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The Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related ItemsPATR 2700, the Encyclopedia, Federoff, the Bible of Explosives, call it what you will as it has many names. There are few enough books in existence that cover a topic such as explosives, let alone do such a good job as to be a must have reference for anyone in the field. The Encyclopedia is the single greatest work on explosives period. Get it, copy it, distribute it far and wide. A special thanks goes to megalomania for creating The Forum, to NBK2000 for keeping out the kewls, and to nhamilto40 for ripping the original of this book.

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF EXPLOSIVES AND RELATED ITEMSPATR 2700 VOLUME 4BY

BASIL T. FEDOROFF

&

OLIVER E. SHEFFIELD

U.S. ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMAND TACOM, ARDEC WARHEADS, ENERGETICS AND COMBAT SUPPORT CENTER PICATINNY ARSENAL NEW JERSEY, USA 1969

Copies of the Encyclopedia of Explosives And Related Items can be obtained by requesting CD ROM from the:

National Technical Information Service (formerly Clearinghouse) US Department of Commerce Springfield, Virginia 22151 1-800-553-6847 USA only 703-605-6000 www.ntis.gov/FCPC

The contents of these volumes are UNCLASSIFIED The distribution of these volumes is UNLIMITED

Neither the US Government nor any person acting on behalf of the US Government assumes any liability resulting from the use or publication of the information contained in this document or warrants that such use or publication will be free from privately owned rights.

All rights reserved. This document, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the Energetics and Warhead Division, WECAC, TACOM, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal

Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 61-61759

1PREFACE

the This volume represents a continuing effort to cover comprehensively unclassified information on explosives and related subjects in the same manner & format as in previous volumes. The reader is urged to obtain the previous volumes and to read both the PREFACE & INTRODUCTION in Volume 1 in order to understand the authors way of presenting the subject matter In the preparation for and the writing of this Encyclopedia, the authors have consulted freely with and have had the cooperation of many individuals who have contributed their expert knowledge. This fact is acknowledged throughout the text at the end of the subject item. Mr John F. W. Pflueger, former Picatinny Arsenal engineer now located at the Letterkenny Army Depot at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, called to our attention or supplied us with many of the latest technical manuals & other publications related to explosives & ammunition. A listing of many others who have helped in various ways would be impractical Mr L.H. Eriksen, Feltman Research Laboratories Director, Picatinny Arsenal, has authorized & approved this project. It is thru his interest, encouragement & guidance that this publication is possible. The support of this project by Dr J.V.R. Kaufman, US Army Material Command Deputy acknowledged. This Director for Plans, AMCRD, is also gratefully Encyclopedia was prepared by scientists assigned to the Explosives Laboratory of FRL, Dr R.F. Walker, Chief. All reference works used, such as reports, periodicals, journal & books, were made available thru the cooperation of the Scientific & Technical Information Branch personnel, Mr M.A. Costello, Chief Although considerable effort has been made to present this information as accurately as possible, mistakes & errors in transcription & transition do occur. Therefore, the authors encourage the readers to feel free to point out mistakes, errors & omissions of important works so that corrections & The interpretations of data additions can be listed in the next volume. & opinions expressed are often those of the authors and are not necessarily those nor the responsibility of officials of Picatinny Arsenal or the Department of the Army This report has been prepared for informs tion purposes only and neither Picatinny Arsenal nor the Department of the Army shall be responsible for any events or decisions arising from the use of any information contained herein

m

Errata

in Volume

1

p IX, 10th line from bottom. p XX, 2nd line from bottom p Abbr 13-R p Abbr 74, 10th line from top p Abbr 75, 10th line from top p Abbr 75, 15th line from top

Change [under C to under Berthelots tic Product, p B105

Characteris-

Produit caract$ristique instead of Produit Characteristique DA direct (instead of direction) action (Brit) for point detonating fuze, superquick Feigenspan instead of Feignespan (URSS) instead of (USSR) Replace Sec etc with: DoklAkad N Listed sometimes in CA and in some other sources as CompRendAcadSci (URSS) -1,2-propanediol Dinitrate instead of 1,3-propanediol Dinitrate should read: The heat of transition from form 111 to form H is 310 cal/mol and that from form II to I is 979 cal/mol. ANISYLTETRAZOLE instead of ANISLYTETRAZOLE Asphaltines instead of Asphaltenes Arsenic Triazide, mw 200.~8, N 60.00% Barium Diazide, mw 221.41, N 38.00% Cobalt Diazide or CobaIt Dinitride instead of Cobalt Triazid:e

p A252-R, p A31 l-R,

llth

line from top

Ist to 3rd lines

p A457-L, p p p p A-479-L, A522-R A523-L, A531-L

10th Iine last line 2nd line

p A544-L p A574, first

equation

Lanthanum Triazide, mw 264.99, N 47. 58% should read: 2 Ce (S04)2 + 2NaN3+ 3N2 + Na2S04 + Ce2(S04)a should read: Disperse with stirring ca I oz of waste LA in 1.5 gal 107o aq Amm acetate soln, add 2.5 oz of Na nitrite - - Insert Tetracene afterLead Azide

p A574, paragraph

XVI

p A586-L, p A642-R

10th line

1- Azidopseudocumene Dimethyl benzylazide (199) instead 18th line

See 2,4and Beil 5, 405,

of: See under Pseudo cumene instead of

P A659R,

5, 54- Dinitro-o-azostilbene 5, 5-

Dinitro-o-stilbene

Errata

in Volume

2

p B92-L,

20th line

mw 244.13 (instead of 243.13), N17.22% (instead of 17.28%) and OB to C02 -62.3% (instead of -62.5%) in the Tide of instead Delete the word Di pbenylyl

p B1 22-R 11th line from the bottom p B135-R, 21st line

pNitrol-1,1,4,4tetrap-Nitrol, 1,4,4- tetra -

Iv

Errata

in Volume

2 (Centd)

p Bl 51-R, 3rd line from the bottom

l,2-Bis 1,2-Bis

(2-nitrimino-, (2-nitramino-etc

etc

in~teadof of

p B155-L,p B258-L

16th line

Di(picrylthiol)-xylene Di(picrylthiol)-zylene Boulang

instead

Le Chronograph Le Chronograph

instead

of Bouleng, p B357-R, p C202-L, 4th line Line 16 from bottom

proplnts) instead of explns) deflagrated instead of detonated (suggested by Dr Herbert Ellem)

Errata

in Volume

3

p XII

Carpio Carpio

1 (1948) shotdd read: Caprio 1 (1948) 2 (1949) Caprio 2 (1949) C. Caprio,

p XIII p C306-R p C307-R p C30.7-R, 5th Line from the bottom

Corso di Esplosivi, etc Urbaflski (Vol & Year) should read: Urba6ski, Vol 3 (1967), 717 pp Boulang6 (Le) Screen instead of Bouleng6 (Le) Screen Boulang; (Le) Chronograph instead of Bouleng6 (Le) Chronograph Le Boulang< Chronograph instead of Le Bouleng< Chronograph Le Boulangd instead of Le Bouleng; s~curitt! instead of sec;rite Volubility of HMX in Nitroethane should read 0.3 g/100 ml of soln instead of 0.03 should read: Cyclotrimethylen e-trinitramin e (Cyclonite) Homolog nitronium instead of nitromium

p .C308 L in two places p C446-R, 9th line p C607-L p C630-L p D44-L, 5th line from top

.

v

TABLE

OF CONTENTS Page

Preface Errata List in Volumes of Figures 1, 2 & 3

I

III XXI Code Names and Symbols for Books and Periodicals and Propellants SUBJECTS(and Explosion)

and Illustrations

Supplement Supplement Supplement DETONATION,Section

to Abbreviations, to Abbreviations to the List

XXXIX XL VII LI

of Books on Explosives AND RELATEDto Detonation

EXPLOSION1. Subjects Related

Aeration of Explosives Air Gap Sensitiveness to Detonation (and Explosion) Annular Detonation Wave Anomalous High Velocity of Detonation Axial Initiation of Multi-Component Explosive Charges Backward Detonat ion and Resonation Backward Wave Propagation Ball Lightning Explosion Barrier Tests and Their Comparison with Shooting Tests BIast Contours Blast, Spherical Boltzmann Constant Brisance (or Shattering Effect) Brisance, Correlation with Chemical Structure Brisance, Correlation with Properties other Than Chemical Brisance, Determination by Method of Metal Acceleration by Explosives Bullet Impact Sensitivity of Explosives Burning (Combustion) and Deflagration of Gases Vapors and Dusts Burning, Propagative Burning Rates of Condensed Explosives Burning Rates of ExpIosive Mixtures with Air or Gases, Vapors and Dusts Burning Rates of Propellants for Artillery Weapons Burning Rates of Propellants for Rockets Burning Rates of propellants; Experimental Techniques Burning Rates of Pyrotechnic Compositions Calorimetric Measurements in Combustion, Deflagration, Explosion, and Detonation Cavitational Phenomenon

D137 D138 D139 D139 D139 D140 D143 D143 D143 D145 D148 D149 D149 D149 D150 D1-50 DL50 D153 D154 D163 D163 D164 D164 D165 D165 D165 D166 D167

I

VISection 1. Subjects Related to Detonation (and Explosion)

(Centd)

Page

Character stic Direction Charge Parameters in Detonation (and Explosion) Combustion Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves Combustion Kinetics, Importance in Rocket Propellants of Combustion Knock Combustion of Propellants for Rockets Combustion (Flame) Temperature of Explosives; Measurements Combustion (Flame) Temperature of Propellants; Measurements Computers and Computer Programs Computer Program for a Digital Computer Computer Program for an Analog Computer Condensed Phases, Testing Contact Detonation Sen sitivity Test Contact Transmission of Detonation Contrasting Patterns in the Behavior of High Explosives Corresponding States, Law of Covolume Covolume and the Condition of Gases of Decomposition in the Detonation Zone of Brisant Explosives Criterion of Explosiveness Critical Diameter of Liquid Explosives Critical Diameter of Solid Explosives Critical Energy of Impact (or Shock) in Detonation (or Explosion ) Critical Length of Propagation of Detonation Critical Mass of Explosives Critical Phenomenon Critical Point Critical Pressure Value Curvature of Wave Fronts Cybernetics Cylindrical Detonations Dec opposition, Thermal of Explosives and Propellants Influence of Pressure and Temperature Deflagrating Explosives Deflagration Development (Transition) from Combustion (Burning) of Explosives and Propellants in Powdered Explosives Deflagration Point of Graphite (lxide Deformation and Break-Up of Solids by Detonation (and Explosion) Delayed-, After-, or Post-Reactions in Detonation Detonability and Flammability of Explosives, Propellants and Pyrotechnic Compositions Detonating Capacity of Explosives, Effect of Various Factors

D169 DI.70 D170 D172 D172 D172 D1.73 D175 D175 D176 D179 D1.79 D186 D186 D187 D190 D194 D196 D196 D1.$16 D197 D198 D198 D199 D201 D201 D201 D202 D202 D203 D203 D204 D205 D207 D207 D207 D208 D208 D208 D21O D211 D213

l

.

