association

.003 1 .953

N of Valid Cases 85

a. 2 cells (33.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count

is .89.

46


labelling system: Between Reference Intake Labelling System and Control

Group



unhealthy ok

choice

healthy

Group RI Count 34 3 13 50

% of

Total

38.6% 3.4% 14.8% 56.8%

No

label

Count 26 1 11 38

% of

Total

29.5% 1.1% 12.5% 43.2%


% of

Total

68.2% 4.5% 27.3% 100.0%


nutritional labelling system: Between Reference Intake Labelling System and

Control Group

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)



Linear-by-Linear

Association

.017 1 .895

N of Valid Cases 88



47

Appendix 58- Mean of the importance given by parents to several attributes

when making the purchasing decision

Group Importance

of

children's

preference

when

choosing

the cereal

from the

menu

Importance

of the

nutritional

value when

choosing

the cereal

from the

menu

Importance

of sugar

level when

choosing

the cereal

from the

menu

Importance

of taste

when

choosing

the cereal

from the

menu

Importance

of

packaging

when

choosing

the cereal

from the

menu

RI N Valid 50 50 50 50 50

Mean 3.92 3.52 3.46 3.80 1.74

Traffi

c light

N Valid 47 47 47 47 47

Mean 4.23 3.38 3.64 3.96 1.77

No

label

N Valid 38 38 38 38 38

Mean 3.82 3.92 4.00 3.76 1.71

48

Appendix 59- Cross tabulation: Importance of children's preference when

choosing the cereal from the menu * Did parents made the right classification?

For the Reference Intake Labelling System Classification of parents choice * Importance of children's preference when choosing the cereal

from the menu Cross tabulation

Importance of children's preference when choosing

the cereal from the menu

Total

Not

important

at all

Important Very

Important

Extremely

important

Classification

of parents

choice

unhealthy Count 1 8 6 19 34

% of

Total

2.0% 16.0% 12.0% 38.0% 68.0%

ok choice Count 0 1 1 1 3

% of

Total

0.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 6.0%

healthy Count 1 10 1 1 13

% of

Total

2.0% 20.0% 2.0% 2.0% 26.0%

Total Count 2 19 8 21 50

% of

Total

4.0% 38.0% 16.0% 42.0% 100.0

%

Appendix 60- Chi-square test between Importance of children's preference

when choosing the cereal from the menu and Did parents made the right

classification? For the Reference Intake Labelling System

Chi-Square Tests


(2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 14.171a

6 .028


Linear-by-Linear

Association

10.458 1 .001

N of Valid Cases 50

a. 8 cells (66.7%) have expected count less than 5. The

minimum expected count is .12.

49


choosing the cereal from the menu * Did parents made the right classification?

For the Traffic Light Labelling System



classification? For the Traffic Light Labelling System

Chi-Square Tests


sided)

Pearson Chi-

Square

9.081a 6 .169


Linear-by-Linear

Association

.667 1 .414

N of Valid Cases 47


expected count is .04.

Classification of parents choice * Importance of children's preference when choosing the cereal from the

menu Cross tabulation

Classification of parents choice

Importance of children's preference when choosing the

cereal from the menu

Total

Less

important

Important Very

Important

Extremely

important

unhealthy Count 0 8 6 18 32

% of Total 0.0% 17.0% 12.8% 38.3% 68.1%

ok choice Count 0 0 1 0 1

% of Total 0.0% 0.0% 2.1% 0.0% 2.1%

healthy Count 2 2 3 7 14

% of Total 4.3% 4.3% 6.4% 14.9% 29.8%

Total Count 2 10 10 25 47

% of Total 4.3% 21.3% 21.3% 53.2% 100.0%

50


choosing the cereal from the menu * Did parents made the right classification

For the Control group

Classification of parents choice * Importance of children's preference when choosing the cereal from

the menu Cross tabulation

Importance of children's preference when

choosing the cereal from the menu

Total

Important Very

Important

Extremely

important

Classification of

parents choice

unhealthy Count 15 5 6 26

% of

Total

39.5% 13.2% 15.8% 68.4%

ok choice Count 0 0 1 1

% of

Total

0.0% 0.0% 2.6% 2.6%

healthy Count 3 4 4 11

% of

Total

7.9% 10.5% 10.5% 28.9%


% of

Total

47.4% 23.7% 28.9% 100.0%



classification? For the Control Group

Chi-Square Tests


(2-sided)



Linear-by-Linear

Association

2.250 1 .134

N of Valid Cases 38

a. 5 cells (55.6%) have expected count less than 5. The

minimum expected count is .24.

