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11th INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE
THE EURO-ATLANTIC VALUES IN THE
BALKAN COUNTRIES
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
22-04 SEPTEMBER 2020, Ohrid
11-та МЕЃУНАРОДНА НАУЧНА КОНФЕРЕНЦИЈА
ЕВРОАТЛАНСКИТЕ ВРЕДНОСТИ И
БАЛКАНСКИТЕ ЗЕМЈИ
КНИГА НА АПСТРАКТИ
22-24 СЕПТЕМВРИ 2020, Охрид
PUBLISHERS: University “St. Kliment Ohridski”- Bitola
Faculty of Security- Skopje
For the Publishers: Sašo Korunovski, PhD, rector of the
University “St. Kliment Ohridski”- Bitola
Nikola Dujovski, PhD, dean of the Faculty
of Security- Skopje
PROGRAMME COMMITTEE Dr.Sc. Nikola Dujovski, Dean of the Faculty
of Security, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia,
Chairman
Dr.Sc Klaus Fiesinger, Regional Director of
Hanns Seidel Stiftung;
Bogdan Mircev, Hanns Seidel Stiftung;
Dr.Sc Cane Mojanoski, Faculty of Security
studies-Skopje;
Dr.Sc Oliver Bacanovic, Faculty of Security
studies-Skopje;
Dr.Sc Miodrag Labovic, Faculty of Security
studies-Skopje;
Dr.Sc Snezhana Nikodinovska-Stefanovska,
Faculty of Security studies-Skopje;
Dr.Sc Boris Murgoski, Faculty of Security
studies-Skopje;
Dr.Sc Marjan Gjurovski, Faculty of Security
studies-Skopje;
Detlef Schroder, CEPOL Director;
Norbert Leitner, President of the AEPC;
Dr.Sc Georg Lohmann, Gruericke University
of Magdeburg, Berlin;
Dr.Sc Marco Lombardi, University
Cattalonica, Milan, Italy;
Vinaj Kiura, Sardar Patel University of
Police, Security and Criminal justice,
Radzhastan, India;
Dr.Sc Dane Suboshic, Rector of Academy of
Criminalistique and police studies, Serbia;
Dr.Sc Tudorel Toader, Ректор на
полициска академија “Alexandru Ioan
Cuza”, Романија;
Dr.Sc. Nedelco Lazarov Stoichev, Rector of
the Academy of the Ministry of Interior,
Bulgaria
Dr.Sc. Andrej Sotlar, Dean of the Faculty of
Criminal Justice and Security, Slovenia
Dr.Sc. Vladimir N. Cvetkovic, Dean of the
Faculty of Security Studies, University of
Belgrade, Serbia
Dr.Sc. Nedzad Korajlic, Dean of the Faculty
of Criminalistics, Criminology and Security
Studies, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Dr.Sc. Denis Caleta, President of the
Council, Institute for Corporate Security
Studies ICS Ljubljana, Slovenia
Dr.Sc Krunoslav Borovec, Dean of the High
Police School, Zagreb, Croatia
Dr.Sc. Mirjana Franceshko, Dean of Faculty
of Law and Business Studies Lazar Vrkatic,
University UNION, Novi Sad, Serbia
Dr.Sc Aleksandar Ivanov, Secretary of
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Cane Mojanoski, Dr.Sc., Chairman
Nikola Dujovski, Dr.Sc.
Svetlana Nikoloska, Dr. Sc.
Marjan Gjurovski, Dr. Sc.
Tatjana Gerginova, Dr. Sc.
Aleksandar Ivanov, Dr. Sc., Secretary
Design and Computer Processing:
Svetlana Nikoloska, Dr. Sc.
Address of the Publishers: Faculty of Security
1000 Skopje
P.O. Box 103
tel: ++389(0)22546211
University “St. Kliment Ohridski”
1vi Maj b.b.
7000 Bitola
tel: +++389(0)47223788
Contents SOCIETAL DEVIANCE IN THE ERA OF DISTORTED VALUES AND NORMS:
EUROPEAN AND MACEDONIAN PARALELS ................................................................................... 3
Saše Gerasimoski ..................................................................................................................................... 3
FREEDOM OF RELIGION, RELIGIOUS FREEDOMS AND POLITICAL EXTREMISM ........... 4
Cane T. Mojanoski .................................................................................................................................. 4
SHAPING THE BALKAN’S FUTURE THROUGH DIFFERENTIATED INTEGRATION:
THE EU EXPERIENCE ............................................................................................................................. 5
Goran Ilik, ............................................................................................................................................... 5
Marjan Gjurovski .................................................................................................................................. 5
Nikola Lj. Ilievski ................................................................................................................................... 5
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 25 YEARS AFTER DAYTON – BETWEEN THE
CLASSICAL LIJPHART’S CONSOCIATION AND HIS NEWLY INTRODUCED TERM FOR
CONSENSUAL DEMOCRACY ................................................................................................................ 6
Nikola Ambarkov .................................................................................................................................... 6
BENEFITS OF EURO-ATLANTIC INTEGRATION FOR BALKAN COUNTRIES -
COMPARATIVE EXPERIENCES OF MONTENEGRO AND NORTH MACEDONIA .................. 7
Drazen Bozovic ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Stevko Stefanoski ..................................................................................................................................... 7
MODERN CRIMINALISTIC METHODS .............................................................................................. 8
Marina Malish Sazdovska ...................................................................................................................... 8
Mihajlo Sviderski .................................................................................................................................... 8
COMPUTER FORENSIC IN FUNCTION OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION ................................ 9
Svetlana Nikoloska .................................................................................................................................. 9
Marija Gjosheva ...................................................................................................................................... 9
POLITICS OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF REPUBLIC OF MONTENEGRO .............................. 10
Tatjana Gerginova ................................................................................................................................ 10
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND NATO – ................................................................................... 11
CURRENT STATE OF PLAY ................................................................................................................. 11
Zoran Đerić ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Gojko Pavlović ....................................................................................................................................... 11
THE NEED OF COOPERATION BETWEEN PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANIES AND
STATE SECURITY SERVICES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM .................................... 12
Ice Ilijevski ............................................................................................................................................. 12
Zlate Dimovski ....................................................................................................................................... 12
II
Kire Babanoski ...................................................................................................................................... 12
MILITARY STRATEGIES SMALL COUNTRY AND GEOPOLITICAL CHANGE ..................... 13
Branislav Milosavljevic ......................................................................................................................... 13
Nenad Komazec ..................................................................................................................................... 13
INFLUENCE OF THE MODEL OF PHYSICAL TRAINING ON THE EDUCATION OF
POLICE OFFICER CANDIDATES ....................................................................................................... 14
Jonche Ivanovski ................................................................................................................................... 14
THE UNSCRUPULOUS TREATMENT OF THE DISEASED ........................................................... 15
IN THE MACEDONIAN CRIMINAL CODE ....................................................................................... 15
Katerina Krstevska Savovska .............................................................................................................. 15
PROTECTION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS: THEORETIC
FRAMEWORK AND PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................ 16
Leta Bardjieva Miovska ........................................................................................................................ 16
Oliver Bakreski ...................................................................................................................................... 16
APPLICATION OF NON-STANDARD METHODS ............................................................................ 17
IN FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF COLORED MATERIALS ................................................................. 17
Vojkan M. Zorić ................................................................................................................................... 17
Vesna Petrović ...................................................................................................................................... 17
Zdravko Skakavac ................................................................................................................................ 17
HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE ON REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA'S
INTEGRATION IN NATO AND EUROPEAN UNION ....................................................................... 18
Andrej Iliev ............................................................................................................................................ 18
Anita Ilieva Nikolovska ......................................................................................................................... 18
Emilija Petrova ...................................................................................................................................... 18
PREVENTION / SUPPRESSION OF CORRUPTION - A NEVER ENDING STORY .................... 19
Mojca Rep .............................................................................................................................................. 19
Dragana Cvorovic ................................................................................................................................. 19
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF THE ENGLISH TERMS “WHISTLEBLOWER” AND
“WHISTLEBLOWING” AND THEIR TRANSLATIONAL EQUIVALENTS IN
MACEDONIAN AND SOME OF ITS RELATED LANGUAGES ...................................................... 20
Vesna Trajkovska .................................................................................................................................. 20
ONTOLOGY OF SECURITY ................................................................................................................. 21
(APPENDIX TO THE ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHILOSOPHY
OF SECURITY) ........................................................................................................................................ 21
Cane Mojanoski ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Goce Arizankoski .................................................................................................................................. 21
III
Zlatko Angjeleski ................................................................................................................................... 21
THE DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ESTABLISHING MINIMUM STANDARDS
ON THE RIGHTS, SUPPORT AND PROTECTION OF VICTIMS OF CRIME AND
MACEDONIAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LEGISLATION ........................................................... 22
Oliver Bachanovic ................................................................................................................................. 22