VII PageSection 2. Detonation, Explosion and Explosives

Introduction and Definitions Detonatiim and Explosion Detonation; Attenuation, Break, Cessation, Cutoff, Decay, Dying-Out, Extinction, Fadeout and Failure Detonation (and Explosion), Autocatalytic Detonation; BMPT (Birkhoff-MacDougall-Pough-Taylor) Theory of Jet Formation in Shaped Charges Detonation (and Explosion), Break Character of Breaking Theory of Carl Chain Reactions in Detonation, Chapman -Jougnet (CJ) Condition Chapman-Jouguet (and Deflagration) Chapman-Jouguet (in Gas) Chapman-Jouguet Isentrope Chapman-Jouguet Parameters or Variables Chapman-Jouguet Point Chapman-Jouguet Postulate or Hypothesis Chapman -Jouguet Pressure Chapman-Jouguet State Chapman-Jouguet Theory Chapman-Jouguet Wave and Flow Bebind it Detonation, ,Classical Theory of Plane Detonation Wave Detonation (and ExpIasion) of Composite Explosives of Composite PropeHants-I%eoretical Treatment of Condensed (Liquid and Solid) Explosives Detonation (and Explosion), Craters in Detonation, Curved Front Theory of Eyring et al Detonation of Cylindrical Charges Detonation of Dense Heterogeneous Explosives, Transitional Events Leading to Detonation (and Explosion) Development (Transition) from Burning (Combustion) or Deflagration Detonation (and Explosion), Distant Effect of Detonation and Explosion of Dusts, Mists and Vapors Detonation (and Explosion ), Effects of Blast and Shock Waves on Structures Effects Produced in Air, Earth and Water Electrical, Electromagnetic and Magnetic Effects Accompanying it Detonation, End Effect in Detonation (and Explosion), Energy of Energy Relationships in Energy (Relative) Release During Susan Test for Ignition of Expl csives by Impact Enthalpy, Excess in

D217 D217 D223 D223 D225 D226 D226 D227 D229 D230 D230 D230 D230 D230 D231 D231 D231 D235 D235 D236 D237 D237 D238 D238 D242 D242 D244 D245 D243 D252 D253 D256 D257 D258 D264 D264 D266 D266 D267

VIIIPage Section 3. Detonation (and Explosion), Equations of State in

(and Some Other Equations) Introduction Equations of State Applicable to Detonation Products of Condensed Explosives List of Equations of State Abel AIlan & Lamboucn Beattie - Bridgeman Becker Becker - Kistiakowsky - Wilson Benedict - Webb - Rubin Berthelot Boltzmann Brinkley - Wilson Caldirola & Paterson Call endar Clausius Constant- /3 & Constant-y Comer Cottrell - Paterson Covolume Deal Polytropic Dieterici Eyring Fickett Furth Genera{ Griineisen Halford - Kistiakowsky - Wilson HirschfeIder & Roseveare Hirschfelder - Stevenson - Eyring Hugonoit and Rankine-Hugoniot Intermolecular Potentials Joffe Jones and Jones-Miller Keyes Kihara & Hikita Kistiakowsky-Halford-Wilson-Brinkley Kistiakowsky - Wilson Kury Landau - Stanyukovich Landau-Stanyukovi ch-Zeldovich-Kompane Lees Lennard - Jones & Devonshire Lorentz Macleod Maron and Turnbull Mayer & Careri

D268 D268 D270

D271 D271 D271 D272 D272 D274 D274 D274 D274 D274 D274 D274 D274 D276 D276 D276 D276 D276 D277 D277 D277 D277 D278 D278 D278 D278 D278 D281 D282 D283 D283 D283 D283 D284 D284 D285 D285 D287 D287 D28S D288 D288 D289

ets

Ix Page Section 3. Detonation (and Explosion), Equations of State in (Centd)

Mie - Griincisen and Gri!neisen Murgai Nobel - Abel Plank Polytropic Rankine - Hugoniot Skidmore & Hart Su & Chang Van der Waals Virial Wilkins Wohl Zel dovich & Kompaneets Detonation (and Explosion), ExperimentalSection 4. Detonation (and Explosion), Experimental

Data InterpretationProcedures

of

D289 D290 D290 D290 D290 D291. D291 D293 D293 D293 D294 D295 D295 D299 D299 D346 D346 D347 D347 D348 D348 D348 D349

of Explosive Mixture and Explosives Phenomena Factors Influencing Velocity and other Properties of Explosives in Detonation,, Failure of Coal-Mining Explosives in a Bore Hole Detonation, Fanno Line Detonation, Flame Reactions and Detonation, Flash-Across, Heat Pulse and Hyper-velocity Phenomena Detonation, Free Volume Theory of the Liquid State Developed by Eyring et al and by Lennard-Jones -Devonshire Detonation, Free Volume Theory of Multi component Fluid Mixtures Detonation, Front, Non-Planar Detonation Front and Shock Front. Detonation Zone and Shock Zone Detonatio~ and Explosion), Fugacity of Products of Detonation (and Explosion) in Gases; Determination of Ignition Points Detonation (and Explosion) in Gases, Vapors and Dusts; Development t (Transition) from Burning (Combustion) or Deflagration Detonation, Geometrical Model Theory of Detonation in Granular Explosives Detonation (and Explosion), Hazards (Dangers ) of Detonation, Heat Sensitization of Explosives and Memory EffectSection 5. Detonation Heat (Explosion, Format Deflagration, ion ), Heats Combustion of and

Detonation Detonation Detonation,

D349. D349 D350 D351 D351 D360 D360

D363 D365 D366 D367

of Formation Heat of Combustion Heat of Explosion

D369 D369 D370 D375

I

x Section 5. Detonation (Explosion, Formation), Deflagration, Heats Combustion of (Contd) and Page

Heat of Detonation Experimental Determinations of Heat of Explosion and Heat of Detonation Detonation; High-Low -- and Intermediate Order, Velocities of Detonation, Ideal and Nonideal Detonation (and Explosion), Ignition of Explosives and Propellants to Detonation (and Explosion) by Impact (or Shock) Detonation (and Expl csion), Impetus and Available Energy Detonation (and Explosion), Impulse in Impulse, Specific Induction Period in Initiation-of Explosives and PropellantsSection 6. Detonation Sympathetic (and Explosion) By Influence or

D375 D377 D384 D389 D390 D391 D391 D393 D394 D394

D39$5 D398 D398 D398 D399 D399 D399 D399 D399 D399 D399 D399 D399

Detonation

Booster - Gap Explosive Sensitivity Test of Cole & Edwards Booster Sensitivity Test Card-Gap Sensitivity Test of Cook et al Card Test Coefficient de self-excitation (CSE) Four-Cartridge Test Gap Test Halved-Cartridge Gap Method Shock-Pass-Heat-Filter (SPHF) Sensitivity Test Three-Legged Table Sensitivity Test Wax Gap Test Whole-Cartridge Sensitivity Test

Section

7. Detonation Propagation

(and Explosion), Initiation (Birth), (Growth or Spread) in Explosive

ond Substances

D402 D417 D420 D421 D421 D421 D423 D423 D423 D424 D424 D425 D434 D434

Initiation

& Shock Processes. Detonation Head and Detonation Edge Detonation, Jetting in Detonation, Jumping Detonation of Large Amounts of Explosives Lateral Expmsion (Dispersion) and Lateral Loss in Lateral Shock Pressure Measurements at an Expl mive Detonation Limit Detonation Limits in Composite Explosives Detonation Limits in Condensed Explosives Detonation Luminosity Detonation, Detonation, Limits in High Explosives (Luminescence) Produced on Mach Number in Mach Wave; Mach Reflection; and Mach Region

Column

Triple

Point;

1

.

mSection 7. Detonation Propagation (and Explosion),

...(Birth), and Substances Page

Initiation

(Growth

or Spread)

in Explosive

(Centd)

Detonation, Maser and Laser in Mechanical Effects of Detonation Mechanisms of Detonation Detonation (and Explosicm) ina Medium of VariabIe Density Model of Von Neumann - Zeldovich Molecular Theory of Detonation Monroe-Neumann Effect (or Shaped Charge Effect) and Lined Cavity Ef feet in Detonation NDZ (Neumann-D8ring-Zel dovich) Theory Neumanns Pathological Detonation NonIine ar Theory of Unstable One-Dimensional Detonation Nonreactive Shock in Detonation Nozzle Theory or Expanding Jet Theory of Jones Nuclear Detonation (and) Explosion Oblique Impact of a Layer of Explosive by a Metal Plate Overboostering in Detonation Parameters and Character sties of Detonation ParticIe Size Ef feet in Detonation Particle Size Effect on Velocity of Detonation Particle Velocity in Detonation and Its Determination Penetrating or Jet-Piercing Theory of Apin Detonation Performance and Its Prediction Perturbation Theories of Detonation Phenomena Accompanying Detonation (and Explosion) Plasma in Detonation Polytropic Curve and Polytropic Law Detonation of Powdery Explosive Charges Power, Available Energy an~ Srrength in Detonation Precursor Shock in Detonation Predetonation Phase in DetonationSection 8. Detonation (and Explosion), Measurements Pressures of and Their

D436 D441 D441 D441 D442 D442 D442 D454 D457 D460 D460 D460 D461 D461 D462 D463 D465 D466 D466 D467 D470 D470 D471 D471 D474 D475 D476 D479 D482

Determination of Pressures Developed on Detonation Relationship and Detonation Pressure - Charge Density Temperature of Detonation - Charge Density Relationship Detonation (and Explosion) by Priming and Bolstering Detonation Processes; Properties of Explosives Affecting Detonation (and Explosion) Products Detonation-Product Equation of State Obtained from Hydrodynamic Data Detonation Progress Thru a Column of Explosive Propagation Through Explosive Charges Propagation Through Layers of Non-Explosive Substances Between ExpIosive Pellets Pseudo Detonation PseudopotentiaI Theories of Detonation Qualitative Theory of Detonation Rarefaction (or Expansion) Wave and Release Wave of E.M. Pugh

