The Estuary and Its Habitation Zones

Estuaries

Estuaries are where the salt and fresh water mix• Sheltered environments for

saltmarshes and mangroves• Spawning areas for fish• Recreational regions for man• Location where fishing

industries are often situated

Salt Marshes • Partial tidal coverage

• Salt tolerant vegetation

• Very important habitat for birds and coastal animals (provides shelter)

• Often seen as wasted land in past so filled in for use causing huge issues within ecosystem

Salt Marshes

• Salt marshes are often found in sheltered areas (e.g. behind sand spits)

• Where coastal zone meets fresh water is common as well

Mangroves

• Shrubs / trees able to withstand saline soils and water• Soils are rich in nutrient and plant

content. This decays (detritus) and is consumed by other animals in the food chain • Provide a valuable habitat for flora

and fauna• Assist in reducing wave energy,

thereby protecting the environment

Mangroves

Dunes

Incipient Dune – grass covered and changing

Foredune – larger vegetation and more stable

Hind Dunes – established soils, large vegetation, little affect from ocean spray/winds