Natasha Peovska .................................................................................................................................... 22
TYPES OF SCORRUPTION ACTIVITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION .......................................... 23
Marjan Nikolovski ................................................................................................................................. 23
Marjan Mladenovski ............................................................................................................................. 23
Frosina Nikolovska ................................................................................................................................ 23
SPECIAL INVESTIGATIVE MEASURES: A COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW ............................... 24
Aleksandar Markoski............................................................................................................................ 24
Aleksandar Chavleski ........................................................................................................................... 24
MORALITY AND MORAL VALUES AS A PERSONALIZATION OF MODERN SOCIETY ..... 25
Natasa Pelivanova ................................................................................................................................. 25
Mirjana Ristovska ................................................................................................................................. 25
GLOBAL RISKS IN BUSINESS OPERATING ENVIRONMENT: ECONOMIC
CHALLENGES OF ENTREPRENEURS .............................................................................................. 26
Ivana Marinović Matović ..................................................................................................................... 26
DETENTION - ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION
(THEORY AND PRACTICE) ................................................................................................................. 27
Vesna Trajanovska ................................................................................................................................ 27
Natasha Jovanova .................................................................................................................................. 27
THE PLACE AND ROLE OF THE INTELLIGENCE AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE
SERVICES ................................................................................................................................................. 28
Nenad Taneski ....................................................................................................................................... 28
Sinisha Vitanovski ................................................................................................................................. 28
Aleksandar Petrusovski ........................................................................................................................ 28
CYBER SECURITY IN EUROPEAN CIVIL AVIATION INDUSTRY ............................................. 29
Tomislav Tuntev .................................................................................................................................... 29
Gjorgji Alceski ....................................................................................................................................... 29
INFORMATION FOR SAFE USE OF PAYMENT CARDS ............................................................... 30
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MUNICIPALITY OF PRILEP ........................................ 30
Keti Nikolovska ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Snezana Mojsoska ................................................................................................................................. 30
CYBER TERRORISM THREAT AND THE PANDEMIC.................................................................. 31
IV
Ivana Luknar ......................................................................................................................................... 31
PARLIAMENTARY ELECTORAL SYSTEM AND THE QUALITY OF DEMOCRATIC
GOVERNANCE IN KOSOVO ................................................................................................................ 32
Ibrahim Isuf Shala ................................................................................................................................ 32
THE IMPACT OF THE PARADOX OF DEMOCRACY IN CORELATION WITH NEO-
LIBERLISNM UPON THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND SPREADING A FAKE
NEWS ......................................................................................................................................................... 33
Miodrag Labovic ................................................................................................................................... 33
Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. 33
ADAPTATION OF YOUNG INMATES TO INCARCERATION: .................................................... 34
MACEDONIAN CASE ............................................................................................................................. 34
Stefanovska (Stojkovska) Vesna .......................................................................................................... 34
CRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST HUMANITY AND INTERNATIONAL LAW IN
REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA ................................................................................................ 35
Blerta Ahmedi Arifi............................................................................................................................... 35
Dear,
The topic of the International Scientific Conference in Ohrid 2020 should create assumptions
through scientific articles and through debate to offer answers about the situation with the
implementation of Euro-Atlantic values of the Balkan countries. This is important because there are
three European Union member states (Greece, Bulgaria and Croatia) in this area, which are also
members of the NATO Alliance (Northern Macedonia joins this group, Albania and Montenegro), and
other countries (such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Serbia) are outside these structures.
This position of the countries in relation to the Euro-Atlantic integration causes numerous
interactions and relations, which in many ways are specific, both for the relations between the Balkan
countries and in terms of the application of criteria and values in the relations between the countries
separately. The conflicting historical past has created the impression that "the Balkans are a powder
keg", which is causing turmoil in politics, not only in Europe but also beyond. In that sense, it is good
to create space, the academic community of the Balkan countries and beyond to try through the
analysis of practices from the application of Euro-Atlantic values to offer new insights that will serve
to strengthen the idea of Europe as a common home.
The conference will present papers on the following topics:
▪ Democracy, rule of law, human rights, their promotion and forms of protection
▪ International Standards for the Protection of Human and Citizen's Freedoms and Rights and the
Policies of the Balkan States
▪ Forms of protection of freedoms and rights - experiences and perspectives
▪ Strengthening the rule of law and accountability of institutions
▪ Democracy, forms of democratic participation in government and governance
▪ Contemporary Criminal Theories and Crime Management
▪ Elections, Election Models, Electoral Participation, Election Campaigns, Free, Fair, Democratic
Elections
▪ Accountability, transparency, control and accountability of public officials and entities exercising
public authority
▪ Peace, non-violence and respect for the identity of man and citizen
▪ Freedom and equality, equality between nations, right to self-determination, national identity and
dignity
▪ Respect for the freedoms and rights of the individual and citizen
▪ Individual freedoms
▪ Economic Freedoms and Rights
2
▪ Civil and Political Freedoms and Rights
▪ Equality, individual and collective, gender equality
▪ Solidarity, support for others, tolerance, respect for other cultures
▪ Religion and attitude towards traditional and other values
▪ Non-violence, peaceful settlement of disputes, mediation, arbitration, democratic dialogue
▪ How to deal with violence and terrorism
▪ Relation to nature and its sustainability
▪ Euro-Atlantic values and contemporary challenges, risks and threats
▪ Strategic Security Documents and Their Importance for realization of the Security Policies
▪ Security research approaches and methods
▪ Security neutrality versus Euro-Atlantic integration
▪ The concept of securitization
▪ The place and role of the intelligence and counterintelligence services
▪ Parliamentary control over the security system
▪ Safety law
▪ Energy security in Southeast Europe
▪ Practical police reform policies
▪ Education systems and the profile of the police profession in the Balkan countries
▪ Forms of bilateral and multilateral co-operation in the areas of crime, human trafficking, narcotics
and psychotropic substances
▪ Approaches to cases of domestic violence
▪ Cooperation between business entities between legal certainty and security threats and risks
▪ Regional cooperation and regional economic policies
▪ The Role of International Organizations in Promoting and Implementing International Norms for the
Protection of Human Rights in the Balkans
▪ Contemporary forms of crime and ways of overcoming them
▪ Contemporary forms of cybercrime (electronic: fraud, fraud, threats, theft of personal data and other
forms of electronic fraud and crime)
▪ Forms of crime related to internet and cyber services and how they are discovered
▪ Criminalistic experiences, achievements, methods, means and means of combating modern forms of
crime.
▪ Comparative experiences and the latest anti-corruption mechanisms
▪ The types of corruption in the security system and the judiciary
Organization committee of the International Scientific Conference
3
SOCIETAL DEVIANCE IN THE ERA OF DISTORTED VALUES AND
NORMS: EUROPEAN AND MACEDONIAN PARALELS Saše Gerasimoski1
Abstract
It seems quite obvious that we are living in an era of turbulent social changes that affect our
everyday life. The contemporary societal order has been put to stresses and exposed to challenges like
never before in the history of human society. Many scholars believe that what we are witnessing
nowadays is an era of value ambivalence and norm relativization that are intricately related with
societal deviance. Many theories, classical, modern and postmodern treat this phenomena, like the
Emile Durkheim’s theory of anomie, Robert Merton’s theory of strain and Zygmunt Bauman’s theory
of interregnum. In this paper, we are trying to elaborate those theories through the lenses of the
distorted morals and values and its nexus with societal deviance in comparative European and
Macedonian societal context. As far as methodology is concerned, we mainly use secondary data of
available scientific literature and studies in the values and norms changes and its relatedness to
societal deviance. We shall try to prove and elucidate the importance of the structural changes in
values and norms and how they produce or are product of societal deviance. Although mainly
comparatively theoretical, the paper will try to overcome the possible limitations with its thorough
comparative analyses of the most relevant scientific literature and research on this matter, mostly from
sociological, socio-pathological, philosophical and securitological point of view. The paper will also
try to summarize some relevant suggestions, proposals and recommendations on how to overcome this
problems in European and Macedonian comparative perspective.
Keywords: Societal Deviance, Values, Norms, Europe, Macedonia.
1 Faculty of Security-Skopje, University “Sv. Kliment Ohridski”-Bitola, Macedonia,
4
FREEDOM OF RELIGION, RELIGIOUS FREEDOMS AND
POLITICAL EXTREMISM
Cane T. Mojanoski2
Abstract
The subject of this paper is the discussion about the freedoms and the rights of the human and
the citizen established by the Constitution and the international documents, with a special emphasis on
the freedom of religion and other religious freedoms and rights. In that sense the assumptions for the
realization of the freedom of conscience are analyzed as a basis for strengthening of the independent,
free and critical thought of the individual, the free development of the thought and the beliefs, in terms
of accepting views, beliefs and knowledge related to religion.
A special emphasis in this paper is given to certain forms of (miss) use of the religion, as
fanaticism, the religious integralism, extremism and the political extremism.
Keywords: Freedom of religion, religious freedoms, religiosity, extremism and political extremism.
2 Faculty of security-Skopje,University “St. Kliment Ohridski”-Bitola, [email protected]
5
SHAPING THE BALKAN’S FUTURE THROUGH DIFFERENTIATED
INTEGRATION: THE EU EXPERIENCE
Goran Ilik, 3
Marjan Gjurovski 4
Nikola Lj. Ilievski 5
Abstract
This paper addresses the perspective of the European Union as a differentiated integration,
where the Member States are participating in certain common policies and are choosing certain
policies they are (or not) willful or able to participate. The European integration experience shows
such cases – European Monetary Union and Schengen Agreement. The objective of this paper is to
explore the differentiated integration model in the Balkan context, within the circles of integration, and
thus, to identify a model of “multi-speed” Balkans. The main research intention is to explore the
significance of the EU as a “multi-speed” model of integration. In the end, this paper concludes that
the model of multi-speed Europe could restrictively be applied on the Balkans, introducing four
integration speeds, or integration orbits.
Keywords: European integration, differentiated integration, reconciliation, regional networking.
3 Law faculty, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” - Bitola, [email protected] 4 Faculty of security – Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” - Bitola, [email protected] 5 Law faculty, “Ss. Cyril and Methodius University” - Skopje, [email protected]
6
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 25 YEARS AFTER DAYTON –
BETWEEN THE CLASSICAL LIJPHART’S CONSOCIATION AND HIS
NEWLY INTRODUCED TERM FOR CONSENSUAL DEMOCRACY Nikola Ambarkov6
Abstract
In 2020, Bosnia and Herzegovina marks 25 years since the signing of the Dayton Peace
Agreement. The arrangement that was set for the country in Dayton 1995 is referred to the
consociational model, which in the policy and science of conflict management was launched by Arend
Lijphart. The most important consociational pillars - the grand coalition government, decentralization,
adequate representation of the three constituent nations (Serbs, Croats, Bosniaks) and the veto right
can be recognized in the Dayton political system in BiH. As a political project of passive coexistence
and agreement among ethnic elites, the consociational democracy proved to be a very important
creator of socio-political processes in many post-conflict regions, regardless of the fact that even its
most frenetic supporters confirm that this approach is not perfect. However, in more recent works, the
founding father of this model, Arend Lijphart, abandons the problem of divided societies, and
redefines this model of consociational democracy in a way that makes it refer to any society in which
there are pluralistic interests. In accordance with the change, he introduces the term - consensual
democracy.
The core of this consensual model still encompasses the above-mentioned consociational
pillars (multiparty government, decentralization, and proportional representation - proportional
electoral system) but, now, those are complemented with some new indicators such as interest groups
corporatism, bicameralism, constitutional rigidity, developed judicial review, independent central bank
and executive – legislative balance.
The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the political system of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, 25 years after Dayton, through the prism of these parameters, in a way that shows that,
BiH not only meets the classical consociational criteria, but also the parameters of the newly
introduced Lijphart’s concept for consensual democracy which can be noted to a large degree in its
political order.
Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina, consociational, consensual democracy, Lijphart, post-conflict
societies.
6 Ph.D. in Political Science, M.Sc. in European Studies, [email protected] [email protected]
7
BENEFITS OF EURO-ATLANTIC INTEGRATION FOR BALKAN
COUNTRIES - COMPARATIVE EXPERIENCES OF MONTENEGRO
AND NORTH MACEDONIA Drazen Bozovic7
Stevko Stefanoski8
Abstract
Following the end of the the confrontation between the former Military Blocs and the
dissolution of the Warsaw Pact in 1991, after four decades of existence the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) lost its ideological, political and military opponent. Initial expectations were
that in such a global constellation of relations NATO would lose its sense of existence. However, as
previously when Alliance faced with numerous challenges maintaining internal cohesion, from this
situation came up with even stronger strategic concept, focusing on its own transformation,
redefinition of its role and expanding the tasks, primarily on development of new partnerships and
preventive actions in unstable and crisis areas. NATO established a new policy, relations and open
dialogue with former opponents. Partnership for Peace (PfP) was created as a program aimed at
cooperation and confidence building between NATO members and other South Eastern European and
former USSR countries. While countries that came after the collapse of the former Yugoslavia began
their Euro-Atlantic integration processes after the end of the military conflicts in the late 1990s. Both
countries that will be comparatively covered by this research are successors from the former
Yugoslavia, they have had different paths, the processes of independence and transition and also their
Euro-Atlantic integration processes have begun differently and faced different challenges The
Republic of North Macedonia brought the decision for NATO membership in 1993, and in 1995
joined the Partnership for Peace Program. On the other hand, Montenegro began its processes much
later, after independence in 2006, and became a full-fledged NATO member on June 5th 2017.
The Republic of North Macedonia faced a veto by a permanent NATO member over the
widely known name issue and unfortunately did not join NATO together with Albania and Croatia in
2009. After that, the long path to the full membership is seen to be accomplished in the beginning of
the 2020. Through the topic of this research by comparative method will broadly analyze all
circumstances of the integration processes for both countries, while research questions will be directed
to the already visible and expected benefits of euro-atlantic integrations. The particular research
attention of this paper will be paid on the military and defense benefits as well as to other consecutive
benefits, such as improvement of the overall security of the both countries and the region,
strengthening the rule of law, economy, businesses, investments, tourism etc.
Keywords: Euro-Atlantic integration, security, partnership, cooperation, benefits, stability.
7 Dr. Coll. (Ret), Montenegro, e-mail: [email protected] 8 Dr. Crisis Management Center, Republic of N. Macedonia, e-mail: [email protected]
8
MODERN CRIMINALISTIC METHODS Marina Malish Sazdovska9
Mihajlo Sviderski10
Abstract
Criminalistic science uses scientific methods used in other disciplines and scientific
disciplines, but adapted to the specific needs of criminal investigations. Criminalistics also uses
methods that are designed to be used exclusively for criminalistic purposes. Thus, methods of
identifying persons by papillary line analysis, handwriting analysis using graphological methods, odor
analysis, scene accident photography with stereo graphimetry, comparative trace analysis with
comparative microscope, are applied, photo robot creation software and many other methods used in
criminal investigations.
However, new methods are being developed to improve the work of criminals working in the
field of inspecting, alibi determination, tracing and material evidence for pre-trial and court
proceedings, as well as taking other operational-tactical measures and investigative actions. Practical
field work also applies methods of profiling persons, application of modern technological means of
tracking persons and situations, such as drones, which are also used in criminal intelligence, methods
of detection lies, etc. are used.
The authors of the paper analyze contemporary criminalistic methods with particular reference
to their application in practical work when undertaking measures and activities within the framework
of criminalistic methodology. Namely, in the process of elimination of crimes, special attention is paid
to the detection, proving and clarification of crimes. Particularly important in this part are the
criminalistic methods that answer the nine golden questions of criminalistic, and reveal the
perpetrators.
Keywords: criminology, methods, investigations, traces, analysis etc.
9 Faculty of security Skopje, [email protected] 10 [email protected]
9
COMPUTER FORENSIC IN FUNCTION OF CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION Svetlana Nikoloska11
Marija Gjosheva12
Abstract
Computer forensics is increasingly finding its place in the criminal investigation of criminal
offenses in order to shed light on and provide the evidence necessary to initiate criminal proceedings
against the perpetrators of crimes that have misused computer technology in criminal activities.
Criminal investigation is a procedure of using tactics, techniques and methods aimed at detecting,
clarifying and providing evidence through legally prescribed operational-tactical measures and
actions, investigative actions and special investigative measures. The Macedonian legislator in the
criminal procedural legislation envisages measures and actions for providing electronic evidence
which is relevant in computer crimes, but also in specific criminal situations electronic evidence has
its meaning in the process of clarification of other classic and economic crimes. This paper analyzes
the steps and procedures for extracting, processing and presenting electronic evidence that represent
data contained in computer devices, data transmitted through computer systems and networks in order
to adapt them to a form acceptable to judicial authorities based on the analysis of all evidence bases
the verdicts on the perpetrators who are charged with a specific computer or other crime. An analysis
of the actions of the competent investigative and judicial bodies in the process from detection to
verdict is made by analyzing reported, accused and convicted perpetrators of the most committed
computer crimes, but an analysis will be made for the need of electronic evidence in other crimes
through analysis of case.
Keywords: Computer forensics, Forensic research, Computer devices, Electronic evidence,
Perpetrators of crime.
11 St. Kliment Ohridski University – Bitola, Faculty of Security – Skopje, [email protected]
12 Ministry of interior, [email protected]
10
POLITICS OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF REPUBLIC OF
MONTENEGRO
Tatjana Gerginova13
Abstract
In the introductory part of the paper, the author defines the terms policy and strategy for
national security. Furthermore, the author determines the national security policy of the Republic of
Montenegro in accordance with the National Security Strategy of Montenegro from 2006, 2008 and
2018. The author defines the components of the national security policy: national security interests and
goals with special reference to strategic interests, overview of the global and regional environment and
security risks and threats, elements of national security policy. At the end of the paper, the author
outlines the external components of national security policy - cooperation with European countries in
responding to modern challenges, risks and threats, Montenegro's possible response to security risks
and threats and developing a crisis management system and participation in missions. The content will
be based on an analysis of foreign literature and the use of electronic content.
The subject of research in this paper is the national security policy of the Republic of
Montenegro in modern global conditions.
The purpose of this study is to approach the importance of national security and global
security in the scientific literature.
Keywords: national security policy, national security strategy, security interests and goals.
13 Faculty of Security-Skopje, University “Sv. Kliment Ohridski”-Bitola, Macedonia,
11
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND NATO –
CURRENT STATE OF PLAY
Zoran Đerić14
Gojko Pavlović15
Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the current state of play in the relations between Bosnia and
Herzegovina and NATO. The first part of the paper deals with the analysis of constitutional and
strategic documents, as well as legal regulations related to political, economic, defense and security
aspects in the relations between B&H and NATO. The second part of the paper presents a comparative
analysis of the results of the research conducted in 2018 and 2019 on "Military neutrality or NATO".
The sample consists of 700 adult citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, residents of the cities of Banja
Luka, Mostar and Sarajevo, and the research was conducted by the technique of direct contact with the
respondents, while a specially created questionnaire was used as a research instrument. The authors
intend to contribute to a better understanding of the activities carried out related to the current
cooperation between BiH and NATO, as well as to emphasize the need for full respect for
constitutional and legal solutions concerning the discussion of relevant future strategic commitments
of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina, NATO, the current state of play.
14 President of the Center for Lobbing, Banja Luka. E-mail: [email protected] 15 Director of Think Tank Banja Luka. E-mail: [email protected]
12
THE NEED OF COOPERATION BETWEEN PRIVATE SECURITY
COMPANIES AND STATE SECURITY SERVICES IN THE FIGHT
AGAINST TERRORISM
Ice Ilijevski16
Zlate Dimovski17
Kire Babanoski18
Abstract
Terrorism is a global threat to all of humanity, which has particularly negative and harmful
consequences. Terrorist attacks, incidents, and actions are a form of security endangerment whose
ways of committing are varied and constantly changing.
The fight against terrorism is highly dependent on the efficiency of the law enforcement
agencies' measures and activities, their speed at detecting terrorist organizations, their preparatory
actions and their response to a terrorist attack. This fight requires close co-operation between such
entities in order to exchange information and timely detect illegal activities that precede terrorist acts.
The main subject of this paper is to discuss the measures and activities of private security
companies and state security services in preventing terrorist acts as well as taking action following a
terrorist attack. The purpose of this paper is to present the current situation and future perspectives of
cooperation between security authorities as well as to raise awareness of the important role that the
private security sector plays and to enhance its well-deserved position with other security authorities in
the efficient functioning of the fight against terrorism.
Keywords: terrorism, terrorist attacks, security authorities, cooperation, relations.
16 Law faculty, University “St. Clement of Ohrid” – Bitola, [email protected]
17 Faculty of security, University “St. Clement of Ohrid” – Bitola, [email protected]
13
MILITARY STRATEGIES SMALL COUNTRY AND GEOPOLITICAL
CHANGE
Branislav Milosavljevic19
Nenad Komazec20
Abstract
Current global order is in the process of building new relations. The beginning of the 21st
century and the seemingly stable liberal order were brought into question with several unexpected
events which created great insecurity and pressure on small countries also so as to adapt their defense
strategies to the changing security environment. Analyzing the issue of small country military
strategies, the authors of the paper begin with theoretical considerations of the concepts of small
country and military strategy with a brief overview of the history of the subject terms. Given the fact
that there is no commonly accepted definition of small countries and that these are most often
presented through certain quantitative elements, the authors consider small countries from the
perspective of their ability to address key security and defense issues. On the other hand, it is evident
that small countries are exposed to a range of security challenges and impacts which determine, among
other things, the content of their military strategies. In order to gain greater security and stability, as
well as greater influence, and meet their economic or political needs, small countries determine their
military strategies in order to increase their chances of survival. In addition, the paper analyzes
geopolitical changes based on neorealistic principles focused on small countries, which recommend
that countries adapt their strategies quickly to changes in the external environment. However, every
country has different historical experience of conflicts and wars, as well as unique geographical
features in terms of expansion and relative closeness to friendly or threatening major powers.
Different experience also results in different military strategies, as well as participation in any
military and political alliances. As an analytic framework, the authors link elements of neorealism
(conceptualization of the international system) with subsequent neoclassicist and realistic studies of
the politics of alliances, characteristics of different levels of countries, and research within strategic
studies related to the concept of strategy. Additionally, in terms of geopolitical changes the authors
specifically analyze current events such as the terrorist attack on the USA, the Ukrainian conflict, the
rise of the Islamic State, and use as the references military strategies of Latvia, Denmark and
Lithuania.
Keywords: small countries, military strategy, defense strategy, geopolitical change, alliance,
neutrality, national interests.
19 University of Defence, Institute for Strategic Research, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 20 University of Defence, Military Academy, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]
14
INFLUENCE OF THE MODEL OF PHYSICAL TRAINING ON THE
EDUCATION OF POLICE OFFICER CANDIDATES
Jonche Ivanovski21
Apstrakt
Every country implements a specific system of police education within its educational
facilities, and with that it helps the police officer candidates to acquire the necessary competences,
skills and knowledge through the specific implementation of the educational plans and programs.
During the educational process it is crucial to establish high quality training that would enable gradual
theoretical and professional transformation of police officers, that would be focused to meet the
demands arising from the complex social and security conditions in which the police profession is
pursued. The Idrizovo training center of the Ministry of internal affairs implements a contemporary
police educational model that is in accordance with the national and international quality standards and
which serves to prepare the future police officers to professionally perform their tasks and duties.
Within this educational model, a specific program for physical training is developed, that aims to
provide systematic development and improvement of the basic biomotor skills within the field of
martial arts. For the purpose of this study, the physical training program was tested, in order to gain
insights into the acquired changes and transformations of the basic biomotor abilities of the police
officer candidates.
Based on the analysis results of the applied statistical procedures, it was established that
during the one year police officer course, positive changes of the biomotor structure of the candidates
have occurred, but still, in order to meet the educational and professional quality criteria, it is
necessary that the majority of candidates gain more points in the tests for biomotor skills.
Keywords: police education, police officer candidates, physical training, biomotor skills, descriptive
statistical analysis
21 Faculty of Security – Skopje; University “Sv. Kliment Ohridski”-Bitola, Republic of North Macedonia;
E-mail: [email protected]
15
THE UNSCRUPULOUS TREATMENT OF THE DISEASED
IN THE MACEDONIAN CRIMINAL CODE
Katerina Krstevska Savovska22
Abstract
The Unscrupulous treatment of the diseased is encompassed within the Chapter 21 of
Macedonian Criminal Code titled “Criminal acts against human health”. Having in mind the basic
provision of this criminal act as defined in the Article 207, i.e. the physician who, when providing
physician’s assistance, applies clearly inadequate means or manner of treatment, or does not apply
proper hygienic measures, or in general, acts unscrupulously and herewith causes deterioration of the
health situation of another, the Paper shall pay attention not only the Criminal Code, but also to other
relevant legislation. On the other hand, with the help of scientific analysis and description of the
statistical data disposable to the Macedonian State Statistical Office, the detecting and proving
activities of the Macedonian law enforcement organs shall be noted through the submitted criminal
reports, initiated accusations and delivered judgments for sanctioning of the perpetrators of this
criminal act. Finally, the Paper shall elaborate a specific court cases which subject was the
Unscrupulous treatment of the diseased.
Keywords: Unscrupulous treatment, Diseased person, Criminal act, Criminal Code, Republic of
Macedonia.
22 Faculty of Security - Skopje, University “St. Kliment Ohridski” – Bitola, [email protected]
16
PROTECTION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS:
THEORETIC FRAMEWORK AND PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION
Leta Bardjieva Miovska23
Oliver Bakreski24
Abstract
This paper has the critical infrastructure protection in a contemporary setting in the scope of
its focus as a threat for the Euro-Atlantic Values. The awareness for the vulnerability of the critical
infrastructure systems, which are additionally threatened by cyber-attacks and communication
disruptions, is high on the security assessment and planning agenda for state’s the policy creators and
corporate enterprises. The methodology applied for this research consists of qualitative and
quantitative methods of data interpretation, gathered by method of open source analysis, observations,
document screening and analysis. The first hypothesis depicted by the data analysis reflects the need
for further development of the cyber security platform that incorporates several institutions accounted
for critical infrastructure protection and the prevention of tasks overlaps and operational vacuum. This
hypothesis refers in concrete for the case of the Republic of North Macedonia, for example. The
limitations of the findings from this research effort are displayed in the form of lack or insufficient
legal framework realization of the prescribed institutional capacity and regulation execution in the
domain of critical infrastructure systems protection.
A conclusion can be drawn that emphasizes the actual imperative for applying and
implementing context-specific and best-alternative solutions in the critical infrastructure protection,
delivered by joint engagement of the relevant institutions.
Keywords: security, cyber, critical infrastructure, protection, planning.
24 Institute for Security, Defense and Peace/ Faculty of Philosophy, UKIM, Skopje, [email protected]
17
APPLICATION OF NON-STANDARD METHODS
IN FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF COLORED MATERIALS Vojkan M. Zorić1,3,
Vesna Petrović2
Zdravko Skakavac325
Abstract
Direct experimental method as a method of infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR) and the
method of scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS) give diagrams which are very complex and
difficult to interpret and even more difficult to perform a forensic actual conclusion. In this paper
authors explains the application of methods of mathematical statistics and the use of analogies to
physical characteristics of the absorption of irreversibly (without recombination effects) and reversible
(with recombination effects). Selection of curves with the experimental diagram "dropped" is on
curves exponentially decreasing, ie belonging to irreversible absorption and curve type Bessel
functions, which are due to reversible absorption. As for the irreversible absorption curves, their
histograms using the method of least squares translated into analytic functions. In practice, it gets a
series of exponential curves, but with different parameters, and the mean values of the characteristics
can be determined by one of the obtained analytical curves, but the composition of all registered
curves and that in fact the resulting distribution for a group of exponential distributions with different
parameters.
Shown is the application of this method to an example in practice.
Keywords: Forensics of colors materials, Laboratory analysis, Mathematical statistics.
25,,3 University Megatrend, Faculty of Civil Aviation, Bul. maršala Tolbuhina 8, Belgrade, Serbia,
[email protected], [email protected] 2 Higher Education Technical School of Professional Studies in Novi Sad, Školska 1, Novi Sad, Serbia 3 University of Union, Faculty of Law and Business studies “Dr Lazar Vrkatić“, Bul. Oslobodjenja 76, Novi Sad,
Serbia.
18
HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE ON REPUBLIC OF NORTH
MACEDONIA'S INTEGRATION IN NATO AND EUROPEAN UNION
Andrej Iliev
Anita Ilieva Nikolovska
Emilija Petrova
Abstract
The historical determination on Republic of North Macedonia for integration into the collective
systems, NATO and European Union are the highest national goals with strategic importance which
lasts about three decades. The paper aims to provide a detailed historical overview of our country's
NATO integration path from becoming a part of Partnership for Peace to full membership on Republic
of North Macedonia in NATO, which will happen earliest at the forthcoming Meeting of Foreign
Affairs Ministers of NATO in Brussels on 02-03-th April 2020. Besides analyzing the work of NATO
done so far and forthcoming NATO activities in the field of dealing with military and non-military
security threats and providing suggestions and methods for more effective dealing with above
mentioned modern security threats, one of the main point will be the implementation of full
membership on Republic of North Macedonia as 30-th NATO member state. The main hypothesis and
also the focus of our paper will be: "Analysis of integration path of our country in European Union".
This will be based on a analysis of the documents from strategic importance of European Union and
an analysis of the forthcoming new methodology for admission and status for became full member
state of European Union. Our aim is to make a historical and comparative analysis of European Union
members from the region of Southeast Europe (Republic of Slovenia and Republic of Croatia), with
the countries which are currently in process of launching accession negotiations with the European
Union such as Republic of North Macedonia and also with integration process in EU of Southeast
European countries which already some of them have candidate status (Republic of Albania, Republic
of Montenegro and Republic of Serbia).
The final goal of this paper, based on a analysis from the reports of European institutions and
agencies, will give an overview of the possible dates on which the accession of the above-mentioned
countries from the region of Southeast Europe to European Union will be realized, if they carry out all
necessary reforms on the basis with forthcoming new methodology for accession to European Union
and given timeframe from the European Commission for implementing all necessary reforms for each
Southeast European country aspiring for membership in European Union.
Keywords: historical retrospective, integration, Republic of North Macedonia, NATO,
European Union
19
PREVENTION / SUPPRESSION OF CORRUPTION - A NEVER
ENDING STORY
Mojca Rep
Dragana Cvorovic
Abstract
3.5 billion euros or 8.5 % of the gross domestic product is lost in Slovenia on an annual basis
due to corruption. By signing the coalition agreement, the Government of the Republic of Slovenia
has committed itself to reform the legislation and provide tools for more efficient functioning of the
Commission for the Prevention of Corruption (hereinafter CPC) in order to combat corruption and
economic crime more effectively. The amendment to the Integrity and Prevention of Corruption Act
(hereinafter IPCA) is intended to provide a more appropriate regulatory framework that would
contribute to a more effective fight against corruption. However, according to representatives of the
CPC, legislation changes still does not answer some of the key questions and dilemmas in the
functioning of the Commission. The deficiencies relate primarily to the inadequately regulated
procedure used by the Commission to investigate suspected corruption, suspected breaches of integrity
and systemic controls. The next set of questions relates to the proposed solutions regarding the
nomination and appointment process. Corrections in this regard are also recommended by
international organizations. At the outset, the current Act is rated as a good one. According to the
Commission, the stagnation of Slovenia in terms of the Corruption Perceptions Index is also a result of
an inappropriate response or even an absence of response from decision-makers when corruption is
detected by the competent authorities. The latter thus affects people's fairly negative opinions.
Slovenia has been ranked in 35th place in the Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index,
which has put the country below the EU average again. Transparency International Slovenia also
points out that no progress has been noticed in the fight against corruption since 2012. What is more,
the field of whistleblower protection is also worth mentioning in this respect. In October 2019, the EU
Whistleblower Protection Directive was adopted. Whistleblower protection is an area that is
progressing rapidly, mainly because of its reach and complexity. The main drawback of current
Slovenian legislation is that anti-corruption legislation has very limited protection for whistleblowers,
which nevertheless represent an extremely important source of information in the fight against
corruption. Slovenia has been waiting for 6 years for the amendment to the main Act, the IPCA, to be
adopted. It is also noted that there has been little progress with reforms in other areas as well. For
progress, effective regulation of the whole area of anti-corruption is in fact necessary.
Keywords: The Commission for the Prevention of Corruption, the Integrity and Prevention of
Corruption Act, Corruption Perception Index, Transparency International.
20
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF THE ENGLISH TERMS
“WHISTLEBLOWER” AND “WHISTLEBLOWING” AND THEIR
TRANSLATIONAL EQUIVALENTS IN MACEDONIAN AND SOME OF
ITS RELATED LANGUAGES
Vesna Trajkovska26
Abstract
The paper provides semantic analysis of the English terms whistleblower and whistleblowing
and their official translational equivalents in Macedonian.