Experimental

D485 D491

Them

D494 D494 D494 D495 D495 D497 D498 D499 D499 D499 D500

XIISection 8. Detonation (and Explosion), Measurements Pressures of ond Their Page

(Centd) D502 D503 D503 D504 D505 D506 D507 D508 D51O D511 D5rl D515 D517 12517 D518 D518 D519 D519 D520 D520 D520 D521 D522 D529 D530 D541 D542 D545 D547 D547 D548 D548 D548 D549 D554 D557 D561 D569 D572 D574 D575 D576 D576 D576 D578

Rayleigh (or Mikhel son)Line and Transformation in Detonation Reaction Front in Detonation Reaction Mechanism in Detonation Reaction Rate in Detonation Reaction Zone in Detonation Reformation of Detonation Relaxation in Detonation Resistance to Detonation (and Explosion) Resonation Caused by the Reflection of Divergent Waves Schweikert Theory of Detonation Sensitivity of Explosives to Detonation Shock, Shock Effect, Shock Front, Shock Impulse, Shock Pressure, Shock Wave and Shock Zone Shock Compressibility in Detonation Shock Shock ShockShock Shock Shock Shock Shock Shock Shock Shock Shock Shock Hugoniot in Detonation Impedance and Acoustic Impedance or Impact- Loading of Metals Pressure in Detonation and Its Measurements Propagation in Detonation Regime Thermoelectric Effect in Detonation Sensitivity in Detonation

.

Transition to Detonation Transmission from Explosive to MetaI Plate Tube Technique Studies in Detonation Velocity in Air and Other Substances Wave in Detonation (and Explosion) Wave Principal of Similarity, Its Application and Scaling Effects in Detonation Shock Wave (or Stress Wave) Fracturing of Metal; Fracturing of Rock Slurry Explosives, Detonation in Sound Speed Frozen in Detonation Space, Detonation (and Explosion) in Spalling and Scabbing of Solids by Shocks Spectra and Spectrographic Measurements in Detonation Spherical Detonation Spherical Taylor Wave for the Gas eous Products of Solid Explosives Spike Pressure and Spike Theory Spontaneous Detonation (and Explosion) Stability and Instability of Detonation Stability of Explosives State Properties of Explosives Steady and Nonsteady State In Detonation Steady and Nonsteady State of Penetration of Target by Lined-Cavity Jets Strain Waves in Rocks Strong and Weak Detonation Supercompressed Detonation Developed in Constr icted Tubes

XIIISection 8. Detonation(ond Explosion), Measurements Pressures of and Their Page

(Centd) Supervelocity (or Hypervelocity) Detonation Surface-Erosion Model of Eyring et al as Applied TDBP WaveSection Section Section 9A. 9B. 10. Detonation Detonation Detonation (and (and (and Explosion) Explosion), Explosion) Temperature Temperature Theories

in Detonation

D578 D581 D582 D583 D589 D601 D602 D61O D619 D622 D623 D624 D624 D625 D627 D628 D624 D630 D633 D640 D641 D643 D646 D656

and Its Determination Developed on

of Detonation Theories Leading to Development of Hydrodynamic and Hydrothermodynami c Theories Hydrodynamic and Hydrothermodynamic Theories of Detonation ThennaI Theories and Thermochemistry of Detonation Threshold Ignition Pressure in Detonation Threshold Velocities V= (neoretical) for Impact Explosions of Massive Targets in De tonation Transfer Detonation Transients and Unstable Detonation Processes Transition from Shock to Detonation Transition of Detonation Underwater Detonation (and Explosion)Section 11. Detonation (Explosion and Deflagration) Velocity

History

Calculation of Detonation Velocity Experimental Determination of Detonation Velocity AnomaIous High Detonation Velocity Detonation Velocity - Charge Diameter Relationship Detonation Velocity - Charge Density Relationship Detonation Velocity - Charge Diameter and Density Relationships Detonation Velocity and Chemical Composition and Detonation Velocity as a Function of oxygen Balance and Heat of Formation Detonation Velocity - Confinement and Obturation Relationship Detonation Velocity - Critical and Limiting Diameter Relationships Detonation Velocity by Direct Visualization of the Explosive Flow Effect of Replacement of Air in Explosive Charges by Nonexplosive Liquids Detonation and Explosion Velocity in Gases Influence of Ageing of Gelatin Explosives Influence of Inert Components and Inert Additives Influence of Magnetic, Electro Magnetic and Electrical Fields as well as of Electrons Influence of Method of Initiation Detonation Velocity by Metallic Transmission of Sulfur Detonation Velocity - Particle Size Distribution Relationship Detonation VeIocity - Pressure Over Explosive Relationship (Initial) of Charge Relationship Detonation Velocity - Temperature Detonation, Water & Plexiglas Induced shock Wave Velocity in

D657 D660 D660 D663 D663 D666 D667 D668 D671 D672 D672 D673 D674 D676

XIV Page Section 12. Detonation (and Explosion) Waves

Course of Reactions in the Detonation Waves of ExpIosive Mixtures Cissoidal Detonation Wave Elastic Detonation Wave Detonation Wave Front Laminar Detonation Wave Oblique Detonation Waves One-Dimensional Detonation and Reaction-Waves Overcompressed and Undercompressed Detonation Waves Overdrivenor Supported Overdetonation Wave Parameters (Characteristics) of Detonation Waves Plane Detonation Wave Plastic Detonation Wave Predetonation Period in Detonation Wave Progress of Detonation Wave Propagation of Detonation Wave Radius of Curvature of Its Front versus Velocity Shape and Density Properties Spherical Detonation Wave Station ary-, Standing-, or Stabilized Detonation Waves Steady Flow in Detonation Wave Steady- (Steady State) and Nonsteady (Unsteady) Detonation Steady-State, One-Dimensional Reaction Waves with Finite Reaction Rate Steady-State, One-Dimensional Reaction Waves with Instantaneous Reaction Steady-State, Plane, One-Dimensional Detonation Wave Steady-State, Three-Dimensional, Axially Symmetric with Finite Reaction Rate Structure of Detonation Wave Structure Measurements in Condensed Explosives Study by a Missile Technique Study by Spectrophotometric Analysis Theories of Derogation Wave Three-Dimensional Detonation Wave Transient, One-Dimensional Wave Transients in Propagation of Detonation Waves Transient, Three-Dimensional Detonation Waves Two-Dimensional. Detonation Wave

D676 D682 D683 D684 D684 D685 D685 D686 D686 D687 D689 D689 D689 D690 D690 D691 D692 D693 D699 D700 D700 D703 D703 D704 D708 D710 D714 D715 D716 D716 D716 D716 D716 D718 D723 D724

Wave

Work Capacity Detonative Detonative

in Detonation

(and Explosion) Combustion or Explosive Deflagration

D730 D731 D732

(and Explosive) Ignition in Gases

xv

DETONATORS, IGNITERS, PRIMERS, AND OTHER INITIATING DEVICES USED FOR NONMILITARY AND MILITARY PURPOSESPage Section 1. Detonators, Igniters and Primers Used for Nonmilitary Purposes

Part A. Nonmilitary Part B. Nonmilitary Part C. NonmilitarySection 2. Detonators, for Military Igniters, Purposes

Igniters Primers DetonatorsPrimers and Other Initiating Devices Used

D733 D733 D734 D737 D742 D742 D753 D753

Part A.

Glossary of Ordnance and other Terms Used in This Description of Or~ance items Part B. Nomenclature Used by US Armed Forces for Ordnance Items Part C. History of Development of Military Detonators, Igniters, Primers and of Other Initiating DevicesDetonators, Explosives (Except Igniters (Including in Fuzes) and Primers Propellants) Used for Initiating Low in Military Ammunition

Section

3.

D757

introduction a) Definition of Ignition b) Prime Ignition c) Ignition Train Used in Pyrotechnics d) Primary Initiation, First Fires, Igniters and Starters Used in Pyrotechnics Part C. Military Igniters, Lighters and Firing Devices a) Igniters for Fuses Used in Ordnance Items b) Firing Devices c) Ram-Jet Engine Igniter d) Igniter Compositions for Tracers (ICT) e) Igniter Compositions for Pyrotechnic Items Part D. Military Primers a) Definition of Term Primer b) SmalI Arms Primers or Simple Primers c J Artillery Propellant Primers or Primer-Igniter C2) Description of Various Types of Artillery Ammunition Showing the Location and Function of Primer-Igniters and of Projectiles Ca) Detailed Description of Artillery Primer-Igniters and of Sane Primers Used in Cartridge Ammunition c~ primers for Igniting PropeIIants in cartridge Bags Used in Separate-Loading Ammunition d) Primers Used in Demolition Charges and in Land Mines e) Primers and Igniters for Initiating Mortar Propellants and Description of Some Mortar Projectiles Military Detonators a) Detonators Used for Initiating Demolition Charges and Land Mines

Part A. Part B.

D757 D757 D758 D759 D760 D768 D768 D769 D773 ra774 D774 D774 D774 D775 D775 D777

D792 D795 D797 D797 D803 D803

Part E.

..

XVIPage

Part E. Military Detonators (Centd) b) Military Blasting Caps c) Exploding Bridge-Wire (EBW) DetonatorsSection 4. Artillery Initiating and Some Other Components Projectiles Including their

D806 D807 D81O D81O D81O D81O D829 D829 D829 D836 D836 D836 D837 D841 D841 D844 D846 D850 D850 D852 D854 D856 Items D856 D857 D863 D868 D869 D869 D872 D876 D879 D879 D885 D885 D885 D887

Part A. Part B.

Introduction Description of Various Projectiles a) Projectiles Used in Cannons and Howitzers b) Projectiles Used in Recoillesk Rifles c) Projectiles Used in Mortars d) Grenades, Hand and Rifle e) Guided Missiles and Rockets Part C. Definition of Terms Used for Initiating Components of Artillery Proj ecriles a) Definition of Fuze Detonator b) High-Explosive Train or Bursting Charge Explosive Train Part D. Description of Instantaneous Fuze Detonators a) Instantaneous Flash Fuze Detonators b) Instantaneous Stab Fuze Detonators c) Instantaneous Electric Fuze Detonators Part E. Description of Instantaneous Fuze Primers a) Instantaneous Stab Fuze Primers b) Instantaneous Percussion Fuze Primers c) Instantaneous Electric Fuze Primers Part F. Delays, Relays, Leads and Their Uses in Fuze Detonators, Fuze Primers and Some Pyrotechnic of Terms a) Definition b) BIack Powder Delay Elements c) Gasless Delay Elements and Detonators Employing Them d) Gasless Delay Fuze Primers e) Relays and Relay Detonators f) Leads (Used in Explosive Trains) Delay Trains Used in Pyrotechnics g) Part G. BoostersFuzes (Introduction)

Section

5.

