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THE EFFECTS OF THE PROBIOTIC USE ON
THE HEALTH AND GROWTH RATE OF
FATTENING PIGS
V. Juškienė, R. Leikus, G. Sudikas, R. Juška Institute of Animal Science,
Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LITHUANIA
II International Congress “Food Technology, Quality and Safety,
XVI International Symposium “Feed Technology” 28-30 October 2014, Novi Sad, Serbia
BACKGROUND
The increased interest in probiotic is essentially due to
the problem of microbial resistance to antibiotics.
Probiotics being considered an alternative means to reduce
pathogen infection and improve animal health and
production. However, their mechanism of action is not yet
fully understood.. Different probiotics contain different
microorganisms which may behave differently. Even
different strains of the same species may have different
metabolic activities which in turn effect the immune system
and growth results. Several studies related to probiotics
were performed on livestock and beneficial effects but
there is no undivided opinion regarding the use of
probiotics and there is still a need to clarify the probiotic
effectiveness in animals especially pigs.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to investigate the
effects of the probiotic (Bacillus licheniformis (DSM
5749) – 1.6
109 CFU/g and Bacillus subtilis (DSM
5750) – 1.6
109 CFU/g) use on health, growth rate, feed
intake and nutrient digestibility of fattening pigs.
MATHERIALS
AND
METHODS
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
xxxx
Groups No. of
pigs
Content of probiotic in
diets
g/t %
I 29 - -
II 29 400 0.04
III 29 600 0.06
COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS OF DIETS
Item Pig weight, kg
Item Pig weight, kg
35-55 Over 55 35-55 Over 55
Wheat, % 17.32 6 Analytical data/kg feed
Barley, % 61 58.35 Dry matter, kg 0.89 0.88
Triticale, % - 15 Metabolizable energy, MJ 12.7 12.3
Soybean meal, % 10.2 9.6 Crude protein, g 192.6 174.0
Soybeans, % 3 - Lysine, g 8.7 9.2
Fish meal, % 2 - Methionine, g 5.1 4.8
Rapeseed cake, % - 7 Threonine, g 5.4 6.4
Soybean oil, % 2 0.3 Fibre, g 35.6 49.4
Premix DB35-1/1, % 2.4 - Calcium, g 9.83 9.31
Premix „Unimix
Finishers“, % - 2.8 Phosphorus, g 5.23 7.03
Monocalcium
phosphate, % 0.82 0.65 Methionine-lysine ratio 0.59:1 0.52:1
Limestone, % 0.5 - 100 g protein containing
lysine, g 4.52 5.29
Binder of toxyne 0.2 0.2
„Mycofix“, % Energy-protein ratio 1:15.2 1:14.1
Organic acids add
„Genex SPG“, % 0.2 0.1 Energy-lysine ratio 1:0.69 1:0.75
Zincum oxyde, % 0.36 -
Animals. German Landrace and Norwegian Landrace crossbred pigs
analogues by age, weight, gender and condition.
Growth rate of pigs. Individual weighing at the start, every month and
at the end of the trial. The pigs were weighed before their feeding in the
morning.
Feed consumption. Feeds allotted for each separate pen were weighed
individually every day before feeding. The amount of given feed was
daily regulated to have no remains until the next feeding.
Chemical composition of feeds. The chemical composition and
nutritive value of the feeds were analyzed, according to the standard
methods (AOAC, 1990)
Feeds analysed for: dry matter, protein, fat, fibre, ash, organic
matter, nitrogen–free extracts, amino acids. Metabolizable energy was
calculated by the chemical composition of feeds and digestibility
coefficients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS (1)
Studies of nutrient digestibility. The studies were carried out by
in vivo classical method when the pigs reached 60-70 kg weight.
Three pigs (2 castrates and one gilt) were selected by the principle
of analogous from each group and placed into special individual
pens. The pre-experimental and experimental periods lasted for 6
and 5 days, respectively. Daily feeds given per each pig and faeces
were weighed every day. The feeds and places were analysed for
the contents of dry and organic matter, protein, fat, fibre, ash,
nitrogen–free extracts. Digestibility coefficients for individual
nutrients were calculated by the data of chemical analysis, i. e.
contents of nutrients received with feeds and excreted.
Statistical analyses. Statistical analyses were performed using
STATISTIC for Windows (Version 7; Stat Soft Inc. Tulsa, OK,
USA).
The differences were considered to be statistically significant at
P ≤ 0.05).
MATERIALS AND METHODS (2)
R E S U L T S
GROWTH RATE OF PIGS
Item
Groups
I (n=29) II (n=29) III (n=29)
M
SE M
SE M
SE
Weight of pigs, kg
At the start 35.48
1.348 35.93
1.193 36.97
1.055
At the 4 months of age 54.69
2.006 56.69
1.817 58.22
1.529
At the end 98.60
2.160 101.09
2.349 104.52
1.897
Average daily gain, g
At 3-4 months of age (first fattening stage)
662
34.553 716
29.990 733
23.590
At 4-6 months of age (second fattening stage)
979
21.201 1017
28.465 1052
25.025
During the trial 856
22.454 896
24.361 925
20.498
FEED CONSUMPTION
Item Groups
I (n=29) II (n=29) III (n=29)
Daily feed consumption per pig, kg
At 3-4 months of age (first fattening stage)
2.02 2.02 2.18
At 4-6 months of age (second fattening stage)
3.41 3.41 3.54
During the trial 2.87 2.86 3.00
Feed consumption per kg gain, kg
At 3-4 months of age (first fattening stage)
3.05 2.82 2.97
At 4-6 months of age (second fattening stage)
3.50 3.38 3.39
During the trial 3.37 3.20 3.26
NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY DATA, %
Item Groups
I (n=3) II (n=3) III (n=3)
Dry matter 81.17 80.60 79.10
Organic matter 83.20 83.17 82.33
Protein 78.13 77.67 76.63
Fat 62.97 66.13 58.00
Fibre 37.83 37.50 32.37
Nitrogen free extract 89.50 88.97 89.40
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicated that the pigs had the highest growth rate
when fed compound feed supplemented with 0.06 % probiotic. These
pigs gained daily on the average 7.5-10.7 % (P=0.027-0.096) more
weight than the control pigs. 0.04 % probiotic supplementation of pig
diets did not affect the growth rate.
The use of the probiotic resulted in 2.6-7.5 % lower feed
intake per kg gain. The daily intake of feed was almost similar both
at feeding pigs 0.04 % probiotic supplemented diets and probiotic-
free diets, however, supplementation of diets with 0.06 % probiotic,
resulted in 3.8-7.9 % more daily feed consumption.
Feeding probiotic supplemented diets had no significant
influence on nutrient digestibility.
Supplementation of the diets with 0.06 % probiotic had a
more favourable influence on pig health – there were no diarrhoea or
other ailment cases.
Institute of Animal Science,
Lithuanian University of Health Sciences
E-mail [email protected]
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION