The Era of Good The Era of Good FeelingsFeelings

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

James Monroe: 1817-James Monroe: 1817-18251825 55thth President of the United States President of the United States

Last of the Virginia Dynasty and last of the Last of the Virginia Dynasty and last of the “Founding Father” President“Founding Father” President

Secretary of State / Secretary of War under Madison- Secretary of State / Secretary of War under Madison- War of 1812War of 1812

Last President of the Last President of the “First American Party System”- “First American Party System”- Federalists (Hamilton) and Republicans (Jefferson)Federalists (Hamilton) and Republicans (Jefferson)

Due to the lack of political “conflict” his presidency Due to the lack of political “conflict” his presidency is known as the is known as the “Era of Good Feelings”“Era of Good Feelings”

James MonroeJames Monroe

To bring unity and stability to To bring unity and stability to government, he chose people from all government, he chose people from all over (North & South, Republicans & over (North & South, Republicans & Federalists) for his cabinetFederalists) for his cabinet

Sec. of State: John Quincy AdamsSec. of State: John Quincy Adams Sec. of War: John C. Calhoun (War Sec. of War: John C. Calhoun (War

Hawk)Hawk)

The AMERICAN SYSTEMThe AMERICAN SYSTEM AMERICAN SYSTEM: AMERICAN SYSTEM: The program of The program of

government subsides favored by government subsides favored by Henry Clay Henry Clay and and his followers to promote American economic his followers to promote American economic growth and protect domestic manufacturers growth and protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competitionfrom foreign competition

Supported by Monroe & was a break from the Supported by Monroe & was a break from the Jeffersonian view of an agrarian nation, Jeffersonian view of an agrarian nation, although Republicans began to see the need for although Republicans began to see the need for government involvement in economic mattersgovernment involvement in economic matters

Second Bank of the Second Bank of the United StatesUnited States

Was given a Was given a 20 year charter in 181620 year charter in 1816 The fear of a concentrated economic power, The fear of a concentrated economic power,

the Jeffersonian Republicans allowed the First the Jeffersonian Republicans allowed the First Bank of the United States to expire in 1811Bank of the United States to expire in 1811

The re-charter of the bank demonstrated the The re-charter of the bank demonstrated the importance and strength of commercial importance and strength of commercial interests had grown to rival that of farmers, interests had grown to rival that of farmers, whose distrust for central banks persisted.whose distrust for central banks persisted.

Diplomacy of John Q. AdamsDiplomacy of John Q. Adams The diplomatic achievements during the Era of Good The diplomatic achievements during the Era of Good

Feelings was the result of J.Q. AdamsFeelings was the result of J.Q. Adams Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1817 & Convention of 1818Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1817 & Convention of 1818: : Fixed Fixed

the border between the US and Canada at the 49the border between the US and Canada at the 49 thth parallel parallel and resolved the conflict over British claims to Oregon- and resolved the conflict over British claims to Oregon- agreed to jointly occupy it for 10 (but actually 20) yearsagreed to jointly occupy it for 10 (but actually 20) years

Transcontinental Treaty of 1819 (Adams-Onis): Transcontinental Treaty of 1819 (Adams-Onis): Spain Spain agreed to cede Florida and drop all claims to the agreed to cede Florida and drop all claims to the Louisiana Territory and Oregon and the US would Louisiana Territory and Oregon and the US would relinquish claims on Texas and take responsibility of relinquish claims on Texas and take responsibility of the $5 million in claims that US citizens had against the $5 million in claims that US citizens had against SpainSpain

Monroe Doctrine: 1823Monroe Doctrine: 1823 Devised by J.Q. AdamsDevised by J.Q. Adams The US was first country to recognize The US was first country to recognize

independence of Spain’s former colonies in independence of Spain’s former colonies in Latin AmericaLatin America

Stated the Europeans had no right to Stated the Europeans had no right to colonize or other wise interfere in the affairs colonize or other wise interfere in the affairs of Americaof America

United States wanted to remain neutral of European United States wanted to remain neutral of European affairs (as encouraged by G. Washington)affairs (as encouraged by G. Washington)

Defining moment in American diplomatic Defining moment in American diplomatic historyhistory

Stated any violation of this policy by European Stated any violation of this policy by European powers would be seen as hostilepowers would be seen as hostile

Translation: This is our playground and you can’t play Translation: This is our playground and you can’t play on our monkey barson our monkey bars

The Panic of 1819The Panic of 1819 During the War of 1812 and Napoleonic Wars- American During the War of 1812 and Napoleonic Wars- American

shipping was able to capitalize on the lack of British shipping was able to capitalize on the lack of British tradingtrading

As Britain recovered, As Britain recovered, American foodstuffs declined American foodstuffs declined and American farmers & shippers sufferedand American farmers & shippers suffered