Part A. Part B. Part C.

List of Fuzes Fuzes, Igniting Artillery Fuzes a) Definitions b) Point Detonating (PD) Artillery Fuzes, Including Time (T), Superquick (SQ) and Time Superquick (TSQ) Fuzes c) Mechanical Time (MT) and Mechanical Time -Superquick (MTSQ) Artillery Fuzes

D906

XVIIPage

Part C. Auxiliary

Fuzes

(Centd) Fuzes D913 D918 D921 D922 D923 D925 D925 D927 D928 D933 D933 D933 D933 D935 D938 D941 D944 D948 D949 D950 D951 D951 D953 D958 D959 D959 D961 D961 D962 D964 D967 D967 D979 D990 D995 D998 D1OOO D1OO5 D1OO8 D1 008 D101O DIO1O D1OI2 D1013

Fuzes d) Base-Detonating (BD) Artillery e) Proximity or VT (Variable Time) Artillery f ) Recoilless Rifle Projectile Fuzes g) Mortar Projectile Fuzes h) Foreign Artillery Fuzes of WWII Parc D. Fuzes for Use in Items Other Than Artillery Ammunition or Aircraft Bombs a) Fuzes for Demolition Items b) Fuzes for Hand- and Rifle Grenades c) Fuzes for Land MinesSection 6. Bombs and Bomb Part A. Bombs Components

a) SAP (Semi-Armor-Piercing) Bombs b) Frag (Fragmentation) Bombs c) GP (General Purpose) Bombs d) Low-Drag GP Bombs e) Inc (Incendiary) Bombs f) Fire Bombs g) Smoke Bombs h) Gas Bombs (Nonpersistent and Persistent) i ) Aircraft Depth Bombs (ADB) j ) Leaflet Bombs k J Pyrotechnic Bombs (Photoflash) k~ Pyrotechnic Bombs (Aircraft Flares) k ~ Pyrotechnic Bombs (Aircraft Signals) 1 ) Practice Bombs Part B. Bomb Clusters and CIuster Adapters (Definition) a) Quick-Opening (Frame) Fragmentation Bomb Clusters and Adapters b) Aimable Fragmentation Bomb Clusters and Adapters c) Incendiary Bomb Clusters d) Gas Bomb Clusters and Adapters Part C. Bomb Fuzes (Introduction) a) Bomb Nose Fuzes b) Bomb Tail Fuzes c) Bomb MT (Mechanical Time) Fuzes d) Bomb Proximity or VT (Variable Time) Fuzes e) Hydrostatic Bomb Fuzes f) Nonstandardized Bomb Fuzes Pyrotechnic Bomb Fuzes 8) h) Inert Bomb Fuzes i) Foreign Bomb Fuzes Used During mI Part D. Bomb Explosive Train Components a) Bomb Adapter-Boosters b) Bomb Auxiliary Boosters c) Born b Primer-Detonators

XVIIIPage

Part D.

Part E.

Bomb Explosive Train Components (Centd) d) Bomb Delay Elements e) Bomb Bursters f ) Bomb Igniters Bomb Signal and Spotting Components a) Bomb Signal Cartridges b) Bomb Spotting Charges c) Bomb Spotting Charge Igniters Bomb Nonexplosive Components (Other than Clusters) a) Bomb Arming-Wire Assemblies b) Bomb Arming-Vane Assemblies c) Bomb Arming-Delay Mechanism d) Bomb Flight Stabilizers e) Drag Plates and Spoiler Rings f) Bomb Initiators

Part F.

D1014 D1014 D1016 D1017 D 1.01.7 D1019 D1019 D1019 D1019 D102O D1021 D1021 D1021 D1023D1023

Section

7.

References

Part A. . (Books, Pamphlets and Technical Manuals on Detonators, Primers, Fuses, Fuzes and Igniters) Part B. (Patents, Technical Reports and Articles in Journals on Detonators, Primers, Fuses, Fuzes and Igniters) List List ListSection 8.

D1023 D1038 D1055 D1057 D1058 D106O D106O D106O D1061 D1061 D1.062 D1063 D1063 D1063 D1064 D1065 D1 066 D1066 D1067 D1068 D1069 D107O D1071 D1071 D1071 D1074

of Picatinny Primers of Picatinny of Picatinny

Arsenal Technical Reports on Detonators, and Igniters Arsenal Technical Reports on Fuzes Arsenal Memorandum Reports on Fuzesfor Explosive Compositions Igniters and Fuzes , Used in

Analytical Detonators,

Procedures Primers,

Primer Primer Primer Primer, Primer Primer Primer Primer Primer Priming Primer Igniter, Igniter Igniter Delay Igniter Friction Igniter Igniter Tracer

Mix US Army Standard Mix New No 4 Mix V Percussion, M39A1 Mix NO 70 Mix PA-1OO Mix NOL No 130 Mix for M3 Ignition Cartridge Mix in the M29A1 Percussion Primer Composition (Lead Starter Type) Mix Primer, Electric, M74 Composition Type 1 of Delay Charge Composition F33B Composition Type II of Delay Charge Compositions Z-2A or Z-2B Composition for Delay Elements T6E4 and T5E3 Composition for Blasting Fuse, Friction Type, M3A1 Composition for Blasting Fuse, Friction Type, M3A 1 Composition for M31 Series Detonators K29 R-45

..

XIXPoge Section 9. Physical Properties Tests for Determining Explosive of Detonators, Primers, Igniters and Other and Fuzes D1078

Sensitivity (Sensitiveness) Measurements Output Tests Miscellaneous Safety Tests for Detonators and Primers Physical Tests Required by Various US Military Specifications , for Detonators, Primers, Igniters and DeIays Physical Testing of FuzesTABLES:

D1,078 D1084 D1088 D1088 D1092

DETONATION, Chapman-Jouguet Memory Effect Heats

EXPLOSION Detonation Properties

AND RELATED Parameters

SUBJECTS D232

of Explosives

Studied for Some

D368 D380 D532 D536 D541 D545

of Combustion, Explosives

ExpIosion of Military

and Formation Interest

Properties

of Shock Waves Data for Air Shock

Thermodynamic

Experimental Verification of Geometrical Symmetry for Shock Waves from Spherical Charges of 50/50 Pentolite Properties of Hinos Explosives Rocks and Explosives Rocks and

Shape of Shock Wave for Various Blastability of Various

D546

Comparison of Detonation Velocity Calculated Wilson Mechanism with Total Energy by Computer Temperature Calculated Specific to Ignition Temperatures Rate Constants Decomposition Performance in 5 Seconds of Explosion for Assumed First-Order

by BrinkelyDetermined

D555

D585 D591 Isothermal s at after Properties D619 D628 D634 D635 D636 D653 D653

Underwater Detonation Detonation

Data for Various

Explosive

Velocities of Some Military Different Densities

Explosives

Velocities of Some Military Explosives Storage at Various Temperatures Velocities with Other Explosives Explosives

Comparison of Detonation of Explosives Critical Critical Diameters Diameters

of Some Powdery of Some Liquid

xx TABLES: Poge

DETONATION, Mean Results Parameters DETONATORS>

EXPLOSION for Reflected of Detonation

AND RELATED

SUBJECTS

(Centd) B D689 D689

Waves in overdrive Waves in TNT AND OTHER

Composition

IGNITERS,

PRIMERS Suitable

INITIATING

DEVICES D760 D760 D761

Safety Matches

for Military

Purposes

SAW Match Tip and Base Compositions Safety Match Strikers Coating of SAW Matches

Waterproof Black

D761 D763 D764 D766 D767

Powders

Used in Pyrotechnics

Starter Mixtures Ignition First First Mixtures Fire Mixtures Fire, Starter Charges Delay Powders and Igniter Compositions Flash Detonators

D767 D843 D867

Explosive Gasless Ignition

Used in Foreign

Compositions for Gasless Delay Elements

D867 D873

Pyrotechnic Burning

Delays and Burning Rates of Fuse Trains

Times

D876 D1051 D1053

Pyrotechnic

Devices

Found to be Sterilizable of Olin Mathieson Chem Corp

Rim Fire Compositions

,

XXI

LIST

Of

FIGURES Explosion

AND

ILLUSTRATIONS Subjects Page

Detonation,

and Related

Schematic

View of Experimental of Explosives

Arrangement

for Axial

Initiation

D141 D142 D146 D146

Aspect Shooting Barrier Relation

of the Detonation Zone in Explosives Generated in Surrounding Medium Test Test Between Projectile Velocity Barrier

and the Shock Wave

and Barrier

Lengths

D147 D147

End Velocity Relation

at Different Critical Diagram Diagram

Length and Barrier Contour to Air from TNT for Combustion of Velocity

Between

Projectile of a Blast

D147 D148 D148 D154 D159 D160 Program D181 D187 Ideal Gas D188 D189

Cross-Sectional Blast-Contour Apparatus

of a Wave Emerging

for Determining Concentration Limits Fuel Gases in Air (or Oxygen)

Experimental Setup of Shchelkin & Ditsent Combustion Rate of Gases Propagation Four Curves Direct Contact of Flame & Reaction

for Determining

Zone in Rough Pipes by RUBY Computer

and CJ Point Detonation

Determined Sensitivity

Test System Wave by an Adjoining

Ref~exion PETN

of a Gaseous

Detonation

at 1.Og/cm a Primed

by Two Explosives Plane

Detonability Pattern

Limits in the Charge Diameter-Porosity (TNT & Ammonium Perchlorate )

D190 D191 D192 D193 D197 D199 D200 D200 D201

of Detonation Velocity vs Porosity Curves at Various Charge Diameters (HBX- 1 & Ammonium Perchlorate) Caused by Grinding of Various the Material Explosives

Shift of Detonability Limits (TNT & Dynamon) Effect of Density

on Shock Sensitivity from a Narrow of Critical

Transition Cartridge

of Detonation for Determination of Explosion vs Length

Tube to a Wider Tube Length

Development Critical Critical Critical

in a Charge of TNT of Detonator of Detonator of Diameter of Detonator

Length Length

vs Diameter

Length vs Relationship to Diameter of Charge

D201

I

XXII

Detonation,

Explosion

and Related

Subjects

(Centd)