It addresses the notions lexicalized by the original English terms whistleblower and
whistleblowing and the challenges of the transfer of their semantic content into Macedonian.
Furthermore, the paper provides a comparative analysis of the Macedonian translational
equivalents and the official equivalents of whistleblower and whistleblowing in Serbian, Croatian,
Bosnian, Slovenian and Montenegrin, with reference to the original English terms.
It aims at detecting the translation strategies employed when choosing the translational
equivalents in the given languages, as they are encountered in official legal documents regulating the
area that the notions whistleblower and whistleblowing refer to.
Keywords: whistleblower, whistleblowing, Macedonian, English, translation.
26 Faculty of Security Skopje, [email protected]
21
ONTOLOGY OF SECURITY
(APPENDIX TO THE ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF
THE PHILOSOPHY OF SECURITY)
Cane Mojanoski27
Goce Arizankoski28
Zlatko Angjeleski29
Abstract
Security sciences and scientific disciplines (as well as all natural and social sciences), depart
from those philosophically determined basic principles that are grouped into theories of the being
(existence) of security occurrences (ontology of security), for understanding of safety occurrences
(gnoseology of security) and the values and valuation of safety occurrences (axiology of security),
whereby being presupposes the recognition and appreciation of security occurrences, and vice versa -
the recognition of security occurrences presupposes the existence and valuation of what is known, as
well as the valuation assumes the existence of security occurrences and the methodological and
methodological possibility of their recognition. On the aforementioned philosophical basis and
methodological direction - our philosophical, ie, ontological analysis and synthesis of security (as an
idea, condition, value, need, interest, function, organization and system) begins with the long-known
ontological fact that security as a practice is as old as and the human race, arising from the
materialization of human emotions and the urge for self-preservation (the instinct of fear and the
biological mechanism of survival of the organism), and the assumptions that man's first thoughts were
utterly practical, that is, life itself had to be safe first and foremost - food, heat, protecting against
catastrophes and avoiding danger were the first goals of reason, but also a long-established
anthropological finding that the need for protection, security and safety is based on the basic natural
laws of the struggle for existence - a sufficiently firm basis for the fact that the need for safety and
security is one of the basic needs of man.
In this work we are going to make an effort to try and open up a debate regard ontology of
security as a separate philosophical discipline aimed at the continuous acquisition and promotion of a
reference framework of chronological, current and anticipatory knowledge of the importance, the
being and the idea of security (as a condition, value, need, interest, function, organization and system),
as well as on the basis of security on the necessity, determinacy, continuity, importance and
development of the social-security existence (human being) and humanity as an emergent form of it
existence by virtue of its enduring, existential and natural-social need for security.
Keywords: ontology of security, importance of security, being of security, idea for security.
27 Faculty of Security – Skopje, University „St. Kliment Ohridski” – Bitola, [email protected]
28 Ministry of Internal Affairs, [email protected]
29 Master student at the Faculty of Detectives and Security at FON University – Skopje
22
THE DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
ESTABLISHING MINIMUM STANDARDS ON THE RIGHTS,
SUPPORT AND PROTECTION OF VICTIMS OF CRIME AND
MACEDONIAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LEGISLATION
Oliver Bachanovic30
Natasha Peovska31
Abstract
During 2012, the European Union Directive (2012/29 EU) was adopted establishing minimum
standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime replacing the Council Framework
Decision 2001/220/JHA on the standing of victims in criminal proceedings. Both documents are
legally binding of the general kind, the first of that kind, when it comes to victims of crime and EU
legislation.
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the importance of this Directive for promotion of the
position and rights of the victim of crime and the necessity for its implementation in national
legislation. Moreover, the Republic of North Macedonia, as a country that has already started the
accession negotiations for EU membership, must take into account the minimum standards on the
rights, support and protection of victims of crime as one of the conditions for gaining this status in the
EU in the framework of harmonization of national with European legislation. In this regard, we can
point the implementation of the Directive on the Rights of Victims as one of the priorities of Serbia in
the negotiations for its accession to the EU (specifically foreseen in the Action Plan for Chapter 23 -
Judiciary and Human Rights).
The main method used in this paper will be the content analysis of the Victims' Rights
Directive and of domestic legislation regarding the (non) existence of provisions which imply its
consistent application.
Keywords: EU Directive on the Rights of Victims of Crime (2012), minimum standards, national
legislation, harmonization of legislation.
30 Faculty of Security, Skopje, University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bitola.
31 Faculty of Security, Skopje, University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bitola.
23
TYPES OF SCORRUPTION ACTIVITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Marjan Nikolovski32
Marjan Mladenovski33
Frosina Nikolovska34
Abstract
Corruption as a phenomenon today is one of the serious threats to the rule of law. It means
that instead of the rule of law and its norms, individuals are governed, guided by lucrative goals and in
accordance with interests. It is a form of government dominated by self-love and self-government as a
manifest form, followed by a reference to (often business) interests. It is a social situation and practice
that adversely affects overall social development, slows down economic processes, deteriorates social
security and undermines perceptions and beliefs about the value of principles, in particular the
principles of legality, equality, equality and freedom.
Corruption poses is a serious threat to democracy, justice and human rights, justice and
social justice and impedes the economic development of states. Corruption runs counter to the
principle of the rule of law and poses a direct threat to democratic institutions and the moral
foundations of society.
There are various forms of corruption such as: political corruption, corruption in the judiciary,
health, police, education and so on. One of the less researched forms of corruption is corruption in
education with a particular aspect of higher education, a form of which is little talked about and the
under-researched types of corrupt practices in higher education.
From this point of view, the Faculty of Security conducted a five-year research on “Public
opinion of the citizens of the Republic of Macedonia on corruption where a serious area is devoted to
corruption in education with emphasis on higher education. The paper also provides an analysis of the
Erasmus court case, which specifically addresses corruption in higher education.
Keywords: corruption, shapes, corruption in higher education, types.
32 Faculty of security – Skopje, [email protected] 33 Euro college Kumanovo, [email protected] 34
24
SPECIAL INVESTIGATIVE MEASURES: A COMPARATIVE
OVERVIEW
Aleksandar Markoski35
Aleksandar Chavleski36
Abstract The undertaken obligation by N.Macedonia to harmonize its national law with the legislation
of the European Union led towards significant changes inter alia of the systemic laws, such as the Law
on Criminal Procedure. This Law inherited the many new institutions of the Law on Changes and
Amendments to the previous Law on Criminal Procedure, which were adopted at the beginning of
December 2004, among which, the application of special investigative measures may be emphasized
as the most important. The utilization of special investigative measures is of an exceptional
importance in the fight against organized crime, corruption and terrorism, as most serious threats to
the national security. The most used and notorious special investigative measure is the - telephone
wiretapping. Telephone wiretapping began in the 1890s, following the invention of the telephone
recorder and by now many state legislatures enacted statutes that prohibited anybody from listening in
on telegraph communication. Also, there is the problem of the "mass surveillance" which is the
intricate surveillance of an entire or a substantial fraction of a population in order to monitor that
group of citizens. The surveillance is often carried out by local and federal governments
or governmental organisations, but it may also be carried out by corporations (either on behalf of
governments or at their own initiative). Depending on each nation's laws and judicial systems, the
legality of and the permission required to engage in mass surveillance varies. Ergo, the purpose of
this article will be to give an overview of the legal regime regarding the special investigative measures
in N.Macedonia and EU. The article will give an assessment of the application of investigative
measures under the new Directive on the European Investigation Order since its entry into force in
2017. The relevant case-law of the ECtHR will be important benchmark in assessing the legal
solutions pertaining to the application of the special investigative measures.
Keywords: evidence, terrorism, investigation measures, European Investigation Order
35 Public Prosecutor, Basic Prosecutor’s Office Skopje, & Adjunct Professor of Criminal Law, MIT University,
Skopje. 36 MIT University, Skopje, Faculty of Law and Political science, FON University, Skopje.
25
MORALITY AND MORAL VALUES AS A PERSONALIZATION OF
MODERN SOCIETY
Natasa Pelivanova37
Mirjana Ristovska38
Abstract
Moral values are the basis for the functioning of every society. The criteria of good and bad,
as essential elements of moral consciousness, are built through the life and experience of many
generations as shared values for the whole society. In states that qualify as free, democratic, and legal,
which do not recognize state religion and have a plurality of religious and ideological values,
particular emphasis is placed on the need for a rationally based morality.
