Radio As A means of Communication

The Era before Radio The communication was very slow before Radio.

When Christopher Columbus discovered America, the Queen Isabella received message after five months

In 1792, France had started ‘Sign Lights’

With this system they can

reach around 4800 km.

• With the help of 190 rely station, 400 horses & 80 riders they can cover 3100 km area of America. Within 10 days they can send post from east to west end.

Pony Express was the fastest communication style in America at that time

It was limited to America only.

So the new communication pattern was in need to start.

In 1823, Samuel Morse invented Telegraph.

It is also known as Morse Code

Telegraph became so much popular at that time

Wire was used for communication in telegraph.

It was its limitation to limit the communication

After some experiments he was able to send his waves up to 14 km.

The image shown here is the tower from where Marconi started wireless communication

Electro Magnetic Waves

In 1894, Italy reach family’s son Guglielmo Marconi had started experiments of wire less communication.

His first experiment in Briton was at the top of the General Post office Building. His waves were traveled 275 meters.

Jhon Fleming started

John Fleming who was at Imperial College London, had started experiments for making this waves more powerful & more clear. For this he had invented a Vacuum Tube.

Canadian scientist Dr. Lee De Forest made it more effective.

Dr. Forest broadcasted his speech form radio on 31st Dec. 1906.

In 1908 Dr. Forest Broadcasted a recorded music form the top Eiffel Tower, which was heard up to 500 miles.

When wireless communication started at that time people were using this informally, if some ships had installed instruments.

In 1910 US Congress passed a law under which every passenger ship must be using Radio Equipment and a trained Radio Operator.

David Sarnoff who received message of Titanic and rescued people, later on he had contributed a lot in the field of Development of Broadcasting.

Titanic sink in 1912.

At that time, becuase of the radio 700 lives were rescued

In World War US Government had taken charges from all wireless stations as it is the most powerful communication weapon

Government asked all companies to research & invent a instrument which can be use as a wireless telephone.

“Walkie- Talkie” is the first transmitter/ receiver that helped human talk with the walk

The name was given by Motorola SCR-300.

It was manufactured by Galvin Manufacturing company.

It was very much used

In 1897 wireless telegraph & signal co. ltd. was started.

It was the first electronic communication company .

In 1919 when The Radio Corporation of America established at that time all rights of American Marconi co. ltd. was purchased by RCA.

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

Broadcasting was introduced in India by amateur radio clubs in Calcutta, Bombay, Madras and Lahore, though even before the clubs launched their venture.

The Times of India records that a broadcast was transmitted from the roof of its building on August 20, 1921.

The first license granted for transmitting a broadcast was given on February 23, 1922.

The Radio Club of Calcutta was perhaps the first amateur radio club to start functioning in Nov-1924.

ALL INDIA RADIO’S RISE

The Government run broadcasting set up was called the India State Broadcasting Service (ISBS).

Fielden was its first Controller.

Interestingly, ISBS was set up under the Department of Industries and Labour.

Fielden brought All India Radio – a name thought up by him and then ISBS was turned into AIR in June 1936

UNDERGROUND CONGRESS RADIO

The leaders of ‘Quit India’ movement had no access to either radio or the press.

All India Radio was British property

So that young Congress freedom fighters launched their short-lived congress Radio on September 3 1942 on 41.78 meter ‘from somewhere in India.

The broadcasts continue from October 15 to 17 to raise the transmitter's power

Then young fighters were arrested and it was stopped.

ALL INDIA RADIO AFTER

INDEPENDENCE

After Independence, AIR started stations located at Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Lacknow and Tiruchirapplli, Mysore, Travancore, Hyderabad and Aurangabad

There were only 18 transmitters which increased upto 25 in couple of years.

The introduction of the commercial channel ‘Vividh Bharti’ in October 1957 increased the interest and popularity of radio.

Total All India Radio Stations & other quality

AIR today has a network of 232 broadcasting centres with 149 medium frequency(MW), 54 high frequency (SW) and 171 FM transmitters.

The coverage is 91.79% of the area , serving 99.14% of the people in the largest democracy of the world.

AIR covers 24 Languages and 146 dialects in home services. In External services, it covers 27 languages; 17 national and 10 foreign languages. 

THE FREQUENCY MODULATION (FM) RISE

IN INDIA

FM broadcasts were introduced in Madras in 1977 and later at Jalandhar in 1992, but it was only in 1993 when slots came to be leased to private companies.

On August 15, 1993 a Frequency Modulation (FM) Channel was launched in Bombay, with nine hours of radio which sloats was leased to private producers like Times FM, radiostar and Radio Midday.

Besides sponsored hit parades and count-downs, the FM programmes include chat shows, news bulletins, contests, quizzes and plays.

FM SCENERIO IN INDIA

FAMOUS RADIO STATIONS AND THEIR NAME & ITS SCENERIO

91.1 - Radio City

91.9 - Radio Indigo

92.7 - Big FM

93.5 - S FM

94.3 - Radio One

98.3 - Radio Mirchi

101.3 - FM Rainbow

102.9 - Vivdh Bharati

104 - Fever FM

105.6 - Gyaan Vaani

Current allocation process In FM Phase II some 338 frequencies

were offered of which about 237 were sold.

It is also accepted that the that the next phase will give the news sloats to the FM.

Reliance and South Asia FM (Sun group) bid for most of the 91 cities.

they were allowed only 15% of the total allocated frequencies.

Between them, they have had to surrender over 40 licenses.

Advertising Scenario

India's new private FM channels could also change the advertising scenario.

Traditionally, radio accounts for 7% to 8% of advertiser expenditures around the world. In India, it is less than 2% at present.

FDI allotment in Radio is 20 percent.

THE GROWTH OF FM IN INDIA Mumbai and Delhi reached 34 per cent each from 8 and 19

per cent, respectively, in 2000. In Delhi as well as in Mumbai, 30 per cent of women listen to

FM radio.

Around 36 per cent men in Mumbai tune into FM channels while 38 per cent in Delhi.

In Mumbai, 80 per cent of listening happens at home whereas in Delhi it is 72 per cent.

Delhi, which has a higher ownership of cars (13 per cent) and car radios (82 per cent), also has a higher incidence of in-car listenership (seven per cent) as compared to Mumbai where only two per cent of listening happens in the car.

Assignment Given by :SHUKANTO ROYPrepared By : IRFAN PATHAN