Page D202 D220

Characteristic Detonation Build-Down

Pattern

of Isotherms

of High Explosive and Fac:ing of Detonation in Balllstite

D224 D225

Decay of Shock Waves Steady Plane Detonation in a Solid Explosive Detonation CJ Point with Nozzle of Nitroglyce Theory tin Resistance

D230 D236 D236 D243 D243 D247

Flow Behind Pressure Comparison

a Chapman-Jouguet

in Rarefaction

Wave Behind Theory

of Curved-Front

End-On Photograph Comparison

of the Detonation

of Performance Element Probes

of Cu & Al Pressure-Type

Charge Configuration the Ionization Typical

Used to Compare Probe System

Pressure

Probe System with

D248

Test Vessel Configuration Used for Initiation Studies of Liquid Explosives in the (p,V) Diagram

and Growth

D249

Isothermal

D269 D279

Arrangement for Delivery of Plane Shock Wave and for Measuring Shock -Wave Velocities Arrangement General for Initiating and Measuring Heat-Filter Weak Shock Waves (SPHF) Initiation

D281 D316

Setup for Shock-pass of Explosives Scale Gap Test (LSGT)

Large

Assembly of the Shock

D319 D319

Experimental Assembly for the Measurement Attenuation in Lucite and Water The Naval Ordnance Laboratory

Gap Test for Solids

D321 D323 D323

Drop Charge Used in Skid Test at LASL Target Used in Skid Test at LASL vs Gap Calibration Gap-Test Curve

L SGT Pressure NOL Modified

D324 D327 D328 D328 D329

Arrangement t Used by M.~. Chick

Small Scale Gap Test Assembly High Pressure Detonation Vessel

with Gap Test Assembly Measurement Assembly

Build-Up

XXIII

Detonation,

Explosion and

Related

Subjects

(Centd)

Page

Build-Up

to Detonation

in Coarse Assembly

HMX Compacts Used by J. Eadie Test System

D329 D329 D330 D331 D331

Small Scale Gap Test Direct Shooting Barrier Contact Test Test

Detonation

Sensitivity

Bomb Disposal Perpendicular Cylindrical Test Critical

Gap Test Gap Test Arrangement

D332 D332 D333 Driver Explosive Length D333 D333 D334

Gap Test Arrangement Showing Velocity Method of Initiating

Arrangement Impact

as a Function

of Explosive

Mod I Susan Projectile Mod I Susan Projectile Muzzle-Loaded rhe Modified Projectile Gap Test System for Analysis of the Structure of a Shock Wave Early Deformation l-Type 2 Tests

D334 D335 D336 D336 D337 D338 Setup D338 D340 D341

for Type

The Underwater Diagram Schematic Schematic Schematic

of the Principle Diagram Diagram Diagram

of the Instrumentation of the Experimental of a Transducer

Test Instrumentation Schematic Experimental The CompIete Diagram of PHERMEX

D342 D343 D344

Geometry SSGT Setup Line of a Blast Contour in Air

Fanno Line and Rayleigh Cross-Sectional Rayleigh-Mikhel Apparatus Diagram son Line

D348 D350 D354

for Determination Limits in Gases

of Detonation

(or Explosion)

D361

The Phenomenalistic Unconfined

Steady-State Detonation Cylindrical Charge

Head in an

D364

I

XXIV

Detonation,

Explosion

and Related

Subjects

(Centd)

Page

Impact Initiation

Sensitivity

of High Explosives

Using

PA Apparatus Double-Base Propellant of (HPDB)

D392 D405 D405

f Detonat n in a High-Performance, ?ype Propellant Type

Propagation of Detonation in an HPDB Diminishing Diameter Propagation of Detonation Critical Diameter Detonation Clamping Propagation Development of an HPDB Device in an HPDB

Type Propellant

of

D406

Propellant

in a Self Sealing Vessel Inserted

Pressure

Vessel

D407 D407

with Pressure

of Detonation of Detonation

in a Conical Head

Charge of Granular

TNT

D408 D419 D420

Radius-Time Diagram of the Formation of Shock Waves by the Detonation of a Spherical Charge Typical Schematic Luminosity Luminosity Luminosity Luminosity Glass High-Speed Diagram Camera Photograph of Optical System

D425 D427 D427 D427 D428 Rod of Tetryl D430 D432 D432 D435 D437 D447 D447 D447 in Lined-Cavity Chacge D448 D449 D450 D450 D454

Curve for PETN Curve for Tetryl Curve for TNT Wave Form from a Stepped Thru a Tetryl to a Tetryl

Wafer Passing

Charge

Glass Wafer Passing Mach Reflection Ruby Laser

Charge

of Shock Wave

Shaped Charge and Target Shaped Charge and Target Comparison Various Special of Action of Charges Process

Stages of Detonation

Forms of Shaped Charges of Steel by Lined Charge Shaped Charge

Pe netration Lined Family Cavity

of Hugoniot Curves with Rayleigh-Mikhelson Lines for a C-J Detonation and for a Strong and Weak Detonation

xxv

Detonation,

Explosion

and Related

Subjects

(Centd)

Page

A Rankine-Hugoniot Diagram Showing of the Differential Equation A Cross Plot of the Rankine-Hugoniot

the Shock Solution

D455

Diagram Types of

D456 D 456

A Schematic Illustration of the Three Possible Solutions of the Detonation Equations Von Neumann Jones Nozzle Alternate Pathological in Detonation Showing SP.HF Initiation Weak Detonation

D458 D458 of Composition Initiation of B D459 D462

Frames

Experimental Arrangement for Oblique Explosives hy a Metal Plate

Impact

one-Dimensional Precursor Shock Mechanism Deflagration to Detonation in Solids Evidence of Conduction Arrangement Between Effects

of Transition

from

D481

that Occur During

Detonation, of Detonation

D487 D487 D493 D496 D501. D517

Experimental Relationship Progress

for Determination and Temperature

of Pressure

Density Through

of Detonation

of Detonation

a Column of Explosive Detonation

Development Flow

of Detonation Normal

Head in an Ideal Shock to Metal

in a Steady,

Shock Transmission

from Explosive

Plate

D521 D522

Shock Tube Representation Time-Distance Piston, Plot Showing the Location and Shock Wave Eq~lipment of the Rarefaction Wave,

D523

Shock Tube and Charging Diaphragm Formation Decay Assembly

D525 D525 D530 D531 D533 D535

of a Shock Wave

of Shock Waves Angles of Shock Waves

Detachment

Shock Velocity V* versus S and Average Velocity Vi* versus S for Propagation by Influence in Air for a Straight Dynamite and 65/35 Tetrytol Space-Time Diagram of the Spherical Taylor Wave

D556 D557

Spin Detonation

I

XXVI

Detonation,

Explosion

and Related

Subjects

(Centd)

Page

Two Methods of Graphical of Explosives Apparatus of Lambrey

Presentation

of Chemical

Decomposition

D572

for Testing

Chemical

Stability

of Explosives

D573 D576

Flow in a Strong Detonation Two Possible Weak Detonation Solutions for Given P and U. ,po

D577 D578 D583 D604

Flow in a Chaprnan-Jouguet Explosion Flame Temperature

Detonation

Test Apparatus Duct Products with Sections and Weak

Frost

in a Constant-Area

Hugoniot

Curve Ht 1)= Jf 1J of Reaction

D606

Corresponding to Strong, Chapman-Jouguet, Detonations and Deflagrations Hugoniot Correlation Threshold Curve H( 1j= J(1), Rayleigh-Mikhel of Explosives by a(v) Equation versus son Lines of State Ratio

and Adiabats

D607 D613

Ignition Pressure p: Ignition of Propellants Arrangement vs Detonation Density Diameter Curves Curves Detonation Detonation of Critical of Detonation

Hz /02

for

D623 D626

Wedge-Test

Charge Diameter Velocity Velocity

Velocity

of RDX of Density for HBX and Tritonal

ca l. Og/cc

D642 D647 D647 D648 D648

(D) versus (D) versus

(p ~) Curves

(d) or D(d) Curves

for HBX and Tritonal

Velocity-Diameter Velocity-Diameter Relationship: Relationship: Relationship Relationship

for Some Military

Explosives Explosives Density A

for Some Commercial Velociry Velocity Diameter Velocity

(D) vs Relative vs Density vs Density

D649 D 549

of Charge of Pressed TNT for

D650 D650

and Diameter 1.53g/cc

of Charge

50/50 Amatol Influence

of Density

of Diameter and Particle Detonation Velocity Velocity vs Density

Size of a Charge on its

D651

Detonation Typical

of Cheddite for AN-Combustible Mixtures

D651 D652

Velocity-Density Curves in Small Diameter Diameter vs Density

Critical

of Charge

D652

XXVII

Detonation, Critical

Explosion

and Related

Subjects

(Centd)

Page

Diameter Velocity

vs Density vs Density

of 50/50 Amatol of Charge for 50/50 Amatol Visualization 30-mm Diameter of Explosive Flow

D652 D652 D661 D662 D664

Detonation Experimental

Arrangement - Cylindrical

for Direct Charge

( x,t) Diagram %~ ~ Density InfIuence

in Mixture

with Oxygen VeIocity of 2H2 +0 ~ of a Gelatin Diagram

vs Detonation of Aging

D665 D667 D669 D669 in a Charge D677

on High and Low Velocity of Ionization for Ionization

Experimental Electronic Pressure

Arrangement Circuit Diagram

Probing Probing

Profile of a Detonation of Finite Extent Steady-State Velocity

Wave Occurring

One-Dimensional Chapman-Jouguet Derivation Experimental Photographic Development

Detonation

in a Solid Explosive Waves VeIocity Detonation Waves Waves

D678 D680 D680 D685 D686 D694

of Detonation

of the Chapman-Jouguet Arrangement Arrangement of Detonation

Detonation Oblique Detonation

for Obtaining for Oblique Head

The Phenomenalistic Unconfined Representative Variation Variation Straight Hugonioti Hugoniot Hugoniot Sectional Plots