To perceive people's beliefs about good and bad in society represents a challenge. This
challenge is especially intriguing for a society like ours, which has undergone serious changes in the
political, economic, and cultural segments. The subjective feeling that something is happening with
the moral value system in our country has been around for a long time. Unfortunately, this subjective
feeling goes that moral values barely exist. Practically, the main purpose of this paper is precisely that:
to examine the moral values of individuals by applying appropriate methodological procedures and to
understand the moral attitudes of a group of persons. Also, in this paper the questions of what morality
is and what the moral values of a society depend on will be elaborated. To achieve the purpose of this
research, the historical and sociological methods will be applied, as well as, the survey and the method
of content analysis.
Keywords: morality, moral attitudes, moral values.
37 Faculty of security, “St.Kliment Ohridski” University – Bitola, Republic of North Macedonia
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
38 Faculty of Law, “St.Kliment Ohridski” University – Bitola, Republic of North Macedonia,
e-mail: [email protected]
26
GLOBAL RISKS IN BUSINESS OPERATING ENVIRONMENT:
ECONOMIC CHALLENGES OF ENTREPRENEURS
Ivana Marinović Matović39
Abstract
Accepting and approaching to global business as an economic development model, implies
growing variety of business risks. Competition in the global market is increasing, and demands for
entrepreneurs to further adapt, and transform their business digitally, are high. Managing the global
business environment risks is becoming imperative for organizations that are operating in the global
market. Further development of global business, as well as the challenges facing global organizations,
will be explored in this paper through the analysis of recent works in the field of geoeconomics and
global business. The subject of the paper is to describe the current state and development of global
business environment, dominated by the need and ability to jointly create products of global economy
by inclusion of world resources. The aim of the paper is to investigate, through the available scientific
research, the current conditions for creating global products using common global resources, and to
analyse the environmental risks of new global business model in the first quarter of 21st century. The
paper examines the challenges that entrepreneurs face in the global business environment, and focuses
on the specific business risks typical for entrepreneurs. The conclusion of the paper will provide
further guidance to empirically determine the development of global products in the Republic of
Serbia by offering its specific resources, thereby making the entrepreneurship in the Republic of
Serbia more actively involved in new global business model.
Keywords: business environment, global business, geoeconomics, risk management,
entrepreneurship.
39 Addiko Bank AD Belgrade, e-mail: [email protected]
27
DETENTION - ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL
LEGISLATION (THEORY AND PRACTICE) Vesna Trajanovska40
Natasha Jovanova41
Abstract
This paper elaborates the key role of detention in criminal proceedings and provides guidance
for its successful application in accordance with domestic and international legal standards and human
rights. Furthermore this paper emphasizes the importance of the implementation of other measures to
ensure defendant’s presence and successful criminal case (hereinafter referred as alternative
measures). The way in which analysis of detention is applied at the North of Macedonian judiciary,
indicates significant deficiencies in decisions ordering and continuation of this measure expressed by
inadequate explanations of the legal grounds. Namely, the conclusion is that the explanations are
stereotyped, non-individualized and include a retelling of the legal text of the Law on Criminal
Procedure. Inescapable impression is that the approach of judges when assessing which measure to be
enforced, often begins and ends with detention, instead first evaluating the possibilities afforded by
other provisions of the criminal procedural legislation and which do not lead to strictly limiting the
freedom of the defendant, but they mean imposing injunctions, restrictions or obligations. The practice
applied in the field of detention in North of Macedonia is very common in the context of public arrests
of subjects. Entities taken into custody are considered guilty since the beginning, and it is forgotten
they are innocent until proven otherwise. In terms of the new law on criminal procedure, the presence
of three key UNITS in deciding detention is highlighted, and those are: primary suspicion for
committing a crime, explaining the grounds for granting custody and explaining why any alternative
measures are not implemented. Combining alternative measures can bring results, but unfortunately in
North of Macedonia it is not used. Finally this paper underlines that there must be relevant and
specific reasons before adoption of detention, and not making exceptions and emphasizing
exaggerated and misused role of the media in the act of arresting.
40 International Balkan University (IBU), [email protected]
41 Faculty of Security- Skopje, St. Climent Ohridski Bitola, Republic North of Macedonia,
28
THE PLACE AND ROLE OF THE INTELLIGENCE AND
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE SERVICES
Nenad Taneski42
Sinisha Vitanovski43
Aleksandar Petrusovski44
Abstract
The security (Intelligence and Counterintelligence) services are one of the key elements for
dealing with the 21st century challenges. The principle itself is directed mostly in preventive action i.e.
early discovery, identifying and stopping the security threats.
The Intelligence represents a process in collecting, processing, analyzing and distribution of
intelligence data. The Intelligence i.e. the Intelligence services own the capacity for collecting
information which is important for the safety and the constitutional order of the country. The
counterintelligence represents inverse process of the Intelligence i.e. detecting of unfriendly
intelligence capacities. After the end of the Cold War, the security threats and challenges in the world
changed, so according to that many countries changed their entire security system. The
intelligence services are also susceptible to transformation. With the emergence of terrorism as a
security threat no. 1 in the 21st century, the biggest parts of the Intelligences’ activities are directed to
discovering and preventing the terrorist activities and to dissolving and destroying the terrorist
organizations.
The way the terrorist groups operate is similar worldwide. They are well organized, have
strong propaganda machinery, hierarchy and a high degree of secrecy within the organization. They
act on vital and sensitive goals in society, mostly on civilians, in order to sow fear and demonstrate
power versus the regular security forces. The terrorism is not only a number 1 threat to national
security, but also to international security.
The need for cooperation of intelligence and counterintelligence services between the member
states of NATO and the EU is extremely important for the mutual exchange of intelligence
information concerning the terrorist organizations and their actions. One terrorist organization does
not operate locally but has cells in many countries around the world. That’s why the cooperation of the
Intelligence services is so important in the process of uncovering future plans for detecting future
terrorist attacks and stopping them as well as jointly dismantling terrorist organizations. The process
of exchange of experiences, lessons learned and the organization of joint training and training the
members of the intelligence services enables greater efficiency in the fight against terrorism.
Keywords: Intelligence, Counterintelligence, Intelligence Services, terrorism, terrorist organizations,
security threats.
42 [email protected] 43 [email protected] 44 [email protected]
29
CYBER SECURITY IN EUROPEAN CIVIL AVIATION INDUSTRY
Tomislav Tuntev45
Gjorgji Alceski46
Abstract
The increasingly emphasized need for achieving an optimal level of security within the cyber
environment of "insecurity" and the growing dependence on information technology, have created real
conditions for developing wide range of new risks, threats and dangers, including the cyber terrorism.
Keeping in mind the complexity of cyberspace and the reality that cyber-attacks are inevitable,
developing a strong and effective security policy is more and more directed in the area of civil aviation
as one of the most complex systems, specifically integrated in the global information and
communication technology.
Aviation, as the most dynamic and fastest growing industry and at the same time the safest way of
transport, is promoting an universal standardized level of safety and security, supported by relevant
legislation, advanced systems and technologies and appropriate educational and training programs.
The aviation as a global transport system, in terms of functional layout, can be provisionally
subdivided into three subsystems: airports, airlines and air traffic management. Each of them consists
of several functional elements: system user, infrastructure, controls, procedures, technologies,
technical and human resources, etc., and all of them are vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Because of this,
the aim of this paper is to analyze the ongoing practices and activities that play significant role for the
development of cyber security within the civil aviation sector all over the world, with an accent to the
European air transportation system. The paper is describing the key factors and specific security
activities and initiatives within ICAO, IATA, IFALPA, ECAC, EASA, and specially
EUROCONTROL, providing accurate information of what is being and must be done on international
and national level about this issue. At the same time, the paper should raise the common awareness
about the significance of the need to implement contemporary aids, new technologies and advanced
trainings in aim to improve the civil aviation safety and security.
Keywords: civil aviation, cyber-attacks, cybercrime, data breaches, security, safety.
45 Civil Aviation Agency.
46 TAV Macedonia, Ohrid St. Paul the Apostle Airport.
30
INFORMATION FOR SAFE USE OF PAYMENT CARDS
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MUNICIPALITY OF PRILEP
Keti Nikolovska47
Snezana Mojsoska48
Abstract
The main reasons, for the increase the use of payment cards such as ATM cards, credit and
debit cards and their major role in consumer life as a means of payment are: economic growth,
consumer modern way of living and the impact of sellers for simple- non-cash payment,
modernization of computer technology, etc. Their increased use leads to increasing fraud with them.