Land sales ballooned and people bought on Land sales ballooned and people bought on creditcredit- when - when the 2the 2ndnd Bank of the United States forced banks to call in Bank of the United States forced banks to call in loans, default happened- the land owners loans, default happened- the land owners blamed the blamed the bank- a sentiment that Andrew Jackson will use to bank- a sentiment that Andrew Jackson will use to his advantagehis advantage

The Panic of 1819The Panic of 1819 Northern manufacturers Northern manufacturers were also suffering because were also suffering because

of the re-emergence of the British- the of the re-emergence of the British- the laid off workers laid off workers blamed the merchants and owners- Jackson will blamed the merchants and owners- Jackson will used that to his advantage used that to his advantage

KEY IDEA: KEY IDEA: In order to protect the northern In order to protect the northern merchants a tariff on imported goods was imposed merchants a tariff on imported goods was imposed (and increased in 1824 over Southern objections) (and increased in 1824 over Southern objections) that hurt southerners- they begin to question their that hurt southerners- they begin to question their place in a country in which their voice was not place in a country in which their voice was not heardheard

John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams

Once again- Sec. of State = Once again- Sec. of State = PresidentPresident

John Quincy Adams: 6thJohn Quincy Adams: 6th First time son of a president is elected First time son of a president is elected

PresidentPresident Which number president was his father?Which number president was his father? Who is the most recent father/son?Who is the most recent father/son? Will Obama’s daughter(s) ever become Will Obama’s daughter(s) ever become

President?President?

The Corrupt BargainThe Corrupt Bargain J.Q. Adams ran against J.Q. Adams ran against Andrew Jackson, Andrew Jackson,

Henry Clay, and William CrawfordHenry Clay, and William Crawford

Jackson won 42% of the popular vote versus Jackson won 42% of the popular vote versus Adams 32%. However, Jackson received 37% of Adams 32%. However, Jackson received 37% of the electoral votes and Adams got 32%. Since no the electoral votes and Adams got 32%. Since no one received a majority, the election was sent to one received a majority, the election was sent to the House.the House.

The Corrupt BargainThe Corrupt Bargain With the election to be decided in the House, each With the election to be decided in the House, each

state could cast one vote for president. Henry Clay state could cast one vote for president. Henry Clay dropped out and supported John Quincy Adams dropped out and supported John Quincy Adams who was elected on the first vote. When Adams who was elected on the first vote. When Adams became president, he appointed Clay to be his became president, he appointed Clay to be his Secretary of State. This led opponents to claim that Secretary of State. This led opponents to claim that a "corrupt bargain" had been made between the two a "corrupt bargain" had been made between the two of them. They both denied this. Clay even of them. They both denied this. Clay even participated in a duel to prove his innocence in this participated in a duel to prove his innocence in this matter.matter.

J. Q. AdamsJ. Q. Adams John Quincy Adams served only one term (just John Quincy Adams served only one term (just

like his father) as president. He supported like his father) as president. He supported internal improvements including the extension internal improvements including the extension of the of the Cumberland RoadCumberland Road. In . In 1821828, the so-8, the so-called called "tariff of abominations" was passed"tariff of abominations" was passed. . Its goal was to Its goal was to protect domestic manufacturingprotect domestic manufacturing. . It was strongly opposed in the South and It was strongly opposed in the South and led Vice President John C. Calhoun to argue led Vice President John C. Calhoun to argue again for the right of nullification - to have again for the right of nullification - to have South Carolina nullify it by ruling it South Carolina nullify it by ruling it unconstitutional.unconstitutional.

The American SystemThe American System John Quincy Adams sought to strengthen the economy and pay off national debt. John Quincy Adams sought to strengthen the economy and pay off national debt. Proponent of the “American System”Proponent of the “American System”

The American System, originally called "The American Way", was an The American System, originally called "The American Way", was an economic plan that played a prominent role in American policy economic plan that played a prominent role in American policy during the first half of the 19th century. Rooted in the ideas of during the first half of the 19th century. Rooted in the ideas of Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton, the plan "consisted of three mutually , the plan "consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other 'internal improvements' to develop profitable canals, and other 'internal improvements' to develop profitable markets for agriculture.”markets for agriculture.” Congressman Congressman Henry ClayHenry Clay was the plan's was the plan's foremost proponent and the first to refer to it as the “American foremost proponent and the first to refer to it as the “American System”.System”.

Internal ImprovementsInternal Improvements

The Louisville and Portland Canal around The Louisville and Portland Canal around the Falls of the Ohio; the connection of the the Falls of the Ohio; the connection of the Great Lakes to the Ohio River system in Great Lakes to the Ohio River system in Ohio and IndianaOhio and Indiana