Steady-State Detonation Cylindrical Charge of Reduced Data Showing

Head in an

D695

Sphericity

of Wave Front

D696 D698 D698 D702 D705

of Wave Shape with Charge Length of Wave Shape with Charge Length Characteristics Curve H(l)= Curve H(l= and Particle Jf * J of Reaction J(*), Paths

in Ideal Detonation in Nonideal in a Simple Detonation Wave

Products son Lines 6) and Adiabats

Rayleigh-Mikhel Conditions

D706 D707 D708

Curve for Final

pz, 72 (Point

Diagram of the Steady Detonation Wave from the Standpoint of an Observer Accompanying the Wave Diagram of Cylindrically Symmetric Flow in a Detonation Wave, with Coordinate System at Rest in the Detonation Front Diagram of a Spherically Symmetric Zone of a Detonation Wave Flow in the Steady

Schematic

D711

Schematic

D712

I

XXVIII

Detonation,

Explosion

and Related

Subjects

(Centd)

Page

Prandtl-Meyer

Flow

within

a Steady

Detonation

Zone

D713 D713

Flow in a Steady Detonation Zone with Turbulent Boundary Layer, with Coordinate System at Rest in the Shock Front Typical Velocity Typical Dual-Velocity Trace Traces for Cap Initiated, TNT Mixtures in Loose Tetryl and EDNA

D7~3 D720 D721

for Coarse,

Low-Density Curves

Velocity-Density Small Diameter

for An-Combustible

Cannon Pressure-Time Photograph of a Zebra in Salt ZonesDetonators, Used

Curve for Fine PETN Charge, Showing Intense Luminosity

D722 D730

Igniters, for

Primers,

and Other and Military

initiating Purposes

Devices

Nonmilitary

Dynamite Dynamite Priming Priming Indirect Neoprene

Primer Electric of Dynamite of Dynamite Priming Primer Charges Charges Fired with Caps and Safety Fired with Electric Explosives Detonator) Detonator Detonators Charge Blasting Fuses Caps

D734 D734 D736 D736 D737 D738 D738 D739 D739 D740 D741 Detonators D742 D743

of Permissible (Electric

Plug Assembly Fusehead of British Delay

Low-Tension Two Types British British

for Electric Electric Detonator Delay

Electric Electric

with an Intermediate

Short Delay of Events Firing

Detonator Detonators of Electric

The Sequence Theory Activator Two Types Earliest Earlier

in Firing

of Series Ml

with Two Types

of Baffles

D744 D754 D754 of Sweden Type) Type) D755 D768 D768

Method of Initiation Types of Paper Cartridges of Gustavus Fuse Fuse Igniter Igniter Adolphus Ml (Friction

Paper Cartridge Time Blasting

Time Blasting

M2 (Weatherproof

XXIX

Detonators, Used

Igniters, for Nonmilitary

Primers,

and Other

Initiating

Devices

and Military

Purposes

(Centd)

Page

Time Blasting Delay Pull Type Type

Fuse Igniter Firing Device Device

M60 (Weatherproof MI

Type)

D769 D769 D770

Firing

Ml Ml MIA1 M2 M3 M5

Release Pressure

Type Firing Type Firing Type Type

Device Device

D771 D771 D771 D772 D773 D773 Shell D774 D776 Fire obturated Guns Guns Primer D777 D778 D778 D779 D780 D781 D782 D782 D783 D784 D784 D785 D785 Cannons XM546 D786 D787

Pull-Friction Pull-Release Pressure-Release Ram-Jet Igniter

Firing Firing Type

Device Device Firing

Device

Engine

Igniter

Ml 14 (45-Second)

Composition Primers

in Armor-Piercing-Tracer for Small Arms Ammunition Components Ammunition Ammunition Using M54AI Mk2

Percussion

Small Arms Cartridge 37-mm HE-T, 40-mm HEI-T, 75-mm AP-T 75-mm APC-T 76-mm Canister SD Fixed

Center

for Automatic

SD Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed

& Mk 11 for Automatic

Ammunition Ammunition

M338A1 for Gun Cannons M61AI for Gun Cannons

Ammunition

M363 for Gun Cannons M331 Series for Gun Cannons

76-MM HVAP-DS-T 90-mm APC-T 90-mm HEAT 90-mm HVAP-T 105-mm APDS-T 105-mm HEAT-T Fixed Fixed

Fixed

Ammunition

Ammunition Ammunition Ammunition

M82 for Gun Cannons M348A1 (Tl 08E46) for Gun Cannons M332A1 for Gun Cannons M392A2 for Gun Cannons M456 Series for Gun Cannons Cannons

Fixed

Semifixed Semifixed

Ammunition Ammunition

105-mm HE Semifixed

Ammunition

Ml for Howitzer

105-mm HE, RA Semifixed

Ammunition

XM548 for Howitzer Semifixed

105-mm APERS-T (Antipersonnel-Tracer) for Howitzer Cannons 152-mm HEAT-T-MP 152-mm TP-T 57-mm Canister Fixed Fixed Fixed Ammunition

Ammunition

XM409E3

for Gun Cannon M81

D788 D789 D790

Ammunition Ammunition

XM411E3 T25E5

for Gun Cannon-M81 for Recoilless Rifles

xxx

Detonators, Used for

Igniters, NonmiIitary

Primers,

and Other

Initiating

Devices

and Military

Purposes

(Centd) Rifles Rifles

Page

75-mm HEAT-T 90-mm A/P

Fixed

Ammunition Fixed

M309A1 for Recoilless

D790 D790 D791

Canister Fixed Fixed

Ammunition

XM590 for Recoilless Rifles Rifles

105-mm HEAT 106-mm HEAT Primers Primer

Ammunition Ammunition Propellants Propellants

for Recoilless

M344A 1 for Recoilless in Fixed and Semifixed Rifles

D792 D793 D794 D794 D795

for Igniting for Igniting

Ammunition

in Recoilless

Ammunition

Comparison Combination

of Electric of Electric

Primer with Percussion and Percussion Ammunition

Primer

Primer Mkl 5 Mod 2 for

Separate-Loading Propelling Percussion

Charge M19 for 155-mm Separate-Loading Primer Ammunition hflr244 for Igniting Propellant

Gun Ammunition in Separate-Loading

D796 D796

Percussion

Primer M82 for Igniting Ammunition Primers

Propellant

in Separate-Loading

D796

Percussion

M2, M27 & M39AI

Used in Demolition

Devices

D797 D797 D798 D799 D800 D800 D802 D803

and Land Mines 60-mm Mortar Cartridge Primer and Ignition Being Fired for 60-mm Mortar

Cartridge

High-Explosive Primers

Round for 60-mm Mortar Cartridges for 81-mm Mortar

and Ignition

High-Explosive High-Explosive Ignition Cartridge

Round M374 for 81-mm Mortar Round M329 for 4,2-inch P:imer M2 Type Delay Delay 15-second Delay Mortar M30

Concussion Friction Friction Percussion Special Special

Detonator

Ml, Delay

D804 D804 D805 D805 D806 D807 Wire D808 D808

Detonator Detonator

M2, 8-second Ml, 1~-second

Detonator

M1A2 (MIE1), Caps Cap M6

Military Military

Nonelectric Electric

Medium Energy

EBW Detonator

w/Wollaston

EBW Plug (HV- 1) Modified

for Very High Voltage

I

XXXI

Detonators, Used

Igniters, for Nonmilitary

Primers,

and Other

initiating

Devices

and Military

Purposes

(Centd)

Page

EBW Detonator EBW Detonator Typica Typical

Design

for High Voltage Increasing Projectile

Application Bore W/O Tracer Projectile

D809 D809 D814 D815 D816 Charge D817 D817

with Stepwise Explosive)

1 HE (High HE-T

(High-Explosive-Tracer) w/Suppl Charge

Typica1 HE Projectile

175-mm HE, M437A2 Projectile 175-mm Propelling 280-mm HE Projectile 280-mm Propelling Typical Typical Typical Typical Typical HEAT-T AP-T APC-T AVAP-T Canister Charge

with Supplementary

M86A1 Charge

M124 (TI 22E4) w/Suppl Charge M43

D818 D818

(High-Explosive,

Antitank-Tracer) Projectile Capped-Tracer)

Projectile

D819 D820

(Armor-Piercing-Tracer) (Armor-Piercing, (Hypervelocity, Projectile Projectile

Projectile Proj ectile

D820 D821 D822

Armor-Piercing-Tracer)

155-mm Illuminating Illuminate Canister

M118 Series

for Howitzer M485

Cannons

D822 D823

for 155-rmn Projectile

120-mm WP-T (White Phosphorus-Tracer) (T16E4) (Burster Type) Typical BE (Base-Ejection)

Smoke Projectile

M357

D824

Smoke Projectile Smoke Projectile XM631 M121A1 (Bag) Charge (Bag) Charge M204A2 M21s M217 Fuze Ml 16

D825 D825 D826 D827 D828 D828 D830 D830 D831 D832 >832 D833

155-mm BE (Base-Ejection) 155-mm CS Tactical 155-mm VX Persistent 75-mm Blank 75-mm Blank Fragmentation Fragmentation Fragmentation Illuminating Cartridge Cartridge Projectile

Gas Projectile w/Single w/IIouble Pellet Pellet

Hand Grenade Mk 2 w/Fuze Hand Grenade M26 w/Fuze Hand Grenade M26A2 w/Fuze

Hand Grenade MK 1 w~Delay HC, AN-M8 w/Fuze HEAT, M31 w/Fuze

Ignition M201A1 M211

Smoke Hand Grenade, Antitank Rifle Grenade

I

XXXII

Detonators, Used

Igniters, for Nonmilitary

Primers,

and Other

Initiating

Devices

and Military

Purposes

(Centd)

Page

Smoke Rifle Rifle

Grenade,

WP, M19A1 w/Fuze M3 & M4 M1A2 M2A1 Trains

MID

D834 D835 D835 D836 D838

Grenade Cartridges, Projection Projection of Elements Trains

Grenade Grenade Diagram Explosive

Adapter, Adapter,

of Explosive

in Fixed

Round of Artillery Position)

Ammunition

D839 D840 D841 D842 D844 D845 D846 D847 D847 D848 DB48 D849

Base Fuze MK 21 (Assembled Base Fuze Mk 21 (Firing Examples of Flash Types

Position)

Type Fuze Detonators of Stab Fuze Detonators

Two General Typical Navy

US Army Fuze Detonators Electric Detonator Detonator Detonator Detonator Detonator Detonator Mk 46 Mod O Mk 51 Mod O M36 M48 T20E1 T65 T62

Navy Electric Army Electric Army Electric Army Electric Electric Delay

Button-Type Typical

Electric

Detonator

D850 D850 D851 D852 D852 D853 D853 D855 D855 Fuze Primer D856 D858 D859

Stab Fuze Primer

Army and Navy Stab Fuze Prime~s Navy Fuze Primer Navy Mk 101 Mod O

Fuze Primer Mk 105 Mod O M29 New No 4

Army Fuze Primer Army Fuze Primer, Navy Electric

Fuze Primer Mk 112 Mod O Fuze Primer Mk 12:1 Spray Metal Elements Electric

Navy Electric

Navy Experimental

Army and Navy Delay

and Delays Column Type with Baffle

Navy Delay Element, Obturated (in Firing Position)

,

.

