The End of World War I

1914-1918

Surrenders• Germany was the last of the Central Powers to surrender • November 1918

End of World War I

Great War is over

Armistice Day• 11th hour• Of 11th day• Of 11th month• 1918

• November 11, 1918

Treaties signed with Central Powers• 5 separate treaties

Russia• Only Allied power to lose territory• Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania became independent• Lost territory to Poland and Romania

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles• Treaty between Germany and Allied powers• Signed June 1919• Big Three made most of the decisions:• U.S., France, Great Britain• Russia not represented as in middle of Civil War• Germany and its allies not represented

Treaty of Versailles• Woodrow Wilson of U.S. wanted peace treaty based on his 14

points• Britain and France more concerned about their national

security and getting rid of Germany’s ability to wage war

Treaty of Versailles – end of WWI Signed June 1919

• The main points of the Treaty [BRAT]  

• 1.   Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war • 2.     Germany paid Reparations for the damage done during the war.

Versailles cont. .• 3.     Germany

was forbidden to have submarines or an air force.   She could have a very small navy, and an Army of just 100,000 men.  

Versailles

• 4.     Germany lost Territory (land) in Europe (see map). Germany’s colonies were given to Britain and France.

Versailles Treaty• Also created a League of Nations• International association• Goal: to keep peace among nations

Exit Slip• Was the Treaty of Versailles fair? Consider all the nations

affected. Write 2-3 paragraphs to answer this question.

Influenza Epidemic of 1918• Worldwide• Killed about 50

million people• Killed many at the

end of the Great War

Costs of War• Allied Powers: 42 million troops mobilized• Central Powers: 23 million troops mobilized

Some of the Battlefield Deaths• Germany: 1.7 million dead• Russia: 1.7 million dead• France 1.3 million dead• Austria-Hungary: 1.2 mil• British Empire: 908,000 • Italy: 650,000• Ottoman Empire: 325,000• United States: 116,000

Allied Powers Military Deaths

• http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/resources/casdeath_pop.html

Map of Europe Pre and Post World War 1

Map Pre and Post World War I• With a partner, answer these questions:• 1. Which Central powers appear to have lost a lot of

territory?• 2. On which nation’s former lands were most of the new

countries created?• 3. Name five countries that were created after World War

I.• 4. Were the land changes fair to all? Explain.

Post World War I

Outcomes of World War I: Death• Millions dead and

wounded. 8.5 million soldiers dead. 21 million wounded, many permanently disabled. • Countless civilians

dead from fighting, starvation and disease• Generation lost.

Outcomes of World War I: Economic Devastation• Economies of Europe

devastated. Large parts of France, Belgium and other parts of Europe destroyed• $37 billion estimated

damage• $200 billion to fight

war

Outcomes of World War I: Map of Europe Changes• New countries

created• Russian states

of Finland, Lithuania, Latvia and Poland gain independence

Outcomes of World War I: Downfall of Empires and Monarchies

• Austrian/Hungarian empire broken up• Separate countries of Austria, Hungary,

Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia formed. • Never again a major player in world politics

Outcomes of World War I: Downfall of Empires and Monarchies

• Ottoman Empire broken up• Turkey becomes independent• Allies carved up land that Ottoman Empire lost in

SW Asia into mandates• Great Britain took control of Palestine, Iraq and

Transjordan• France took control of Syria and Lebanon

Outcomes of World War I: Downfall of Russian Czar• One cause of the

Russian Revolution• Destroyed Russian

government• Communism as

government in Russia• Lost land

Germany

Lost all coloniesLost other areas in Europe, including Alsace Lorraine, Polish CorridorEconomy devastated more than anyone else

Outcomes: United States becomes world power• Tipped scale to end war• Became dominant power in the world• Became isolationist

Outcomes of World War I: League of Nations

• League of • Nations • Created• Goal to

settle disputes between nations• U.S. did not

join

Outcomes of World War I: Disillusionment• Laid groundwork for World War II• Created attitude that war had to be avoided at all costs• Anger from some countries who wanted independence such

as in Africa and Asia led to colonial revolts• Anger and resentment from the defeated, especially Germany