51

Appendix 65- Cross tabulation: Classification of parents’ choice * Parents'

Educational Group. For the Reference Intake Labelling System

Classification of parents choice * Parents' Educational Group Cross tabulation

Parents' Educational Group Total

Without

higher

education

With higher

education

Classification of

parents choice

unhealthy Count 23 11 34

% of

Total

46.0% 22.0% 68.0%

ok choice Count 2 1 3

% of

Total

4.0% 2.0% 6.0%

healthy Count 7 6 13

% of

Total

14.0% 12.0% 26.0%


% of

Total

64.0% 36.0% 100.0

%

Appendix 66- Chi-square test between Classification of parents’ choice *

Parents' Educational Group. For the Reference Intake Labelling System

Chi-Square Tests


Pearson Chi-

Square

.787a 2 .675

Likelihood

Ratio

.772 2 .680

Linear-by-

Linear

Association

.730 1 .393

N of Valid

Cases

50



52


Educational Group. For the Traffic Light labelling System



Without

higher

education

With higher

education

Classification of

parents choice


% of

Total

44.7% 23.4% 68.1%


% of

Total

2.1% 0.0% 2.1%


% of

Total

6.4% 23.4% 29.8%


% of

Total

53.2% 46.8% 100.0%


Parents' Educational Group. For the Traffic Light Labelling System

Chi-Square Tests


Pearson Chi-

Square

8.540a 2 .014


Linear-by-Linear

Association

7.136 1 .008

N of Valid Cases 47



53


Educational Group. For the control group



Without

higher

education

With higher

education

Classification of

parents choice


% of

Total

55.3% 13.2% 68.4%


% of

Total

0.0% 2.6% 2.6%


% of

Total

15.8% 13.2% 28.9%


% of

Total

71.1% 28.9% 100.0

%


Parents' Educational Group. For the control group

Chi-Square Tests


sided)



Linear-by-Linear

Association

2.872 1 .090

N of Valid Cases 38



54

Appendix 71- Cross tabulation: Did parents made the right classification? *

Parents' Educational Group. For the Reference Intake Labelling System

Did parents make the right classification? * Parents' Educational Group Cross

tabulation


Without

higher

education

With higher

education

Did parents

make the right

classification?

Correct

choice

Count 10 10 20

% of

Total

20.0% 20.0% 40.0%

Wrong

Choice

Count 22 8 30

% of

Total

44.0% 16.0% 60.0%


% of

Total

64.0% 36.0% 100.0

%

Appendix 72- Chi-square test between Did parents made the right

classification? * Parents' Educational Group. For the Reference Intake

Labelling System

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp.

Sig. (2-

sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)


Continuity

Correctionb

1.913 1 .167



Linear-by-Linear

Association

2.779 1 .096

N of Valid Cases 50



55


Parents' Educational Group. For the Traffic Light Labelling System

Did parents make the right classification? * Parents' Educational Group Cross tabulation


Without

higher

education

With higher

education

Did parents

make the right

classification?

Correct choice Count 14 16 30

% of Total 29.8% 34.0% 63.8%

Wrong Choice Count 11 6 17

% of Total 23.4% 12.8% 36.2%


% of Total 53.2% 46.8% 100.0%

Appendix 74- Chi-square test between Did parents made the right

classification? * Parents' Educational Group. For the Traffic Light Labelling

System

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp.

Sig. (2-

sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)


Continuity Correctionb .786 1 .375



Linear-by-Linear

Association

1.388 1 .239

N of Valid Cases 47



56


Parents' Educational Group. For the control group

Did parents make the right classification? * Parents' Educational Group Cross tabulation


Without

higher

education

With higher

education

Did parents

make the right

classification?

Correct

choice

Count 7 7 14

% of Total 18.4% 18.4% 36.8%

Wrong

Choice

Count 20 4 24

% of Total 52.6% 10.5% 63.2%


% of Total 71.1% 28.9% 100.0

%

Appendix 76 - Chi-square test between Did parents made the right

classification? * Parents' Educational Group. For the control group

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp.

Sig. (2-

sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)


Continuity Correctionb 3.293 1 .070



Linear-by-Linear

Association

4.651 1 .031

N of Valid Cases 38



Documents

The effect of energy and traffic light labelling on parents … · Appendix 16- Level of concern of parents when choosing for their children..... 29 Appendix 17- ... Appendix 19-