XXXIII

Detonators, Used for

Igniters, Nonmilitary

Primers,

and Other

Initiating

Devices

and. Military

Purposes

(Centd)

Page

Navy Delay Element, Navy Delay Army Delay Army Delay Army Delay Vented Pressure Pressure Obturated Element, Element, Element, Element,

Obturated Obturated Obturated obturated Obturated Ring or Train Delay Delay

Column, Column Column

W/O Baffle Type wjth Baffle Type, W/o Baffle W/O Baffle with Baffle

D859 D860 D860 D861 D861 D862 D862 D863 D864

COI umn Type, Column Type,

Time Delay Type, Type,

W~O Baffle with Baffle with Baffle

Vented Vented

Element, Element

Gasless Delay Element Percussion Detonator 0.10 Second Flash 0.02 Second Delay Detonator Delay

for 4 to 6 Seconds

Flame

Initiated

Delay Detonator

Detonator

D864 D865 D866 D866

Stab-Initiated Electric Obturated Typical Gasless Delay

Mk 35 Mod 1 Element Gasless Delay Elemeni

Gasless

4-5 Second Non-Obturated Electric Fuze Primer Primer

D867 D868 D868 D870

Mk ~15

Experimental Relay

DeIay

Detonator of Lead-In and Lead-Out Armed Position of a Lead In a Firing Lead Cup in Fuze Bulkhead in Fuze Bulkhead Lead and thea Flanged Pin in the Firing Train.

Location

D870

Location

D871 D871 D871 D871 D872 D872 D876 D877 Fuze Mk 44 D878 D878

Army Pre-Flanged

Army Lead Cup Inserted Navy Lead Cup Placed Non-Cup Scoring Booster Booster Booster Booster

Type or Open-Type

the Wail of the Lead Hole Assembly Assembiy Assembly Assembly for i3D Fuze, for BD Fuze, for Auxiliary Mk 21 M60 Detonating

for Bomb Fuze,

AN-M103A1

I

XXXIV

Detonators, Used

Igniters, for Nonmilitary

Primers,

and Other

Initiating

Devices

and Military

Purposes

(Centd)

Page

Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Flize, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze,

Igniting

M74

D885 D887 M5 IA1 D889 D890 D892 D893 M65A1 of Navys Mk 1) D894 D895 D896 D897 D898 D899 D900 D901 D903 Position) Poxition) D905 D906 D907 D911 Trains) D912 D912 D913 D914 D914 D915 D916 D918 Fuze MIA1 for Demolition Snake M3 D919 D926 D926 D927 D927

PD, SQ Mk 27 PD, SQ-Delay PD M52A1 PD, TSQ, M54 PD, M56 Time (Fixed),

PD, M7> (Modification TSQ, M77 PDCP, Time, M78 M84

PD, M89 PI, M90A1 PD, M503A1 PD, M557 PD, XM593 (Unarmed PD, XM593 (Armed MT, M43A4 MTSQ, M548 MTSQ, M548 (Explosive MTSQ, M564 BD, M58 BD, M66A2 BD, M72

Fuze, BD, M91A1 Fuze, Fuze, Typical Bullet PIBD, M530A1

BD, M578 VT Artillery Impact Fuze, Section Fuze, Fuze,

Longitudinal Hand Grenade Hand Grenade

of Projected M21. 5 M217

Charge M3A1 at Fuze MIA1

Xxxv

Detonators, Igniters, Primers, and Other Initiating Devices Used for Nonmilitary and Military Purposes (Centd)

Page

Hand Grenade Antipersonnel Antipersonnel Antipersonnel Antitank Heavy Light,

Fuze,

M201A1 Mine Fuze M6AI Mine Fuze, M605

D928 D929 D930 D931 D931 Fuze, Fuze, M603 M603 D932 D932 D934 D935 D936 D937 D938 D939

Mine, NM, M14 w/Integral Mine, M2A4 w/Mine Fuze,

Mine, M16 w/Combination M603 (T17E2)

Mine Fuze, Antitank HE, A/T

Mine, M6A2 w/Mine Mine M7A2 w/Mine

10oo-lb SAP Bomb, AN-M59A1 90-Ib Frag Bomb, M82 260-lb Frag Bomb, AN-M88 GP Bomb (Old Series) GP Bomb (New Low-Drag Low-Drag Low-Drag Series)

GP Bomb GP Snakeye GP Snakeye I Bomb (With Fin-Assembly I Bomb (With Fin-Assembly Closed) Open)

D940 D940 D941 D942 D943 D945 D946 D947 D948 D948 D949 D950 D951

4-lb TH3 Inc Bomb, M126 10-lb PT 1 Inc Bomb, M74A1

100-lb Inc Bomb, AN-M47A4 750-lb Fire Bomb, M116A2 Bomb, Mk 78 Mod 2

750-lb Fire

1000-Ib Fire Bomb, Mk 79 Mod 1 Fire Bomb, BLU Series (Components)

100-lb PWP (or WP) Smoke Bomb, AN-M47A4 100-lb Nonpersistent 750-lb Gas Bomb, Ml 25A1 Gas Bomb, MC-1

GB Nonpersistent

350-lb Depth Bomb, AN-Mk 54 Mod 1 Photoflash Photoflash Photoflash 100-lb Aircraft Aircraft Cartridge, Cartridge, Cartridge, Ml 12A1 (1, 2 & 4-Second M123A1 (2-Second M123A1 (4-Second Delay) Delay) Delay)

D952 D952 D953 D954 D955 D957

Photoflash Parachute Parachute

Bomb, Ml 22 Flare, Flare, M26A1 (AN-M26) M26A1 (Operation)

I

XXXVI

Detonators, Igniters, Primers, and Other Initiating Devices Used for Nonmilitary and Military Purposes (Centd)

Page

Aircraft Aircraft

Signal, Signal,

Illumination,

Double

Star, Red-Red,

AN-M3;A1

D959 D960 D961 D962

Smoke and illumination, AN-M1A2

AN-Mk 6 Mod 3

100-lb Frag Bomb Cluster, Cluster-Adapter, AN-MlA3

100-lb Frag Bomb Cluster, 500-lb PT1 750-lb 1000-lbInc

M28A 1 M31 M35 M34A1 (or M34) Version for

D963 D964 D964 D965 D965 D966 D967 D968 D970 D971 D972 D974 D975 D977 in Igniter M15) D977 D978 D980 D982 D983 D985

Bomb Cluster,

PT1 Inc Bomb Cluster, GB Nonpersistent

Gas Bomb Cluster,

Gas Bomb Cluster, M34A1 (Converted to Streamlined External Stowage on Aircraft) Cluster Adapters M25, M26 & M29 (Gas Chamber Fin Assembly Removed) Adapter, M30

Closure

Cap and

750-lb Cluster

Bomb Nose Fuze, Bomb Nose Fuze, Bo,nb Nose Fuze, Bomb Nose Fuze, Bomb Nose Fuze, Bomb Nose Fuze, Bomb Nose Fuze, Bomb Nose Fuze, Bomb Nose Fuze, Bomb Tail Bomb Tail Bomb Tail Bomb Tail Bomb Tail Bomb Tail Bomb Tail Fuze, Fuze, Fuze, Fuze,

AN-M103AI AN-Mk 219 Mk 243 Mod O M904E 2 M197 AN-Ml 59 M157 M157 (Installed AN-M173A1 AN-M1OOA 1 Ml 15 AN-Mk 228 M123A1 (operation)

Fuze, M123Al Fuze, Fuze, Ml 32 M906

D986 D987 D989

Bomb Nose MT Fuze, Bomb Nose MT Fuze, Bomb Nose Mt Fuze, Bomb Nose (or Tail)

AN-M146A1 AN-M136A1 M155A1 MT Fuze,

(Unarmed) (Armed)

D991 D992 D994

M907

D995

XXXVII

Detonators, Used

Igniters, Primersr and Other Initiating Devices for Nonmilitary and Military Purposes (Centd)

Page

Bomb Nose Proximity Bomb Nose Proximity Bomb Tail Bomb Tail Hydrostatic Hydrostatic

(VT) Fuzes (VT) Fuze,

(Ring Type and Bar Type) AN-MI(56

D996 D997 D999

Fuze, Fuze, Ml 29 M130

AN-Mk 230 AN-Mk 230 (Comparison of Boosters)

D1 000 D1OO1 D1OO2

Bomb Nose MT Fuze, Bomb Nose MT Fuze,

Bomb Nose MT Fuze, Ml 31A1 (Cross Section Pyrotechnic Pyrotechnic Bomb Tail Bomb Tail Bomb Tail Bomb Nose Fuze, Bomb Nose Fuze, Adapter-Booster, Adapter-Booster, Adapter-Booster, AN-M146A1

and Detail

of operation)

D1OO4 D1OO6

AN-Ml 36A1 (Arming

Mechanism)

D1OO7 DIO1l D1011 D1012 D1012 DIO12 D1013 DI013 D1013 D1014 D1014 DI015 D1015 D1016 D1017 D1017

Ml 02A1 Ml 15A1 Ml 17

Bomb Adapter-Booster, Bomb Adapter-Booster, Bomb Auxiliary Bomb Auxiliary Booster,

M126A1 (T45E1) T46E4 Mk 1 Mod O

Boo:~ter, Mk 4 Mod O M14 M16 M9, T5E3 & T6E4

Bomb Primer-Detonator, Bomb Primer-Detonator, Bomb Delay Bomb Burster, Bomb Burster, Bomb Igniter, Bomb Igniter, Bomb Igniter, Practice Practice Elements, AN-M18 C8R1 AN-M9 AN-M16 AN-M23A1

Bomb Signals, Bomb Signal, Charge,

Mk 4 Mods 3 & 4 Mk 6 Mod O (With Fuze) M39A1 (Various (Various Types) Types)