The aim in this paper, is to see how much the information for the safe use of payment cards is
an instrument that assumes the role of a preventive measure. In a broader sense, this research will
contribute to raising the level of security of users, because information itself offers a wider range of
knowledge in the field of safe use. As a research technique, in order to respond to the set goals, a
survey questionnaire was used as a intended sample, the survey was conducted in the city of Prilep,
and the survey was with even distribution in relation to the gender of the respondents. As a conclusion
in this paper is that information is an important prerequisite for preventing possible abuses, and also
the information affects the increase in the number of users of payment cards.
Keywords (italicized, 11 pt.): credit cards, information, security, fraud.
47 (phd. candidate), [email protected]
48 Faculty of security, [email protected]
31
CYBER TERRORISM THREAT AND THE PANDEMIC
Ivana Luknar49
Abstract
Contemporary pandemic caused by COVID-19 and its highest risk of spreading have changed
world in almost every field. In the rules of social distancing and self-isolation digital technologies are
basic form of communication and work. For the purpose of this paper using content analysis method
will provide information about cyber security threats and how very quickly they are moving during the
COVID-19 pandemic. How the COVID-19 pandemic makes cyber terrorism the most current threat?
We should see this situation as opportunity to improve existing and build more secure digital
infrastructure. Purpose of the paper is to show that it’s essential to have a good cyber security on the
timing and stringency of responses across the world.
Keywords: cyber terrorism, cyber security, cyber space, COVID-19
49 e-mail: [email protected]
32
PARLIAMENTARY ELECTORAL SYSTEM AND THE QUALITY OF
DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE IN KOSOVO
Ibrahim Isuf Shala50
Abstract
The parliamentary electoral system in Kosovo is special; the whole territory of the state is an
electoral zone, where voted for the party with an open list of candidates for deputies, at the beginning
it was voted for 10 candidates, and currently for five candidates. Despite the minutes of the polling
centers, the votes are once again counted at the state level by the Counting and Results Center.
Argumentation of the thesis that, this form of voting enables the voter vote not to go to the selected
candidate, but the close party leadership decides during the recount process for the desired list of
deputies. The main focus will be on arguing the essence of the problem that, this electoral system
deforms the will of the voter. It enables the creation of party cliques, close informal groups in the
party, whose willpower will be reflected in the governance of the state and the quality of proclaimed
democracy. Party clicks are a precondition for corruption and organized crime. In such circumstances,
reform of the parliamentary electoral system is necessary. Argumentation of the direct effects of the
type of electoral system on the quality of democratic governance.
Keywords: vote alienation, party clique, institutional corruption, authoritarian governance.
50 PhD candidate, [email protected];
33
THE IMPACT OF THE PARADOX OF DEMOCRACY IN
CORELATION WITH NEO-LIBERLISNM UPON THE
INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND SPREADING A FAKE NEWS
Miodrag Labovic51
Abstract
Democracy in this paper will be considered through the prism of its multidimensional nature
of deep internal contradictions, being as a value and system for realizing and protection of
fundamental rights and freedoms, on the one hand, and as a method and decision-making procedure in
the society, on the other hand. In its original sense, according the etymological genesis of the word,
democracy literally means practicing power by the majority of the people. In this sense, democracy is
historically achieved only in the ancient city (polis) Athens. Since then, democracy in various models
and modified versions of these models, according to the different understandings of it, appears through
the historical development of society. In the paper will be made efforts to give a kind of archetypal
contribution to this topic by analyzing the following issues: What is the paradox of democracy in; Is
democracy possible in its original sense in today's development of society; Whether democracy is a
farce or reality today and which are the basic postulates and mechanisms on which operate globalized
societies; What is the connection and impact among democracy, liberalism and neo-liberalism; What
is the reflection of such democratic societies toward multidimensional phenomenon of international
and national security, considered in all its dimensions, beyond the traditional understandings of
security, exclusively conceptualized in terms of military and other traditional security threats and
risks. Answering to all these open questions, the historical overview of the development of democracy
in this paper will be reduced in minimum extent necessary in order to understand the impact of the
various tendencies in the concept of democracy and doctrine of neo-liberalism upon the international
security. As well as, in this context the causes and goals of spreading fake news will be considered, as
a basic nucleus of the contemporary economic and political propaganda or marketing.
Keywords: democracy, neo-liberalism, international security, fake news, plural socialism.
51 Faculty of Security - Skopje [email protected]
34
ADAPTATION OF YOUNG INMATES TO INCARCERATION:
MACEDONIAN CASE
Stefanovska (Stojkovska) Vesna52
Abstract
The incarceration is stressful and traumatic experience for everyone. The inmates can adopt
different coping or adjustment strategies to the new environment. What they adopt depends on the
environmental factors and personal characteristics, as well as of their own sense of protection from
victimization. In the literature, three types of adaptation are predominantly recognized: cooperation,
withdrawal and resistance and violent behavior.
Based on that, this paper examines the manifestation and connection of different adopting
strategies of young inmates with their personal as well as institutional features during incarceration.
Analysis is based on qualitative data collected by using in-depth interviews with incarcerated young
inmates in one educational-correctional facility. The main findings pertain to the recognition that
young inmates have adopted several coping strategies in order to adopt to the prison life, but mainly
develop violent behaviour during their incarceration.
This small scale survey is particularly valuable in filling up the exiting empirical gap and
findings within criminological literature and might be used as basis for developing prerequisites for
eliminating, or at least, mitigating negative consequences of the deprivations related to loss of liberty,
security, autonomy etc. generated by pains of imprisonment.
Keywords: adaptation, young inmates, incarceration, correctional facility, circle of violence.
52 Faculty of security – Skopje, e-mail: [email protected]
35
CRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST HUMANITY AND
INTERNATIONAL LAW IN REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Blerta Ahmedi Arifi53
Abstract
Despite the harsh policies in this area with the aim of halting migration flow, during the last
several years there have been evidenced a considerable number of cases of crimes which belong to the
group of the “founding slavery and transportation of persons in slavery” which are incriminated in
article 418 of the Criminal Code of Republic of Macedonia, in Chapter thirty four on the group of the
“Criminal offences against humanity and international law”.
This research paper reflects on and analyzes the criminal policy of Republic of North
Macedonia on the illegal migration and other criminal offences related to this phenomenon, based on
the explanation of the phenomenology of the types of these crimes, such as: Human trafficking
(art.418-a); Smuggling of migrants (art.418-b); Organizing a group and instigating performance of
crimes of human trafficking, trafficking of juveniles and migrants (art. 418-c); Abuse of visa-free
regime with the member countries of the EU and the Schengen Agreement (art.418-e). This paper will
reflect on the structure, dynamics and volume of the crimes mentioned above based on the official
statistical data published by the State Statistical Office of the Republic of North Macedonia for the
period of January 2007- December 2018.
Additionally, this research attempts to reflect the real picture of the reported, accused and
convicted perpetrators of the crimes which are subject of this research, as well as provide some
detailed data analysis on indicators such as gender, age, the number and the type of the criminal
offences during: 2007-2018, the type of the decision of the court, the type of the sentence applied.
Keywords: smuggling migrant, transporting of persons in slavery, abuse of visa-free-regime, human
trafficking.
53 South East European University, Faculty of Law, Ilindenska 335, 1200 Tetovo, Republic of North Macedonia
36
37
CIP - Каталогизација во публикација
Национална и универзитетска библиотека "Св. Климент Охридски", Скопје
316.752:341.171(4-672ЕУ:497)(062)(048.3)
316.752:327.51(100-622НАТО:497)(062)(048.3)
INTERNATIONAL scientific conference (2020 ; Ohrid11)
The Euro-atlantic values in the Balkan countries : book of abstracts
/ 11 th International scientific conference, 22-04 September 2020, Ohrid
= Евроатланските вредности и Балканските земји : книга на апстракти /
11-та Меѓународна научна конференција, 22-24 септември 2020, Охрид. -
Скопје : Факултет за безбедност = Skopje : Faculty of security, 2020
Начин на пристапување (URL): http://www.fb.uklo.edu.mk/. - Текст во PDF
формат, содржи 37 стр. - Наслов преземен од екранот. - Опис на изворот
на ден 24.09.2020
ISBN 978-608-4828-54-9
а) Евроатлански вредности -- Балкан -- Собири -- Апстракти
COBISS.MK-ID 52018181
...
