the end of the the end of the WarWar

Lincoln’s War PoliticsLincoln’s War Politics• military arrests of civiliansmilitary arrests of civilians• suspended habeas corpus (speedy trial)suspended habeas corpus (speedy trial)

““are all laws but one to go unexecuted, and the government itself go are all laws but one to go unexecuted, and the government itself go to pieces, lest that one be violated?” – Lincoln’s Address to to pieces, lest that one be violated?” – Lincoln’s Address to CongressCongress

• martial lawmartial law• ignored the Supreme Courtignored the Supreme Court

- Ex parte Merryman- Ex parte Merryman

- required Lincoln to release a Maryland - required Lincoln to release a Maryland secessionistsecessionist

Congressional PoliticsCongressional Politics• with no opposition Republicans pass with no opposition Republicans pass

laws they could not before the warlaws they could not before the war

1. Homestead Act 18621. Homestead Act 1862

2. Morrill Land Grant Act 18622. Morrill Land Grant Act 1862

3. raised tariffs3. raised tariffs

4. Transcontinental RR4. Transcontinental RR

5. National Banking Acts 1863-645. National Banking Acts 1863-64

Clement L. VallandighamClement L. Vallandigham• Congressman from OhioCongressman from Ohio• outspokenoutspoken• ran for governorran for governor• arrested May 1863arrested May 1863• Lincoln banished him to Lincoln banished him to

the Confederacythe Confederacy• ran his campaign from ran his campaign from

CanadaCanada• unanimously nominated unanimously nominated

by democratic partyby democratic party

Election of 1864Election of 1864

• Republican Republican Candidates: Abraham Candidates: Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Lincoln and Andrew

Johnson Johnson • Democrat Candidates: Democrat Candidates:

George B. McClellan George B. McClellan and George H. and George H.

PendletonPendleton

Why didn’t Lincoln suspend the Why didn’t Lincoln suspend the election in the name of war?election in the name of war?

• ““We cannot have free government without elections; We cannot have free government without elections; and if the rebellion could force us to forego or and if the rebellion could force us to forego or postpone a national election, it might fairly claim to postpone a national election, it might fairly claim to have already conquered and ruined us.”have already conquered and ruined us.”

• ““It seems exceedingly probable that this It seems exceedingly probable that this administration will not be re-elected. Then it will be administration will not be re-elected. Then it will be my duty to so co-operate with the president-elect as to my duty to so co-operate with the president-elect as to save the Union between the election and the save the Union between the election and the inauguration, as he will have secured his election on inauguration, as he will have secured his election on such ground that he cannot possibly save it such ground that he cannot possibly save it afterward.”afterward.”

Why did Lincoln Win the election?Why did Lincoln Win the election?• military victories military victories

including the including the capture of capture of AtlantaAtlanta

• Andrew Johnson- Andrew Johnson- broadens the broadens the ticketticket

EmancipationEmancipation• 1861 Confiscation Act1861 Confiscation Act

- all slaves used for insurrectionary purposes - all slaves used for insurrectionary purposes would be freewould be free

• 1862 abolished slavery in DC and W. territories1862 abolished slavery in DC and W. territories• Sept 22, 1862 announces preliminary Sept 22, 1862 announces preliminary

EmancipationEmancipation• Jan 1, 1863 Emancipation Proclamation issuedJan 1, 1863 Emancipation Proclamation issued• 1865 131865 13thth amendment amendment

““We must free We must free the slaves or be the slaves or be

ourselves ourselves subdued”subdued”

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

Confederate Currency, $10, 1861 A slave picking Confederate Currency, $10, 1861 A slave picking cotton is depicted. Backed by cotton and printed in cotton is depicted. Backed by cotton and printed in

excess, Confederate Currency quickly depreciated in excess, Confederate Currency quickly depreciated in value, becoming worthless. value, becoming worthless.

Postage Stamp, 1 cent, 1862-1863 Postage stamps, which served as a Postage Stamp, 1 cent, 1862-1863 Postage stamps, which served as a substitute for coins during the Civil War, were privately encased in brass substitute for coins during the Civil War, were privately encased in brass

with a mica shield to protect them from moisture. This stamp?s front with a mica shield to protect them from moisture. This stamp?s front features a portrait of Benjamin Franklin, while the reverse side shows the features a portrait of Benjamin Franklin, while the reverse side shows the

commercial endorsement of Drake?s Plantation. commercial endorsement of Drake?s Plantation.

William T. ShermanWilliam T. Sherman

• ““I will make this I will make this war as severe as war as severe as

possible, and show possible, and show no symptoms of no symptoms of

tiring, till the tiring, till the South Begs for South Begs for

mercy.” mercy.”

Sherman’s men destroy the railroad tracksSherman’s men destroy the railroad tracks

Columbia, South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina

Atlanta Georgia Atlanta Georgia in Ruinsin Ruins

Richmond Richmond Virginia In Virginia In

RuinsRuins

Ruins of Ruins of paper mill; paper mill;

wrecked wrecked paper-paper-making making

machinery machinery in in

foregroundforegroundRichmond, Richmond,

Va.Va.April 1865 April 1865

Lee Surrenders to GrantLee Surrenders to Grant• Robert E. Lee Robert E. Lee

surrounded, surrounded, exhausted and w/o exhausted and w/o suppliessupplies

• April 9, 1865 April 9, 1865 surrenderssurrenders

• Appomattox Appomattox Courthouse, VACourthouse, VA

The Mclean The Mclean home home

in Appomattox in Appomattox Court House, Court House,

Virginia was used Virginia was used on April 9th 1865 on April 9th 1865 for the surrender for the surrender meeting between meeting between General Robert General Robert E. Lee, C.S.A. E. Lee, C.S.A.

and Lt. General and Lt. General Ulysses S. Grant, Ulysses S. Grant,

U.S.A. U.S.A.

Results of the Civil WarResults of the Civil War• over 600,000 deadover 600,000 dead

- 500,000 wounded- 500,000 wounded

- 50,000 amputees- 50,000 amputees

• South lay in ruinsSouth lay in ruins

• Slaves are FreeSlaves are Free

• Reconstruction must beginReconstruction must begin