D1018 D1OI8 D1OI9 D102O D102O D1021 D1022 D1022

Bomb Spotting

Bomb Arming-Wire Bomb Arming-Vane

Assemblies Assemblies

Bomb Fin Assemblies Bomb Fin Assemblies Fin Assemblies

(Box Type) (Conical Type) Clusters

for Chemical

1

XXXVIII

Detonators, Igniters, Primers, and Other Initiating Devices Used for Nonmilitary and Military Purposes (Centd)

Page

Boml> Fin Assemblies Bomb Initiators, Ignition Carttidge

(Retarding

Type)

D1022 DI023 D1029 D103O

FMU-7/B M2A1

& FMU-7A/B

M2 Ignition Schematic Sterilizable Assembly Test

Cartridge Arrangement Igniter

Primer of Latest Hajecks Ignition Device

D1042 D1052

for Audiometer

Method and Stab Detonators Primers Primers Detonator in Plastic Holder

D1073 D108O D1082 D1083 D1084 D1085 Primers D1086 D1088

Set Mk 136 Mod O for Stab Primers

Test Set Mk 135 Mod O for Percussion Test Set Mk 173 Mod O for Percussion Detai 1 of Lead Disk Mounting Stauchapparat, Without Below

Protective

Cylinder Stab and Electric

Test Set Mk 172 Mod 1, for Percussion, Initiator Output Test Fixture

XXXIX

SUPPLEMENT GIVEN IN VOL

TO ABBREVIATIONS, 1, pp Abbr 1 to 65; VOL

CODE NAMES AND SYMBOLS 2, p IX, AND VOL 3, pp IX to X

ACI, REL

Atlas Chemical Industries, Laboratory, Tamaqua, Pa Association Bruxelles, Aluminized des Fabricants Belgium Explosives 44/32.

Reynolds

Experimental

AFBE

Beiges

dExplosifs,

ALEX Alex ATWB 20

RDX/TNT/Al/Wax

2./19 .8/4.0 Laboratory, EgIin AFB,

Symbol for US Air Force Armament Florida 32542

ATWR

Symbol for US Air Force Directorate of Armament velopment, Eglin AFB, Florida 32542 Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston, Berkshire, England

De-

AWRE

BMEWS BTNEN

Ballistic

Missile

Early

Warning System

Bis(2,2,2-trinitroethy

l)-nitramine

ChA

Commissariats a 1 ~nergie Paris, France Centre d I$tudes

Atomique,

Sevran (93) &

CiG CER CFSTI

de Gramat, Gramat (Lot), Research,

France Pa

Combustion

and Explosives

Inc, Pittsburgh,

Clearinghouse for Federal, Information, US Department 22151 Colloidal APL Lead Azide

Scientific, and Technical of Commerce, Springfield,

Va

CLA CPIA,

(See VO1 1, p A558) Physics Spring, Md

Chemical Propulsion Information Agency, Applied Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Silver

CRIPE

Centre de Recherches pour 1 Industrie des Produits Explosifs, Val du Bois (Steerbeek, Brabant), BeIgium

DAD

Directorate of Armament Florida 32542

Development

(ATWR),

Eglin

AFB,

I

XL

DASA

Defense Atomic Support Agency, Washington, DC or DATB 1, 3-Diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Diaminobenzene and Derivatives diaminobenzene [See also AMCP Dextrinated Colloidal Lead Azide Center,

The Pentagon,

DATNB

described in Vol 5 under as 2,4,6-Trinitro-l, 3706-177 (March 1967) p95] (See Vol 1, p A558) Station,

DCLA DDC

Defense Documentation Alexandria, Va 221314 Deflagration

Cameron

DDT DEFA

to Detonation

Transition d Armament, Gramat

Direction des ~tudes (Lot), France Explosif

et Fabrication

{ D

85/1 5 RDX/TNT [Ref: C. .Fauquignon et al, 4th SympDeton (1965), P45, Fig 10]. NOTE: This compn is not to be con~~D7>which is Ammonium PiCrate fused with US Explosive Distant Early Warning

DEW DEW Line

A line of radar stations at ca 70th parallel on the North American Coniinent, undertaken in cooperation with the Canadian Government Deutsch-Fraz6sisch Franco-Allemand France Forschungsinstitut, St Louis or Institut de Recherches de Saint Louis (Haut Rhin)

DFFI

or IFAR

DIPAM

Dipicramide; 2,4,6, 2,4,6-Hexanitro-3, 3 -diaminobiphenyl; 2 ,4,6,2 t,4,6-Hexanitro-3, 3 -biphenyldiamine described in Vol 5 under Diaminobiphenyl, Nitrated Derivatives Dextrinated DuPont Lead Azide (See Vol 1, p A558) Gibbstown, NJ

or

DLA DPEL

Eastern

Laboratory,

EBC EBW EDB EDDN EED

Ensign-Bickford ExpIoding Bridge

Company, Wire

Simsbury,

Corm

Ethylriecaborane Ethylenediamine Electroexplosive Dinitrate Device

XLI

EIE

Exchanged Ion Explosive . A Belgian Safety Explosive consisting of NG 10 & stoichiometric .mixt of AN & KN 90% [Ref: 4th ONRSympDeton (1965), p 159-L] DuPont Company designation for the HE Dipicrylsulfone 2,4,t5,21,4~6-Hexanitrodiphenylsulfone, (02N)8CGH2S02C6 Explosives Pittsburgh, Research Pa Center, US Bureau of Mines, or H2(N0.J8

EL-511

ERC, BM

ESL

Engineering Sciences Dover, NJ 07801

Laboratory,

FRL,

Picatinny

Arsenal,

Estane

Trademark of Goodrich Chemical Company polyurethane [Ref: CondChemDict (1961),

for a thermoplastic p 450]

FFA FOBS FRL

F5rsvarets IAbbr

Forskningsanstslt. Bombing

See RIND (FFA) System Picarinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ

For Orbital Research

Felttnan

Laboratories,

H-6

American HE: RDX 45, TNT 30, Aluminum 20 & D-2 (desensitizer) 5% with 0.5% CaC12 added [See AMCP 706-177 (March 1967), p 147]

Hawk

US Army Surface-to-Air planes

Missile

for use against

low flying

HBX- 1

American HE: RDX 40, TNT 38, Aluminum 17 & D-2 (desentizer) 5% with O. 5% CaC12 added [See AMCP 706-177 (March 1967), p 156] .American HE: RDX 31, TNT 29, Aluminum 35 & D-2 (desensitizer) 5% with 0.5% CaC12 added [See AMCP 706-177 (March 1967), p 159] Hexanitrodipheny and Derivatives Hexanitrostilbene lamine [See in Vol 5 under Diphenylamine and in USP 3418372 (Dee 1968)] or Hexanitrodipheny lethyiene

HBX-3

HNDPhA

HNS or HNStb

ICBM IFAR

Intercontinental See DFFI

Ballistic

Missile

XLII

IITRI

Illinois Institute Chicago, 111 Oil

of Technology

Research

Institute,

IM Incendiary

Isobutyl Methacrylate Incendiary Oil, Type 1 has the following compn: gasoline 88.75, Isobutyl-methacry late, polymer AE 5.0, Calcium oxide 2.0 & Water 1.25% [Ref: TM 3-215/AFM 355-7 (Dee 1963), p 41]

LAMS LASL LHP , CNRS

Los Alamos Los Alamos

(Laboratory) Scientific

Manuscript Laboratory Pressions, Centre National de la Bellevue (Seine et Oise), France Sunnyvale, Calif

L aboratoire des Hautes Recherche Scientifique, Lockheed Link Calif Missile

LMsC LOD, GP

and Space Company, General

Ordnance

Division,

Precision,

Inc, Sunnyvale,

LRL,

UC

Lawrence Livermore, &

Radiation Calif

Laboratory,

University

of California,

LX-04-O LX-04-1

American HE: HMX 85 & Viton A (Trademark of DuPont Co fcr vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropy lene polymer) 15%. NOTE: Tne O & Cl denote specifications for HMX particle size HMX 90 & Viton A 10%

LX-07-O

Ml Thickener

A standard thickener known as Napalm. It is a mixed aIuminum soap in which ca 50% of the org acids are derived from coconut oil, 25% from naphthenic acids & 25% from oleic acid. When stirred into gasoline at a temp range from 16 to 29C, Ml swells until the entire vol of gasoIine becomes a more or less homogeneous gel [Ref: TM3-215/AFM 355-7(Dec 1963),P41] A standard (for Air Force only) incendiary oil thickener. It is an intimate mixt of Ml thickener 95 & devolatilized silica aerogel 5%. M2 thickener is an improvement over Ml, not only because of free-flowing & faster setting characteristics, but also because the thickener itself & ge 1 formed are more stable. It is used in fire bombs [Ref: TM 3-215/AFM 355-7 (Dee 1963), p 41] A standard incendiary oil thickener. It is a diacid aluminum soap of isooctanoic acids derived from isooctyl alcohol or

M2 Thickener

M4 Thickener

XLIIII

isooctyl aldehyde obtd from the oxidation of petroleum. It contains 2% of Santocel C or Attaclay SF which serves as an anti-agglomerant. About ~ the amt of M4 and about 1/10 mixing time is reqd for M4 thickener as compared to Ml thickener for fuels of comparable consistency. Fuels prepd with M4 thickener are superior in flame thrower firing performance with respect to range, burning & target effects, as compared with fuels prepd with orher thickeners [Ref: TM 3-215/AFM 355-7 (Dee 1963), P 41] h4inSAT Minimum Safe Air Travel. The shortest distance which a proximity fuze can travel thru the air without danger of causing detonation of a missile Milled Milled Ministry Buxton, Lead Azide Lead Styphnate of Power, England Safety in Mines Research Establishment,

MLA MLSt MP, SMRE

Nike

US Army Surface-to-Air Guided Missile, Nike-Hercules & Nike-Zeus Normal or USNMEL Lead Styphnate with NC lacquer Laboratory,

including

Nike-Aj

ax,

NLSt NMEL

Navy (US) Marine Md 20910 Nonanitroterphenyl

Engineering

Annapolis,

NONA NOSC Or USNOC

Naval (US) Ordnance Washin~on, DC

Systems

Command,

US Navy

Dept,

NP

Abbr for Napalm. Aluminum soap in powder gelatinize oil or gasoline for use in Napalm throwers. See also MI, M2 & M4 thickeners Naval Naval (US) Propellant Plant, Indian

form, used to bombs or flame

NPP or USNPP NWL or USNWL

Head, Md Va

(US) Weapons Laboratory,

Dahlgren,

PBX-901O PBX-901 1-02

RDX 90 & KelF

10Y